[London], 2019.

The womenswear line is new, and there’s already a variety of items to shop.

The superior colliculus (SC) is arguably the most important visual structure in the mouse brain and is well known for its involvement in innate responses to visual threats and prey items. In other species, the SC plays a central role in voluntary as well as innate visual functions, including crucial contributions to selective attention and perceptual decision-making. In the mouse, the possible role of the SC in voluntary visual choice behaviors has not been established. Here, we demonstrate that the mouse SC of both sexes plays a causal role in visual perceptual decision-making by transiently inhibiting SC activity during an orientation change detection task. First, unilateral SC inhibition-induced spatially specific deficits in detection. Hit rates were reduced, and reaction times increased for orientation changes in the contralateral but not ipsilateral visual field. Second, the deficits caused by SC inhibition were specific to a temporal epoch coincident with early visual burst responses in the SC. Inhibiting SC during this 100-ms period caused a contralateral detection deficit, whereas inhibition immediately before or after did not. Third, SC inhibition reduced visual detection sensitivity. Psychometric analysis revealed that inhibiting SC visual activity significantly increased detection thresholds for contralateral orientation changes. In addition, effects on detection thresholds and lapse rates caused by SC inhibition were larger in the presence of a competing visual stimulus, indicating a role for the mouse SC in visual target selection. Together, our results demonstrate that the mouse SC is necessary for the normal performance of voluntary visual choice behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mouse superior colliculus (SC) has become a popular model for studying the circuit organization and development of the visual system. Although the SC is a fundamental component of the visual pathways in mice, its role in visual perceptual decision-making is not clear. By investigating how temporally precise SC inhibition influenced behavioral performance during a visually guided orientation change detection task, we identified a 100-ms temporal epoch of SC visual activity that is crucial for the ability of mice to detect behaviorally relevant visual changes. In addition, we found that SC inhibition also caused deficits in visual target selection. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of the SC for visual perceptual choice behavior in the mouse.

The 15th-century edition of Hafez's "Divan" will be sold at Sotheby's next month

The pint-sized institution, which opened last year, is filled with 1,000 feline-themed knickknacks that journeyed with their owners from Ukraine

Tour world-class museums, read historic cookbooks, browse interactive maps and more

A recent excavation located the first physical evidence of the capital of the Maya kingdom of Sak Tz'i', founded in 750 B.C.

Universities, libraries and museums are among the organizations seeking personal stories about the pandemic's effects on daily life

These paintings, sculptures and illustrations honor the bonds of motherhood

Browse the collections for artworks with a CC0 license as part of the Smithsonian's Open Access Initiative,

A trio of young northern violinists recently joined their contemporaries across Canada for a project that aims to bring people together through music — while being apart.

A 17-year-old boy from Riverview, N.B., has died after the small motorbike he was riding collided with a minivan in Lower Coverdale, a settlement southeast of Moncton. 

Independent MHA Eddie Joyce is suing four people, including the premier, for defamation over the handling of a harassment complaint that saw him turfed from the Liberal cabinet and caucus in 2018.

Colloidal gold–antibody conjugates are easy to prepare and are an excellent choice for microscopic applications. Colloidal gold is an aqueous suspension of nanometer-sized particles of gold. Typically, chloroauric acid, HAuCl₄, is reduced with dilute solutions of sodium citrate, as described here. This will cause the gold to form small aggregates that will associate with proteins. Gold particles of specific sizes can be isolated and differentiated microscopically, allowing these particles to be used for multiple-label experiments. Colloidal gold-labeled antibodies are widely used in electron microscopy (EM), and can be used for light microscopy but require additional steps (silver enhancement).

The BIS Board of Directors has decided to invite the central banks of Kuwait, Morocco and Vietnam to become members of the BIS. This is the first such expansion since 2011 and will take the number of members to 63.

As a result of the pandemic, USPS, which has run at a loss for years, is even more cash-strapped. It expects to lose $2 billion each month during the pandemic. That prompted Postmaster General Megan Brennan to ask Congress for $50 billion in funds -- $25 billion to offset lost revenue from declining mail volume due to the pandemic, and another $25 billion for modernization.

Vincent Novara, Head of the Music Division's Acquisitions & Processing Section, describes his section's new teleworking practices during a global pandemic.

The 19-year-old has declared for the 2020 NBA Draft. If selected he would become the first player out of CEGEP program in Quebec to make the leap directly to the world's top basketball league.

Bengaluru's all-woman music collective Metronome to release a track for Mother's Day  Times of India

Kiuna College hopes to play an active role in the emergence of the next generation of Indigenous filmmakers and creators.

OPP are investigating a fatal crash that took place in Lakeshore Thursday night.

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Alexandra Stone and Blake Gillikin will serve as college marshals for spring 2020 commencement.

Student marshals will represent each department for spring 2020 commencement

Early Thursday morning, Apple announced it is awarding $10 million from its Advanced Manufacturing Fund plus manufacturing machinery design assistance to COVID-19 test kit collection equipment manufacturer COPAN Diagnostics.

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During the OM's Ride 2 Transform 2017 cycle tour, 17 cyclists biked 550 kilometres around southern Malawi, distributing AudioBibles and praying.

Topshop have announced their first ever vegan footwear collection, available from 10th April 2019.

An OM Arts student shares how picking up trash led to sharing the gospel in Israel.

To make up for lost opportunities for college admissions testing during the coronavirus crisis, the board plans to offer the test more often in the fall, including some test administrations during the school day.

Popularized by social media, new classroom arrangements are all the rage in K-12. But experts and educators caution there is more to it than just moving desks around.

George Forfar: An appreciation

Two recent studies of Teach to One: Math highlight the tension in math between grade-level-based accountability systems and approaches to instruction that enable more personalized paths to college and career readiness.

An EL Education school in Rochester, NY, shows that giving young children real problems to solve can instill the qualities students will need as adults.

Only 3 percent of adults think students are "very prepared" for college when they graduate from high school, according to a Gallup survey released last week.

In a new exploration of dual enrollment, the Education Commission of the States calls on states to rethink their restrictive policies.

In a recent high-profile case, Harvard College rescinded its offer to a school-shooting survivor after racist comments he’d written online surfaced. But how common is it for colleges to take back offers? And do students have any recourse?

Students from low-income families face a bumpier road than their wealthier peers, according to the National Center for Education Statistics' annual Condition of Education data compendium.

Rick talks with the CEO of Panorama Education, an ed-tech company whose college- and career-readiness tools are currently used each year in 11,500 schools.

Nutrition, sleep, exercise, and avoiding drugs are associated with not just better grades, but higher aspirations for college, a new study suggests

Marc Tucker explores why and how U.S. teacher education is holding our teachers, the profession and our schools back.

Building off of his piece last week, Marc Tucker looks at how the economics of higher education and lacking state governance combine to weaken schools of education.

Integrated or collaborative care intervention models have revealed gains in provider care processes and outcomes in adult, child, and adolescent populations with mental health disorders. However optimistic, conclusions are not definitive due to methodologic limitations and a dearth of studies.

This randomized trial provides further evidence for the efficacy of an on-site intervention (Doctor Office Collaborative Care) coordinated by care managers for children's behavior problems. The findings provide support for integrated behavioral health care using novel provider and caregiver outcomes. (Read the full article)

Many studies have demonstrated that the built environment is related to both collision risk and walking to school. However, little research examines the influence of the built environment on the relationship between walking to school and pedestrian collision risk.

Increased walking was not associated with increased pedestrian collision once the effects of the built environment and socioeconomic status were modeled. Safety was related primarily to the built environment and specifically features related to road crossing. (Read the full article)

Recent concussion research has examined the role of impact location (ie, the area on the head to which impact occurred); however, no studies exist regarding impact location’s association with concussion outcomes (eg, symptomatology, symptom resolution time, return to play).

This study is the first to examine the association of impact location and concussion outcomes in young athletes. Our findings suggest that impact location, as assessed by sideline observers/player report, is likely of little use in predicting clinical outcomes. (Read the full article)

The population of youth with chronic medical conditions is growing and many attend college. Yet we know little about US colleges’ capacity to identify and care for these youth, nor how transition guidelines and financing models should incorporate college health.

This is the first study to find that although many colleges can provide some clinical care for youth with chronic conditions, few colleges have systems to identify and track these students, elucidating gaps that pediatricians and institutions need to address. (Read the full article)