ind Trade can spread economic toll of local disasters globally, study finds By www.upi.com Published On :: Mon, 04 May 2020 17:50:09 -0400 Damage from a natural disaster in one place can spread globally due to urban trade networks, a Yale study said Monday. Full Article
ind Astronomers find black hole just 1,000 light-years from Earth By www.upi.com Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 15:35:41 -0400 Scientists have discovered the closest black hole to Earth, located just 1,000 light-years away. Full Article
ind Researchers find honey bee gene that causes virgin birth By www.upi.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 18:08:31 -0400 The Cape honey bee, a subspecies found along the southern coast of South Africa, reproduces without having sex. Now, scientists have identified the gene responsible for the bee's virgin births. Full Article
ind Side-by-Side Comparison of 2013 Senate Immigration Bill with Individual 2013 House Bills By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Thu, 01 Aug 2013 00:00:00 -0400 This fact sheet offers a detailed review of the comprehensive immigration reform legislation approved by the U.S. Senate in June 2013 and compares its major provisions with those of the five targeted immigration bills approved by the House Judiciary Committee and the House Homeland Security Committee. Full Article
ind [ Add-ons ] Open Question : Finding a way to backup with external harddrive? By answers.yahoo.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 17:16:10 +0000 I'm trying to make a backup to an external harddrive, but when I go to update & security and then to back up, I don't find the option to 'add a drive'. It's completely empty, even though my computer is detecting the external harddrive. Where do I find the option to backup files? I'm using windows 10 Full Article
ind Signs of Modern Human Cognition Were Found in an Indonesian Cave By rss.sciam.com Published On :: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 10:45:00 GMT Painted images of intriguing human-animal hybrids are signs of modern thought -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com Full Article Mind Cognition The Sciences Arts & Culture Evolution
ind Post-Traumatic Growth: Finding Meaning and Creativity in Adversity By rss.sciam.com Published On :: Sat, 25 Apr 2020 19:00:00 GMT Resilience and strength can often be attained through unexpected routes -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com Full Article Mind Cognition
ind Two Views of the Same News Find Opposite Biases By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 00:00:00 EDT You could be forgiven for thinking the television images in the experiment were from 2006. They were really from 1982: Israeli forces were clashing with Arab militants in Lebanon. The world was watching, charges were flying, and the air was thick with grievance, hurt and outrage. Full Article Nation Two Views of the Same News Find Opposite Biases
ind Iraq War Naysayers May Have Hindsight Bias By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 02 Oct 2006 00:00:00 EDT Antiwar liberals last week got to savor the four most satisfying words in the English language: "I told you so." Full Article Opinions Iraq War Naysayers May Have Hindsight Bias
ind Almost Everyone Lies, Often Seeing It as a Kindness By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 19 Feb 2007 00:00:00 EST The perjury trial of I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby goes to the jury this week. The case speaks to several issues -- how the Bush administration deals with critics of the war in Iraq, and the games that Washington's reporters and politicians play with each other. As far as the jury is concerned, however,... Full Article Opinions Almost Everyone Lies Often Seeing It as a Kindness
ind Are We Judging Actions, Or the People Behind Them? By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 21 May 2007 00:00:00 EDT Like lunar and solar eclipses, there are some Washington phenomena that are so common they ought to have distinct names. Here is one: A public figure comes to be hated by large numbers of people. But the person cannot be prosecuted or punished, perhaps because his behavior did not involve a crime so... Full Article Opinions Are We Judging Actions Or the People Behind Them?
ind Along With Grief, 9/11 Survivors Find Resolve By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 10 Sep 2007 00:00:00 EDT John Duffy lost 67 of his colleagues at the firm of Keefe, Bruyette & Woods six years ago during the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Among the dead was Duffy's son Christopher. The investment banking firm, located in the South Tower of the World Trade Center, was among the companies hit hardes... Full Article Opinions Along With Grief 9/11 Survivors Find Resolve
ind Reminders of Mortality Bring Out the Charitable Side By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 24 Dec 2007 00:00:00 EST Scrooge crept towards it, trembling as he went; and following the finger, read upon the stone of the neglected grave his own name, Ebenezer Scrooge . . . "Spirit!" he cried, tight clutching at its robe, "hear me! I am not the man I was. I will not be the man I must have been . . . " Full Article Opinions Reminders of Mortality Bring Out the Charitable Side
ind Care to Know the Motivation Behind That Gift, Love? By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 11 Feb 2008 00:00:00 EST If you happen to stop by a Victoria's Secret store this Wednesday evening, on the eve of Valentine's Day, you will learn something fascinating about human nature that will tell you a lot about people and relationships. Full Article Opinions Care to Know the Motivation Behind That Gift Love?
ind The Candidate, the Preacher and the Unconscious Mind By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 05 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT On the eve of crucial presidential primaries in Indiana and North Carolina, Sen. Barack Obama (D-Ill.) has found himself dogged by questions about his former pastor, the Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright Jr. As the Democratic front-runner's popularity has suffered after public statements by Wright about ra... Full Article Opinions The Candidate the Preacher and the Unconscious Mind
ind Your Neighbors Could Find Out, So You'd Better Vote By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 27 Oct 2008 00:00:00 EDT After nearly two years of political jockeying for the presidency, hundreds of millions of dollars of advertising and wall-to-wall campaign coverage in the media, nearly half of all Americans eligible to cast ballots in the presidential election may not bother to vote. Turnout for primaries, as well... Full Article Opinions Your Neighbors Could Find Out So You'd Better Vote
ind Invertir en el vecindario: Cambios en los patrones de migración entre México y Estados Unidos y oportunidades para una cooperación sostenible By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Fri, 20 Sep 2019 11:03:45 -0400 La migración entre México y Estados Unidos ha cambiado dramáticamente en los últimos años, pero las políticas y la retórica política en ambos países no se han actualizado a este contexto a la misma velocidad. Este reporte explora esta nueva realidad migratoria y cómo los dos gobiernos podrían trabajar juntos para abordar los desafíos de políticas públicas que tienen en común. Full Article
ind Supporting DLLs in Superdiverse PreK-3 Programs: Findings from Two Studies By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Wed, 07 Mar 2018 17:46:18 -0500 Marking the release of two research reports that highlight promising, effective approaches to teaching and learning for Dual Language Learners in multilingual, multicultural classrooms, report authors present their findings on this webinar and discuss key implications for policy and practice. Full Article
ind Specificity and affinity of the N-terminal residues in staphylocoagulase in binding to prothrombin [Computational Biology] By www.jbc.org Published On :: 2020-04-24T06:08:45-07:00 In Staphylococcus aureus–caused endocarditis, the pathogen secretes staphylocoagulase (SC), thereby activating human prothrombin (ProT) and evading immune clearance. A previous structural comparison of the SC(1–325) fragment bound to thrombin and its inactive precursor prethrombin 2 has indicated that SC activates ProT by inserting its N-terminal dipeptide Ile1-Val2 into the ProT Ile16 pocket, forming a salt bridge with ProT's Asp194, thereby stabilizing the active conformation. We hypothesized that these N-terminal SC residues modulate ProT binding and activation. Here, we generated labeled SC(1–246) as a probe for competitively defining the affinities of N-terminal SC(1–246) variants preselected by modeling. Using ProT(R155Q,R271Q,R284Q) (ProTQQQ), a variant refractory to prothrombinase- or thrombin-mediated cleavage, we observed variant affinities between ∼1 and 650 nm and activation potencies ranging from 1.8-fold that of WT SC(1–246) to complete loss of function. Substrate binding to ProTQQQ caused allosteric tightening of the affinity of most SC(1–246) variants, consistent with zymogen activation through occupation of the specificity pocket. Conservative changes at positions 1 and 2 were well-tolerated, with Val1-Val2, Ile1-Ala2, and Leu1-Val2 variants exhibiting ProTQQQ affinity and activation potency comparable with WT SC(1–246). Weaker binding variants typically had reduced activation rates, although at near-saturating ProTQQQ levels, several variants exhibited limiting rates similar to or higher than that of WT SC(1–246). The Ile16 pocket in ProTQQQ appears to favor nonpolar, nonaromatic residues at SC positions 1 and 2. Our results suggest that SC variants other than WT Ile1-Val2-Thr3 might emerge with similar ProT-activating efficiency. Full Article
ind Recent Asylum Seeker and Refugee Arrivals to Germany Are Getting into Labor Force More Quickly, Survey Finds By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Wed, 18 Dec 2019 08:46:51 -0500 WASHINGTON — Asylum seekers and refugees who arrived in Germany in the leadup to and during the 2015-16 European migration crisis have integrated into the labor market at a slightly faster rate than previous refugee cohorts, a Migration Policy Institute (MPI) report finds. Full Article
ind MPI Analysis of All State ESSA Accountability Plans Finds Fractured Picture of Education Policy for English Learners & Differing Approaches By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Tue, 11 Feb 2020 16:45:31 -0500 WASHINGTON – Four years since the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) was signed into law, all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have developed accountability plans that include blueprints for serving English Learners (ELs), as well as measuring these students’ progress and being accountable for their outcomes. This marked a significant development, as EL performance was previously not well integrated with factors that determined whether a school was performing well or poorly. Full Article
ind Global Demand for Medical Professionals Drives Indians Abroad Despite Acute Domestic Health-Care Worker Shortages By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Tue, 21 Jan 2020 10:02:55 -0500 India is the world's largest source for immigrant physicians, and for Indian-trained doctors and nurses the allure of working abroad is strong despite an acute domestic shortage of health-care workers. Against this pull, the Indian government has enacted a number of policies to limit and regulate the emigration of health-care professionals, though these have been more ad hoc in nature and not part of a fully realized strategy. Full Article
ind Betel leaf with seared scallops, lime and sticky tamarind sauce By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Fri, 03 Jun 2016 12:26:00 +1000 Seafood in a different way by the Golden Pig. Full Article ABC Local brisbane Lifestyle and Leisure:Recipes:All Australia:QLD:All Australia:QLD:Brisbane 4000
ind Greek cauliflower with a minted maple and tamarind sauce By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Thu, 23 Jun 2016 13:11:00 +1000 150g panko crumbs 1 clove of crushed garlic 1 tsp. ground ginger 2 tsps. curry powder 1 tsp. ground cumin 2 tsps. ground coriander 1 tsp. black mustard seeds 1 tsp. chilli flakes 2 tsps. caster sugar Pinch of salt 3 free range eggs, beaten 100g plain flour with a pinch of salt 1 cauliflower, broken in to small florets Sunflower oil for deep frying Sauce: Handful of chopped parsley Handful of chopped coriander leaves Handful of chopped mint leaves 1 tbsp. tamarind paste 1 tsp. maple syrup 1 tbsp. olive oil 2 tsps. lime juice Pinch of salt 2 tbsps. water Full Article ABC Local widebay Lifestyle and Leisure:Recipes:All Australia:QLD:Bundaberg 4670
ind Flinders island lamb saddle, crushed peppered turnip, fried salt bush By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Tue, 19 Jul 2016 14:22:00 +1000 This recipe features on Foodie Tuesday, a weekly segment on 774 Drive with Raf Epstein, 3.30PM, courtesy of David Hall of Pure South Dining Full Article ABC Local melbourne Lifestyle and Leisure:Recipes:Main Australia:VIC:Melbourne 3000
ind British brown Windsor soup By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Fri, 23 Sep 2016 13:51:00 +1000 1 large knob butter olive oil 500g chuck steak, diced 1 tablespoon Marmite 1 splash of Worcestershire sauce 1 red onion, peeled and chopped 2 carrots, peeled and chopped 3 sticks of celery, trimmed and chopped 1 bay leaf 1 sprig of fresh rosemary 1 tablespoon flour Good pinch of sea salt freshly ground black pepper 2 litres beef stock 150g pearl barley Full Article ABC Local widebay Lifestyle and Leisure:Recipes:All Australia:QLD:Bundaberg 4670
ind Indian mango kulfi with maple, oat and ginger crumb By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Thu, 30 Mar 2017 12:05:00 +1000 Mango kulfi: 1 cup condensed milk 60g butter 1 tsp. vanilla extract 250 ml (1 cup) mango puree, frozen mangos are fine Oat-ginger crumb: 1/2 cup coconut oil 20g butter 125 ml 1/2 cup maple syrup 90 g (1 cup) rolled oats 1 tbsp. ground ginger 1/4 cup desiccated coconut Full Article ABC Local widebay Lifestyle and Leisure:Recipes:All Australia:QLD:Bundaberg 4670
ind Indian 5 spiced potatoes By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Wed, 12 Apr 2017 13:30:00 +1000 3 tbsps. coconut oil oil 2 tbsps. panch phoran spice mix 1 large onion, finely chopped 2 long green chillies, sliced lengthways 6 curry leaves 2 garlic cloves, crushed 1 tbsps. grated ginger 1 tsp. ground turmeric 4 large potatoes, peeled and diced Panch phoran spice mix: 3 tbsp. brown mustard seeds 3 tbsp. fennel seeds 3 tbsp. Nigella seeds 3 tbsp. cumin seeds salt, to taste chopped coriander leaves, to serve Full Article ABC Local widebay Lifestyle and Leisure:Recipes:All Australia:QLD:Bundaberg 4670
ind Indian cauliflower rice and coriander pesto By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Thu, 20 Apr 2017 12:50:00 +1000 Cauliflower rice: 1 head cauliflower, cut into florets 2 tbsps. ghee Coriander pesto: 1 large bunch coriander 1 garlic clove 1/4 cup cashews 2 tbsps. parmesan, finely grated 1 lime, zested and juiced 3 tbsps. coconut oil Full Article ABC Local widebay Lifestyle and Leisure:Recipes:All Australia:QLD:Bundaberg 4670
ind Sammy and Bishoo spark India collapse By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Tue, 08 Nov 2011 07:32:00 +1100 Darren Sammy and Devendra Bishoo shared five wickets to trigger India's collapse on the second day of the opening Test against the West Indies in New Delhi. Full Article
ind Inoreader mobile apps updated to support Automatic Night Mode, Microblogs, Sort by Magic and popularity indicators. By blog.inoreader.com Published On :: Thu, 20 Feb 2020 09:05:38 +0000 Hey, it’s been quite some time without updates on this front, but our latest updates to our Android and iOS… Full Article Uncategorized
ind Thinking with AND: Insights from KIND’s story By brandleadership.wordpress.com Published On :: Fri, 24 Jun 2016 16:29:46 +0000 “I’m a confused Mexican Jew.” So says Daniel Lubetzky, Founder and CEO of KIND Snack, in his very personal interview with Columbia faculty member David Rogers at BRITE ’16. Their discussion touched on the many ideas behind KIND Snacks, from the beginnings of the company, to the strategic thinking that forces Lubetzky to stay away […] Full Article *Gabriela Torres Patiño Brand Strategy Brand Value Business Values Consumer Insights Event Leadership Marketing Video
ind Diapression: An Integrated Model for Understanding the Experience of Individuals With Co-Occurring Diabetes and Depression By clinical.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2011-04-01 Paul CiechanowskiApr 1, 2011; 29:43-49Feature Articles Full Article
ind Mind or Stomach? Imagination or Necessity? By decisions-and-info-gaps.blogspot.com Published On :: Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:12:00 +0000 "An army marches on its stomach" said Napoleon, who is also credited with saying "Imagination rules the world". Is history driven by raw necessity and elementary needs? Or is history hewn by people from their imagination, dreams and ideas?The answer is simple: 'Both'. The challenge is to untangle imagination from necessity. Consider these examples:An ancient Jewish saying is "Without flour, there is no Torah. Without Torah there is no flour." (Avot 3:17) Scholars don't eat much, but they do need to eat. And if you feed them, they produce wonders.Give a typewriter to a monkey and he might eventually tap out Shakespeare's sonnets, but it's not very likely. Give that monkey an inventive mind and he will produce poetry, a vaccine against polio, and the atom bomb. Why the bomb? He needed it.Necessity is the mother of invention, they say, but it's actually a two-way street. For instance, human inventiveness includes dreams of cosmic domination, leading to war. Hence the need for that bomb. Satisfying a need, like the need for flour, induces inventiveness. And this inventiveness, like the discovery of genetically modified organisms, creates new needs. Necessity induces inventiveness, and inventiveness creates new dangers, challenges and needs. This cycle is endless because the realm of imagination is boundless, far greater than prosaic reality, as we discussed elsewhere.Imagination and necessity are intertwined, but still are quite different. Necessity focusses primarily on what we know, while imagination focusses on the unknown.We know from experience that we need food, shelter, warmth, love, and so on. These requirements force themselves on our awareness. Even the need for protection against surprise is known, though the surprise is not.Imagination operates in the realm of the unknown. We seek the new, the interesting, or the frightful. Imagination feeds our fears of the unknown and nurtures our hopes for the unimaginable. We explore the bounds of the possible and try breaking through to the impossible.Mind or stomach? Imagination or necessity? Every 'known' has an 'unknown' lurking behind it, and every 'unknown' may some day be discovered or dreamed into existence. Every mind has a stomach, and a stomach with no mind is not human. Full Article
ind How One Simple Strategy Changed the Candy Industry By feeds.feedblitz.com Published On :: Mon, 27 Jan 2020 16:41:38 +0000 A century ago, Edward Noble sold billions of Life Savers in a few years with a different approach to marketing mints. The post How One Simple Strategy Changed the Candy Industry appeared first on Neuromarketing. Full Article Neuromarketing candy convenience customer experience cx edward noble friction
ind New JHBS: Mind-Body Medicine Before Freud, Psychology and Biography, Jung and Einstein By ahp.apps01.yorku.ca Published On :: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 12:54:00 +0000 The Spring 2020 issue of the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences is now online. Full details about contributions to this issue follow below. “Practicing mind-body medicine before Freud: John G. Gehring, the “Wizard of the Androscoggin”” by. Ben Harris and Courtney J. Stevens. Abstract: This article describes the psychotherapy practice of physician … Continue reading New JHBS: Mind-Body Medicine Before Freud, Psychology and Biography, Jung and Einstein → Full Article General
ind A camera that can see around corners | David Lindell By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 24 Mar 2020 15:14:45 +0000 To work safely, self-driving cars must avoid obstacles -- including those just out of sight. And for this to happen, we need technology that sees better than humans can, says electrical engineer David Lindell. Buckle up for a quick, groundbreaking tech demo as Lindell explains the significant and versatile potential of a high-speed camera that can detect objects hidden around corners. Full Article Higher Education
ind Indigenous knowledge meets science to solve climate change | Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 27 Mar 2020 14:55:23 +0000 To tackle a problem as large as climate change, we need both science and Indigenous wisdom, says environmental activist Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim. In this engaging talk, she shares how her nomadic community in Chad is working closely with scientists to restore endangered ecosystems -- and offers lessons on how to create more resilient communities. Full Article Higher Education
ind In uncertain times, think like a mother | Yifat Susskind By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 06 Apr 2020 14:50:53 +0000 There's a simple and powerful way to confront the world's most pressing crises, says women's rights activist Yifat Susskind: think like a mother. As she puts it: "When you think like a mother, you prioritize the needs of the many, not the whims of the few." Follow along as she shares moving stories of people around the world who embody this mindset -- and shows how it can also help you see beyond suffering and act to build a better world. Full Article Higher Education
ind A history of Indigenous languages -- and how to revitalize them | Lindsay Morcom By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 07 Apr 2020 20:17:14 +0000 Indigenous languages across North America are under threat of extinction due to the colonial legacy of cultural erasure, says linguist Lindsay Morcom. Highlighting grassroots strategies developed by the Anishinaabe people of Canada to revive their language and community, Morcom makes a passionate case for enacting policies that could protect Indigenous heritage for generations to come. Full Article Higher Education
ind How the coronavirus is impacting India -- and what needs to happen next | Gayathri Vasudevan By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 14:49:10 +0000 The coronavirus pandemic put India's population of 1.3 billion into an extreme and sudden lockdown. Social entrepreneur Gayathri Vasudevan explains how the situation is impacting the country's migrant workers, who are stuck far from home with limited access to food and shelter, and calls for an overhaul of India's social infrastructure in order to get people the essentials they need right now. (This virtual conversation is part of the TED Connects series, hosted by current affairs curator Whitney Pennington Rodgers. Recorded April 9, 2020) Full Article Higher Education
ind How to shift your mindset and choose your future | Tom Rivett-Carnac By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 22 Apr 2020 19:54:31 +0000 When it comes to big life problems, we often stand at a crossroads: either believe we're powerless against great change, or we rise to meet the challenge. In an urgent call to action, political strategist Tom Rivett-Carnac makes the case for adopting a mindset of "stubborn optimism" to confront climate change -- or whatever crisis may come our way -- and sustain the action needed to build a regenerative future. As he puts it: "Stubborn optimism can fill our lives with meaning and purpose." Full Article Higher Education
ind Depression Behind Comedy: Kevin Breel By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Jan 2018 05:06:20 +0000 Comedian Kevin Breel goes behind the laughter to talk about what it's like to live with depression and why it's so important to combat stigma. Full Article All General Lecture brain comedian depression mental illness psychology suicide video
ind Here’s How The Online Status Indicators In Apps Influence Our Behaviour By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 13:16:52 +0000 By Emily Reynolds. People are often required to adjust their behaviour to meet demands of apps, rather than technology being designed to meet our needs, researchers say. Full Article Facebook Social Technology
ind Federal Watchdog Finds Risk of Head Start Fraud, Ranking Republican Seeks Hearing By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 02 Oct 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Officials have not done enough to prevent fraud in Head Start programs, the GAO said. The findings prompted Rep. Virginia Foxx, R-N.C., the ranking member of the House education and labor committee, to call for a hearing on the federally funded preschool program for low-income children. Full Article Virginia
ind Will Child-Care Services Help Recruit Teachers? Oklahoma District Aims to Find Out By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 12 Apr 2019 00:00:00 +0000 A small school district in Oklahoma plans to offer low-cost daycare services to its employees next year in an effort to better compete with larger districts when it comes to recruiting and retaining teachers. Full Article Oklahoma
ind Indiana teachers meet challenges for special needs students By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-04-30T15:39:35-04:00 Full Article Education
ind With camps shut, families face summer in the great indoors By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-05T16:59:27-04:00 Full Article Education
ind Curbing the Spread of COVID-19, Anxiety, and Learning Loss for Youth Behind Bars By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 04 May 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Coronavirus is spreading rapidly in pre- and post-trial correctional facilities across the United States, and the challenges of social distancing for students in regular districts are all massively compounded for students behind bars. Full Article Wyoming
ind Texas Illegally Suppressed Special Education Enrollment, Ed. Dept. Finds By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 11 Jan 2018 00:00:00 +0000 The federal office of special education programs said the state failed to ensure that students were properly evaluated for special education, as required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Full Article Texas