Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD) is May 16, 2024! GAAD was created to help bring attention and awareness to digital inclusivity. No matter your role on a project team, digital accessibility should always be a priority from start to finish. Why is accessibility so important?

• Over 1 billion people worldwide have a disability, and that number is growing every day
• 15% of people with disabilities say they never go online, compared to 5% of people without disabilities, according to Pew Research Center
• According to a survey by Click-Away Pound, 71% of disabled users are forced to leave a website if they find it difficult to use

Digital accessibility directly impacts people’s ability to access information, buy products, apply for jobs, engage in discussion, and everything else that people do online that is becoming critical for modern life. Accessible spaces even benefit people without disabilities, as it allows anyone to take in content though their preferred method (reading the captions on a video instead of listening in a noisy environment, for example), and often breeds innovation as engineers work to find the best way to be sure everyone can access information equally.

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has developed the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) in an effort to standardize digital accessibility. However, many websites unfortunately fail to meet these standards, leading to a lesser-quality user experience. WebAIM’s yearly report has highlighted some surprising statistics about WCAG across the top 1,000,000 home pages:

• The most common accessibility failure across home pages is low contrast text
• 98.1% of home pages have at least one WCAG 2.0 failure
• On average, there are 56.8 accessibility errors per page (this increased 13.6% from 2023!) 
• 16.8% of home pages had more than one <h1> tag

As you can see, there is still a lot of work that needs to be done to create a more accessible web for everyone. If you’re interested in learning more about digital accessibility and how to improve accessibility on your own projects, there are plenty of resources and online courses available. Resources range from free, to paid courses, to professional certifications. Below are some courses and resources that we recommend.

Free Courses and Resources

If you’re looking to introduce yourself to digital accessibility, these free resources are a great place to start:  

• A11ycasts with Rob Dodson - A series of video tutorials on YouTube that highlights topics including semantics, focus, the correct way to use a button, and a11y testing
• The Beginner’s Guide to Web Accessibility - An article by Dequeue University that summarizes why digital accessibility should be a priority, and how to determine if your website is accessible
• Common Mistakes with Using Colour in Accessibility - Digital designer Andrée Lange provides insights into how to take color contrast into consideration when designing for the web
• Deque Accessibility Resources - Dequeue offers a variety of free accessibility resources, including webinars, blog posts, and their accessibility testing browser extension, axe DevTools
• HTML Semantics and Accessibility Cheat Sheet - WebAIM provides a list of the most common HTML tags that have an impact on digital accessibility
• MDN Accessibility Tutorials - MDN is an open-source project documenting web technologies, which also includes an informative section on web accessibility documentation and best practices
• Section 508 ICT Testing Baseline - Outlines minimal accessibility testing requirements for federal agencies subject to Section 508
• WCAG 2.2 Quick Reference - WCAG are a series of web accessibility guidelines released and maintained by the W3C, with 2.2 being the current version of the guidelines. This page provides a reference to standards that websites should meet in order to meet current accessibility standards
• Web.dev Learn Accessibility Course - A series of informative articles ranging from beginning a11y topics, to more advanced topics including animation and motion

Deep Dives with Paid Tutorials

If you’re a developer who has experience in accessibility and want to dig more into the topic, these comprehensive tutorials will help you improve your a11y knowledge:

• Accessible Web Academy - Accessible Web Academy includes more focused a11y courses for designers, developers, content creators, and marketers looking to target specific topics 
• Inclusive Components - There is a free online summary of Heydon Pickering’s Inclusive Components, but you can also purchase an eBook on the topic. Heydon’s blog provides examples of a pattern library that bakes accessibility into each component
• Practical Accessibility by Sara Soueidan - Sara Souedien is a prolific front-end developer who specializes in accessibility. Her course, Practical Accessibility, is a comprehensive guide for all developers, from those looking to familiarize themselves with accessibility, to experienced developers looking to expand their a11y knowledge.

Advanced Knowledge with Certifications

• If you want to take the next step and become a certified professional in accessibility, IAAP offers professional certifications in digital accessibility:
  • IAAP offers five certification options, CPACC, WAS, CPWA, ADS, and CPABE
  • Deque University offers a curriculum to help prepare for IAAP certification exams
• The Department of Homeland Security also offers a “Trusted Tester” certification for Section 508 compliance
• W3C offers a free Digital Accessibility Foundations course, with an optional verified certificate ($99) upon course completion

As the world’s population and number of disabled users continues to grow, it’s clear that implementing digital accessibility in your products is more important than ever. By implementing the information from these lists, you can help users of all abilities access the content that you share, ensuring a better internet for everyone.

In the fast moving and constantly changing landscape of web development, codeless solutions like Webflow and Squarespace have emerged as an alternative to more traditional development. These platforms allow users to design and build websites through intuitive visual interfaces, and are viable solutions for many use cases out there. 

For the past several months, I've been working as a frontend development support specialist alongside one of our talented designers, Blair Culbreth, who is managing a large, established Webflow project. Here are my candid thoughts and impressions from this experience, along with some critical considerations for those looking to integrate Webflow into their own workflow. Spoiler alert: while Webflow has some impressive strengths, it also comes with limitations that can be both unexpected and frustrating at times.

What Webflow Does Really Well

Small Team Efficiency

Webflow truly shines for smaller teams or products, especially those with limited resources. For a team that’s just a single designer or a small development crew, Webflow can help lower the technical debt involved with getting a website to production. By mitigating some of the more complex aspects of development such as responsive design, cross-browser compatibility, and hosting, teams are able to focus on other aspects of the site. This makes it a strong option for startups, freelancers, or small businesses looking to create professional-grade websites efficiently and effectively without the necessity of a developer.

Animation Tooling

When I say professional-grade websites, I’m talking about more than just functional designs. Webflow has some fantastic animation tooling making it incredibly simple to build rich, full-page animations and interactions without ever touching a line of code. Users can create scroll-bound animations or interactive moments of joy all from the comfort of a relatively simple and straightforward GUI. Through the use of animation keyframes, you can elevate a static site into something that feels modern and expensive. Heck, I could even see using the animation tooling itself as a prototyping tool for design handoff in a more traditional web development process. This ability to easily add sophisticated animations allows smaller teams to produce polished, dynamic websites that rival those created by much larger teams with dedicated development resources.

Documentation & Education

Beyond its design capabilities, Webflow also stands out for its educational impact. The platform offers incredible documentation that covers core frontend principles, effectively bridging the divide between design and development. Through simple, digestible, and intuitive videos and written documentation, Webflow equips designers with knowledge that shores up many concepts and intricacies of web development.

Working with Webflow provides designers with numerous takeaways they can apply to future projects, including those outside the realm of Webflow. The platform educates users on HTML structure, CSS styling properties, and responsive design. This deeper understanding of web development makes designers more versatile and effective in their roles and inherently benefits communication between designers and developers, as their thinking will be more aligned with one another.

Navigating Webflow’s Limitations

Class Styles

Webflow's class-based styling system is a standout feature, especially to those familiar with CSS. It allows you to bundle properties into classes and apply them efficiently across different elements, minimizing code duplication. When used effectively, this approach facilitates the creation of reusable styles and design systems; however, mastering it requires attention to detail, similar to working with CSS directly, which can be made challenging within the Webflow UI.

Due to the separation of pages and content in Webflow, tracking down existing CSS classes and applying styles consistently throughout a project can be challenging. Keeping track of which class names apply what styles can be a struggle. While Webflow offers a Style Manager to help organize and manage classes, it can be difficult to use for quickly identifying how styles are being applied across the platform.

Moreover, the inability to open multiple pages in designer mode at once presents a significant frustration. Without the ability to compare elements across different pages simultaneously, users may face challenges in ensuring consistency and troubleshooting design issues efficiently. This limitation may lead to a slower, more cumbersome workflow, particularly in larger projects where maintaining a coherent design system is critical.

Another struggle with managing styles within the UI comes in the form of applying styles to combo classes. Combo classes are when you combine multiple classes together to create a variation or modified state of an element. Inadvertently applying styles to a combo class when intending to apply a style for the base class was a common issue I found myself running into, highlighting some challenges users should be aware of, especially when getting more familiar with Webflow.

These challenges underscore the value of implementing a strong and consistent CSS class naming system, such as BEM (Block Element Modifier). Adhering to a standardized naming convention will help mitigate some of the challenges posed by Webflow's class-based styling system, but it does come with the added overhead of needing to learn a new class naming convention.

Preset Web Elements

Webflow provides users with a diverse selection of default web elements, ranging from simple divs to intricate lightbox elements, which serve as the foundational building blocks for websites. These preset elements occasionally impose rigid structural constraints. For instance, when attempting to create a tabs menu with a filter, users may encounter a problem with adding additional elements to the tab menu block. This restriction forces users to either conform their design to Webflow’s constraints or devise creative workarounds to achieve their desired functionality.

Navigating such limitations can be challenging, particularly when striving to realize a specific design vision. It may involve exploring alternative solutions or compromising on the original plan. Yet, as users gain familiarity with the platform, those limitations can be anticipated, allowing them to develop strategies to circumvent the constraints.

Custom Scripts

One of the most powerful aspects of Webflow is also one of the most challenging features to balance. It requires careful management to avoid issues like performance degradation and increased technical debt.  It’s incredibly easy to have a website get bogged down with bloat, especially when a larger team might be working on a project.

Webflow lacks a built-in feature to view all custom scripts at a glance, making it difficult to track and manage them. Maintaining a documented list of all custom scripts used in your project and detailing their purposes and locations can help mitigate this issue, but that’s a fair amount of overhead to maintain. Additionally, custom scripts do not function in Webflow’s editor mode, requiring a site deploy for testing and troubleshooting, which can be time-consuming. 

The ability to add custom scripts opens up a world of options, including third-party plugins and libraries that can expand Webflow's native features. Tools like Jetboost or Finsweet can help fill in the gaps, and are oftentimes worth the investment as they provide relatively easy-to-use integrations that will make for a better user experience.

That’s all to say that applying custom scripts to a Webflow project is not necessarily bad, but should be approached with considerations on how to mitigate technical debt. Here are a few suggestions to help with integrating custom scripts into your Webflow project:

• Maximize Native Features: Use Webflow’s built-in features as much as possible. If a design can be achieved with Webflow’s interactions and animations, avoid adding custom JavaScript.
• External Development: Develop and test scripts in an external environment to reduce time spent deploying and debugging within Webflow.
• Reusable Components: Save frequently used custom code as reusable components to simplify maintenance and ensure consistency across the site.
• Regular Audits: Periodically review and clean up scripts to ensure that only necessary ones are loaded, improving site performance and maintainability.

Mitigating Difficulty Through Teamwork

I started this article by mentioning that I recently served as a frontend development support specialist alongside our designer, Blair, on this project. Blair took on the primary responsibility of building many of the pages, and I want to share more about our collaborative experience. Webflow is as close as you can get to building a traditionally coded website without necessarily needing to touch code, but that doesn’t mean there’s no value in having someone more familiar with the technical side of website building available. From accessibility considerations to complex layout structures, a lot of time can be saved by having a developer serve as a pseudo consultant on the project.

On numerous occasions, Blair reached out to me to help set up more complex custom implementations that required JavaScript or weren’t coming together as expected. By being able to jump in and solve those issues quickly for Blair, she was able to focus on building out the other pages. Similarly, I was able to audit and review her work to ensure it was inclusive for all types of users.

There are various development tricks we can implement to enhance user experiences for visually impaired users. For example, hiding text specific to a screen reader to provide greater context is a technique that a designer might not generally think about or even be aware of, but a good frontend developer would know to include. By being involved in the building process, I was able to highlight and advise on such instances, ensuring our project was accessible and user-friendly for everyone.

Conclusion

Webflow presents a robust solution for web development, particularly for smaller teams or projects with limited resources. Its intuitive visual interface and powerful animation tools enable the creation of professional-grade websites without the need for extensive coding knowledge. Webflow’s educational resources also empower designers to deepen their understanding of web development, bridging the gap between design and development and fostering better collaboration.

Webflow is not without its limitations. The class-based styling system, while efficient, can be challenging to manage, and the need for site deployment to test custom scripts adds to both the complexity and time investment required to build a project. Despite these challenges, many of the difficulties can be mitigated through careful planning and teamwork. Leveraging native features, developing and testing scripts externally, and creating reusable components are all strategies that can help maintain site performance and manage technical debt.

Collaborative efforts between designers and developers can further enhance the process, as seen in my experience working alongside Blair. This teamwork allows for efficient problem-solving and ensures that accessibility and user experience are prioritized throughout the project. By combining the strengths of Webflow with thoughtful collaboration and strategic planning, teams can create dynamic, user-friendly websites that meet modern standards.

Five years ago, without consciously trying, I would have noticed if a coworker was taking a break, feeling extra chatty, or looking hyper-focused. I got to choose whether to respond and how I might build rapport by responding (I’m sure I didn’t always get it right). Now that more of the Viget team works from home than in an office, I feel a loss. I have less awareness of other people's states of mind and fewer chances to demonstrate my interest. I need to learn new ways of connecting. 

I took notice when Adam Grant recently posted about pebbling: 

Sending memes, links, and videos to others isn't trivial. It signals that you're thinking of them and want them to share your joy. It's known as pebbling, based on penguins gifting pebbles to potential partners. Pebbling is an act of care. Every pebble is a bid for connection.” 

Grant acknowledges that the term "pebbling" comes from penguins, but he also uses the phrase “bid for connection,” which I associate with John Gottman. Gottman is a well-known psychologist who has researched marital stability and relationships. His work provides insights into how small interactions, or "bids," play a crucial role in building strong relationships. 

Gottman defines a "bid" as any attempt from one person to another for attention, affirmation, affection, or any positive connection. A bid can be as explicit as saying, “I had such a hard day,” or as random as saying, “Did you see the size of that red bird?” The impact of responding with interest (turning toward) or ignoring or dismissing (turning away from) significantly influences the quality of the relationship. A simple, “Tell me what happened,” or “What? No, I missed it!” can foster closeness and trust. Silence or something like, “Here we go again,” will spark feelings of neglect and distance.

Gottman's research is widely cited and has impacted my understanding of relationships.  I'm interested in bids for connection at work, particularly as our work environment has changed dramatically in recent years.

Connections at Work

Finding the right balance of work and non-work is a central challenge for most of us as we navigate demands on our time and energy. I generally hope work is a small enough part of a person’s life that they have time for many other things, but also that their work environment is engaging and meaningful enough that they enjoy it. I hope friendships emerge at work, mostly through collaboration or out of the gaps between responsibilities. 

As remote work has become commonplace, I find it’s harder to foster connections than it was before. The lack of proximity, and therefore organic social interactions, makes it harder for me to know my coworkers and be known by them. I’m not advocating for returning to offices. I’m noticing that after working with people for years in an office, I knew them better – their nerves before a presentation, their ability to set new people at ease, their grandma’s soup recipe, their knack for deadpan humor – and that made my life better. While many of my coworkers collaborate with each other daily through pair programming, design critiques, or iteration planning meetings, my work on a small People Team has always been less collaborative. For me, fewer organic in-person interactions means fewer interactions of any kind at work. 

The decline in ad-hoc opportunities for connecting impacts us all differently, but I am particularly interested because an aspect of my role at Viget is to nurture a strong company culture. For us that means a culture where we do excellent work, learn a lot, support each other, and – yes – make some friends. I’m looking for ways we can adapt our employee engagement efforts to the new work environment and evolve how we cultivate alignment.

The concept of "bids for connection" seems useful for understanding the building blocks of connection and, over time, friendships. As a mostly remote company, I want to be sure we’re asking: How do people make bids? How do others respond to them? What parts of the work environment encourage us to turn towards a bid? 

Bids While Distributed

There needs to be “space” for these interactions to happen across a distributed company, and we need to notice what is working and why. One opportunity for bids to play out is in recurring meetings. At Viget, we try to be efficient with our time, but we also build in time for informal interactions.  

Daily Stand-up Meetings

The discipline and project teams that do daily stand-ups are careful to keep them brief. These meetings need to be reliably quick-paced in order to fulfill their purpose. Still, without sacrificing efficiency, these meetings can spark strong bids for connection. Sharing work updates in small, daily increments encourages people to open up about specific elements of their progress. The specificity allows for connection in ways that broad strokes do not. Hearing someone say, “Progress was slow, but I’m finally done with the feature,” I might respond, “Oh, good.” But hearing someone say, “If I don’t figure out how to debug this API integration by noon, we need to update the launch timeline," gives me a chance to be curious, helpful, and invested in something very specific. 

Weekly All-Hands Meeting

Every Friday, our whole company meets for about an hour. The first 15 minutes are deliberately set aside for informal conversations and sharing, which mostly happens over Slack. We often play music or show a live stream of something noteworthy, like an eagle’s nest, to which we can react. Someone might share where they were when they first heard this song. Someone else might reveal they are an experienced falconer. The whole company gets a chance to see or hear these things, and while only a handful may react, we are all building shared awareness and memories.

Monthly Team Meeting

During a team meeting, a small group of same-discipline-peers comes together to talk shop, share lessons learned, or bond. These meetings allow for exercises that don’t scale to a whole company – like getting feedback or planning progress – and over time, certain activities can become team favorites. A monthly “rose, bud, thorn” or an annual “sharing circle” ritual prompts people to share in ways that otherwise might feel too awkward or vulnerable.

Another way to make and respond to bids for connection across locations is on Slack. Different kinds of Slack channels offer different kinds of opportunities.

Interest-based Slack Channels

At Viget we have channels like #woodworking, #sewing, #starwars, #hot-sauce, #gardening, #home-improvement, and many, many more. These types of channels allow people to go deeper than they might in more general channels. You know you’re talking to like-minded people, so why not dive fully into your opinion on robot vacuum cleaners?

"Random" Slack Channel

In our #random channel, I’ve seen everything from a heads up on free Firehouse subs to a recommendation for an estate planning system. The responses vary, too – sometimes they spark day-long conversations. At a minimum, posts will get a smattering of emoji responses and the impact can be significant. For example, a post might get a sympathetic :heart: but then a couple :same: or :it-me: come in and before you know it, there’s a subset of coworkers who realize they share the same rare phobia. I also think a share in #random can signal, “I’m between tasks. I’m open to distractions right now,” and folks can follow up with a DM.

Project-Specific Slack Channel

In channels where everyone is working on the same project with shared goals, stresses, and deadlines, we might see bids that build momentum. A PM might post something in the morning to encourage the team to rally behind a tough deadline. A designer might post mid-week, acknowledging the drudgery of certain tasks, implicitly giving everyone else permission to do the same. A developer might be slowly building a little arsenal of inside jokes and call-backs over weeks, dropping a note at just the right time to get others laughing. Someone might turn one of those jokes into a custom emoji that lives well beyond the project timeline and every time that inside-joke-emoji gets used, it's a bid for folks who worked on that team to recognize each other and reconnect. 

Recognizing Bids

We all grew up learning in-person social norms and have a mostly shared understanding of what’s considered warm, polite, stand-off-ish, or rude in the workplace. Now that we’re distributed, we may need to learn to recognize new signals and define new norms. 

A bid is an action that invites connection, but sometimes the action is so small, we might not notice it or realize it has potential value. Understanding the concept of bids can help us notice them and respond with more awareness. 

If we train ourselves to see bids for what they are and respond accordingly, we may get more mileage out of the limited impromptu interactions we have as remote coworkers. Actions like responding to an open-ended question in a Slack channel or acknowledging someone’s request for help during a meeting go a long way. Each response builds trust and camaraderie, even if in tiny doses. When a comment or question is ignored or dismissed, the negative effect is compounding; that person is less likely to reach out again.

Adam Grant said sharing memes and links are a way to invite someone to share in your joy.  At a distributed company, “bids” take a lot of different shapes, but they all communicate things like, “I am here,” and “let’s work together,” and “you can trust me.”

I’m encouraged to think we already have some infrastructure in place at Viget to support remote bids for connection. I’m excited to work with Aubrey Lear and others to find ways to evolve that infrastructure. We’ll continue to hire people who want to develop friendships with coworkers and who are willing to take personal responsibility for making and turning towards bids. Together, we can make sure Viget remains a great place to work as the workplace continues to evolve.

If you’re like us, you’ve likely built ‘page builder’ fields in Craft CMS using Matrix. But sometimes you need more than a block. We use Super Table to create ‘page sections’ that include some extra settings (like background color, controls for width, etc.). We can then nest a Matrix field to control page blocks within the Page Section (Super Table). This has worked well for us in the past but there's a new, simpler way to achieve this starting in Craft 5.

Upgrading a site from Craft 4 to Craft 5 can seem intimidating. Even more so when your site relies on complex content models like the one I described above. You might think, okay I'll upgrade to Craft 5 and then look into migrating to the newer method in the future. Well, now is the time. Verbb has announced that Super Table has reached end-of-life.  While there is a Craft 5 compatible version available, it won't receive updates. That means now is the perfect time to migrate your Super Table fields to native Matrix fields.

Craft 5 makes the process easy by converting Matrix blocks to entry types automatically during the upgrade. This guide will walk you through the process. We'll cover preparation, the upgrades themselves, and steps to clean up afterward. As you’ll see below, the process is actually quite simple and nothing to stress over!

Preparing for the Upgrade

The first step in any upgrade is preparation. Start by backing up your site’s database. This ensures that you can restore your site to its previous state if anything goes wrong during the upgrade process. We use (and love) DDEV here at Viget, so this guide will be leveraging it. But you can easily adapt the commands if you are not. To create a database backup, run:

It's also essential to familiarize yourself with the Craft 5 Upgrade Guide. This guide provides detailed information on the changes, new features, and potential breaking changes in Craft 5, helping you understand what to expect. It serves as a fantastic set of instructions to get your site upgraded.

The Upgrade Process

Once you're prepared, you can begin the upgrade process. Per the Craft Upgrade Guide, we will update Craft and plugins at the same time. Open your editor and modify your composer.json with the new versions of your plugins. The two for sure we will need to modify are:

Updating Super Table Fields and Templates

With the Matrix blocks converted to entry types, you need to reconfigure any Super Table fields to be Matrix fields.

Update Super Table Fields:

• Browse to Settings > Fields and edit any Super Table fields
• Change the field type from Super Table to Matrix (there will be no content loss when switching from Super Table to Matrix)
• Select the entry type to use (Craft has already created one for you)
• Save the field
• That's it!

At this point, you have removed your dependency on Super Table and have a page builder entirely built with Matrix fields. What were previously Super Table blocks are now a custom Entry Type and what were Matrix blocks are now also Entry Types. This allows you to have nested Matrix within Matrix thanks to Craft’s Entrification plan.

Cleaning Up After the Upgrade

After updating your fields and templates, it's time to clean up. First, uninstall the Super Table plugin. Navigate to Settings > Plugins in the Control Panel to uninstall the plugin. Then remove it from your project by running:

Thoroughly test your site to ensure everything is functioning correctly. Pay close attention to the entry types where you used Super Table fields, confirming that authoring and your front-end work as expected.

Additionally, you can also take this opportunity to clean up your fields and entry types. Craft 5’s reusable fields and entry types give you ample opportunity to consolidate and Craft 5 provides new utilities to make this process as simple as possible.

• fields/auto-merge — Automatically discovers functionally identical fields and merges their uses together.
• fields/merge — Manually merge one field into another of the same type and update uses of the merged field.
• entry-types/merge — Merge one entry type into another and update uses of the merged entry type.

That’s it!

Upgrading from Craft 4 to Craft 5 and transitioning from Super Table is incredibly simple, thanks to Craft 5’s automatic conversion of Matrix blocks to entry types. Super Table will no longer be maintained moving forward, and it's better to switch to the native Craft solution for better long-term support. By following these steps, you can quickly tackle the change and take advantage of the new features and improvements in Craft 5. With careful planning, thorough testing, and a few commands, you’ll have your page builder working again in Craft 5 in no time. Happy upgrading!