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Personalized food intervention and therapy for autism spectrum disorder management

9783030304027 (electronic bk.)




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Handbook of the cerebellum and cerebellar disorders

9783319979113 (electronic bk.)




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DNA repair disorders

9789811067228 (electronic bk.)




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Clinical Cases in Disorders of Melanocytes

9783030227579




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Anxiety disorders : rethinking and understanding recent discoveries

9789813297050 (electronic bk.)




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Negative association, ordering and convergence of resampling methods

Mathieu Gerber, Nicolas Chopin, Nick Whiteley.

Source: The Annals of Statistics, Volume 47, Number 4, 2236--2260.

Abstract:
We study convergence and convergence rates for resampling schemes. Our first main result is a general consistency theorem based on the notion of negative association, which is applied to establish the almost sure weak convergence of measures output from Kitagawa’s [ J. Comput. Graph. Statist. 5 (1996) 1–25] stratified resampling method. Carpenter, Ckiffird and Fearnhead’s [ IEE Proc. Radar Sonar Navig. 146 (1999) 2–7] systematic resampling method is similar in structure but can fail to converge depending on the order of the input samples. We introduce a new resampling algorithm based on a stochastic rounding technique of [In 42nd IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science ( Las Vegas , NV , 2001) (2001) 588–597 IEEE Computer Soc.], which shares some attractive properties of systematic resampling, but which exhibits negative association and, therefore, converges irrespective of the order of the input samples. We confirm a conjecture made by [ J. Comput. Graph. Statist. 5 (1996) 1–25] that ordering input samples by their states in $mathbb{R}$ yields a faster rate of convergence; we establish that when particles are ordered using the Hilbert curve in $mathbb{R}^{d}$, the variance of the resampling error is ${scriptstylemathcal{O}}(N^{-(1+1/d)})$ under mild conditions, where $N$ is the number of particles. We use these results to establish asymptotic properties of particle algorithms based on resampling schemes that differ from multinomial resampling.




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First-order covariance inequalities via Stein’s method

Marie Ernst, Gesine Reinert, Yvik Swan.

Source: Bernoulli, Volume 26, Number 3, 2051--2081.

Abstract:
We propose probabilistic representations for inverse Stein operators (i.e., solutions to Stein equations) under general conditions; in particular, we deduce new simple expressions for the Stein kernel. These representations allow to deduce uniform and nonuniform Stein factors (i.e., bounds on solutions to Stein equations) and lead to new covariance identities expressing the covariance between arbitrary functionals of an arbitrary univariate target in terms of a weighted covariance of the derivatives of the functionals. Our weights are explicit, easily computable in most cases and expressed in terms of objects familiar within the context of Stein’s method. Applications of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality to these weighted covariance identities lead to sharp upper and lower covariance bounds and, in particular, weighted Poincaré inequalities. Many examples are given and, in particular, classical variance bounds due to Klaassen, Brascamp and Lieb or Otto and Menz are corollaries. Connections with more recent literature are also detailed.




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Ordering & Payment




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Basigin Associates with Integrin in Order to Regulate Perineurial Glia and Drosophila Nervous System Morphology

The Drosophila nervous system is ensheathed by a layer of outer glial cells, the perineurial glia, and a specialized extracellular matrix, the neural lamella. The function of perineurial glial cells and how they interact with the extracellular matrix are just beginning to be elucidated. Integrin-based focal adhesion complexes link the glial membrane to the extracellular matrix, but little is known about integrin's regulators in the glia. The transmembrane Ig domain protein Basigin/CD147/EMMPRIN is highly expressed in the perineurial glia surrounding the Drosophila larval nervous system. Here we show that Basigin associates with integrin at the focal adhesions to uphold the structure of the glia-extracellular matrix sheath. Knockdown of Basigin in perineurial glia using RNAi results in significant shortening of the ventral nerve cord, compression of the glia and extracellular matrix in the peripheral nerves, and reduction in larval locomotion. We determined that Basigin is expressed in close proximity to integrin at the glial membrane, and that expression of the extracellular integrin-binding domain of Basigin is sufficient to rescue peripheral glial compression. We also found that a reduction in expression of integrin at the membrane rescues the ventral nerve cord shortening, peripheral glial compression, and locomotor phenotypes, and that reduction in the integrin-binding protein Talin can partially rescue glial compression. These results identify Basigin as a potential negative regulator of integrin in the glia, supporting proper glial and extracellular matrix ensheathment of the nervous system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The glial cells and extracellular matrix play important roles in supporting and protecting the nervous system, but the interactions between these components have not been well characterized. Our study identified expression of a conserved Ig superfamily protein, Basigin, at the glial membrane of Drosophila where it associates with the integrin-based focal adhesion complexes to ensure proper ensheathment of the CNS and PNS. Loss of Basigin in the glia results in an overall compression of the nervous system due to integrin dysregulation, which causes locomotor defects in the animals. This underlies the importance of glia-matrix communication for structural and functional support of the nervous system.




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Friday, April 30, 2010: "Boots" my favorite Border Collie




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With Many Countries Under Shelter-in-Place Orders, the World Shakes a Little Less

Geoscientists noticed the normal rumbles of human activity picked up by their instruments have died down as much of the world ground to a halt




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What do New Brunswick’s border rules look like and how are they enforced?

Now that the New Brunswick COVID-19 curve is flat, risk lies at the borders. What’s considered essential and non-essential travel, and how is New Brunswick making sure people coming in are following safety rules?




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Group looking for test case to challenge Higgs decision to close N.B. borders



  • News/Canada/New Brunswick

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Thunder Bay Border Cats strike out as 2020 Northwoods League baseball season officially delayed

The Northwoods League announced Thursday that its 2020 season will not begin on May 26, as originally scheduled, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.



  • News/Canada/Thunder Bay

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Closing of First Nation borders to keep out COVID-19 reinforcing racial divisions on Manitoulin Island

Tensions are rising on Manitoulin Island because a First Nation is stopping travellers on provincial highways that go through the community. But opinions on M'Chigeeng's attempt to protect its people from COVID-19 are not divided along racial lines. 



  • News/Canada/Sudbury

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Michigan Orders Flint Hospital To Reduce Legionnaires' Risks

Michigan officials are ordering a Flint hospital to take steps to reduce the risk of exposure to Legionella bacteria and Legionnaires' disease at the facility.




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At least 18 First Nations in northeastern Ontario close borders to keep outsiders and COVID-19 away

More than a dozen First Nations in northeastern Ontario have closed their borders to outsiders during the pandemic. It's creating some friction, but in the long-run could help to better define what Indigenous self-government really means. 



  • News/Canada/Sudbury

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Evacuation order and alert issued due to landslide risk in Quesnel, B.C., area

An evacuation order and alert have been issued for eight properties near Quesnel, British Columbia, due to risk of a landslide from flooding.



  • News/Canada/British Columbia

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American NHLers on Canadian teams taking wait-and-see approach to crossing border

Maple Leafs defenceman Justin Holl is ready to go. He's just waiting for the green light. Holl has spent most of the COVID-19 pandemic that shut down the NHL, and much of North America, at home in Minnesota since the season was paused March 12.



  • Sports/Hockey/NHL

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SOLIDWORKS Apps for Kids How-To: Order Content

Adding images, stickers, and text in Capture It is fun and exciting, but sometimes you need to get organized! Today we’re going to learn how to order layers, bring content forward, or move content backwards. Check out our blog throughout

Author information

Sara Zuckerman

Sara Zuckerman is a Content Marketing Specialist in Brand Offer Marketing for SOLIDWORKS and 3DEXPERIENCE Works.

The post SOLIDWORKS Apps for Kids How-To: Order Content appeared first on SOLIDWORKS Education Blog.




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Iran sentences Christian convert to 10 lashes for 'disturbing public order'

CNA Staff, Apr 23, 2020 / 01:30 pm (CNA).- Iran has sentenced a 21 year-old Christian woman to prison and lashing for “disturbing public order,” after she protested the destruction of a passenger jet by the military.

Mary (Fatemeh) Mohammadi, a 21 year-old Iranian convert to Christianity, was arrested on Jan. 12 after taking part in anti-government protests that followed the shooting down of a passenger jet, Ukrainian Air Flight 752, by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard (IRG).  Iran announced several days after the incident that the IRG mistakenly shot the plane down, resulting in the deaths of all 176 people on board the flight.

In an Instagram post on Wednesday, Mohammadi said her sentence of three months and one day in prison is suspended for one year. She was also sentenced to 10 lashes.

Mohammadi said she has been tortured in prison and suffered “terrible conditions” for “protesting against the slaughter of human beings.” She said she did not appeal her sentence “because the appeal courts have turned into affirmative tribunals.” 

The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) tweeted a condemnation of Mohammadi’s sentencing on Wednesday, saying that “No peaceful activist should be targeted on the basis of their religious beliefs.”

President Trump highlighted her case in his remarks at the National Prayer Breakfast on Feb. 6, saying that she “was seized and imprisoned in Iran because she converted to Christianity and shared the Gospel with others.

U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo also discussed Mohammadi’s case in a Feb. 12 interview with Tony Perkins on Washington Watch. Perkins is also the chair of USCIRF.

Pompeo said the U.S. was “deeply concerned” of reports of Mohammadi’s arrest, and said she was “targeted by the regime because she made the choice to convert to Christianity.”

According to the All Party Parliamentary Group for International Freedom of Religion or Belief, Mohammadi was “physically and emotionally abused during her arrest and transfer to Qarchak prison,” and was questioned about her faith at her hearing.

Correction: This article originally stated that Mohammadi was one of a group of survivors of religious persecution who met with President Trump last July at the White House, as reported in the Christian Post. It was a different Iranian Christian, Dabrina Bet Tamraz, who met with Trump, not Mohammadi.



  • Asia - Pacific

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Factors Associated With Seizure Onset in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a higher prevalence of epilepsy compared with general populations. In this pilot study, we prospectively identified baseline risk factors for the development of seizures in individuals with ASD and also identified characteristics sensitive to seizure onset up to 6 years after enrollment in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network.

METHODS:

Children with ASD and no history of seizures at baseline who either experienced onset of seizures after enrollment in the Autism Treatment Network or remained seizure free were included in the analysis.

RESULTS:

Among 472 qualifying children, 22 (4.7%) experienced onset of seizures after enrollment. Individuals who developed seizures after enrollment exhibited lower scores at baseline on all domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, greater hyperactivity on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (25.4 ± 11.8 vs 19.2 ± 11.1; P = .018), and lower physical quality of life scores on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (60.1 ± 24.2 vs 76.0 ± 18.2; P < .001). Comparing change in scores from entry to call-back, adjusting for age, sex, length of follow-up, and baseline Vineland II composite score, individuals who developed seizures experienced declines in daily living skills (–8.38; 95% confidence interval –14.50 to –2.50; P = .005). Adjusting for baseline age, sex, and length of follow-up, baseline Vineland II composite score was predictive of seizure development (risk ratio = 0.95 per unit Vineland II composite score, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 0.99; P = .007).

CONCLUSIONS:

Individuals with ASD at risk for seizures exhibited changes in adaptive functioning and behavior.




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Agitation in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder Admitted to Inpatient Pediatric Medical Units

OBJECTIVES:

Our goals for this study were to characterize the frequency of agitation in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) admitted to an inpatient pediatric medical unit and to identify risk factors associated with agitation.

METHODS:

Through a retrospective chart review, we identified every patient between 8 and 19 years of age with a documented ASD diagnosis admitted to a pediatric medical unit over a 5-year period. We performed a detailed review of each admission, with a focus on factors hypothesized to be correlated with risk of agitation.

RESULTS:

One or more episode of agitation occurred during 37 (12.4%) of the 299 admissions and for 31 (18.5%) of the 168 patients who met inclusion criteria. History of agitation (risk ratio 21.9 [95% confidence interval 5.4–88.3] for history of severe agitation; P < .001) and documented sensory sensitivities (risk ratio 2.3 [95% confidence interval 1.3–3.8]; P < .001) were associated with a significantly increased risk of agitation during admission. History of past psychiatric admissions was associated with increased risk before, but not after, controlling for history of agitation and sensory sensitivities. Psychiatric comorbidity, intellectual disability, acute pain on admission, number of preadmission psychotropic medications, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ASD diagnosis, age, and sex were not significantly associated with increased risk.

CONCLUSIONS:

Hospitalization can be challenging for patients with ASD. A subset of these patients experience episodes of agitation during admission, posing a safety risk to patients and staff. Characterizing risk factors associated with these behaviors may allow for identification of at-risk patients and guide targeted intervention to prevent negative behavioral outcomes.




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Therapy and Psychotropic Medication Use in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Guidelines suggest young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) receive intensive nonpharmacologic interventions. Additionally, associated symptoms may be treated with psychotropic medications. Actual intervention use by young children has not been well characterized. Our aim in this study was to describe interventions received by young children (3–6 years old) with ASD. The association with sociodemographic factors was also explored.

METHODS:

Data were analyzed from the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (AS-ATN), a research registry of children with ASD from 17 sites in the United States and Canada. AS-ATN participants receive a diagnostic evaluation and treatment recommendations. Parents report intervention use at follow-up visits. At follow-up, 805 participants had data available about therapies received, and 613 had data available about medications received.

RESULTS:

The median total hours per week of therapy was 5.5 hours (interquartile range 2.0–15.0), and only 33.4% of participants were reported to be getting behaviorally based therapies. A univariate analysis and a multiple regression model predicting total therapy time showed that a diagnosis of ASD before enrollment in the AS-ATN was a significant predictor. Additionally, 16.3% of participants were on ≥1 psychotropic medication. A univariate analysis and a multiple logistic model predicting psychotropic medication use showed site region as a significant predictor.

CONCLUSIONS:

Relatively few young children with ASD are receiving behavioral therapies or total therapy hours at the recommended intensity. There is regional variability in psychotropic medication use. Further research is needed to improve access to evidence-based treatments for young children with ASD.




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Screening Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Primary Care: A Systematic Evidence Review

CONTEXT:

Recommendations conflict regarding universal application of formal screening instruments in primary care (PC) and PC-like settings for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

OBJECTIVES:

We systematically reviewed evidence for universal screening of children for ASD in PC.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched Medline, PsychInfo, Educational Resources Informational Clearinghouse, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature.

STUDY SELECTION:

We included studies in which researchers report psychometric properties of screening tools in unselected populations across PC and PC-like settings.

DATA EXTRACTION:

At least 2 authors reviewed each study, extracted data, checked accuracy, and assigned quality ratings using predefined criteria.

RESULTS:

We found evidence for moderate to high positive predictive values for ASD screening tools to identify children aged 16 to 40 months and 1 study for ≥48 months in PC and PC-like settings. Limited evidence evaluating sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of instruments was available. No studies directly evaluated the impact of screening on treatment or harm.

LIMITATIONS:

Potential limitations include publication bias, selective reporting within studies, and a constrained search.

CONCLUSIONS:

ASD screening tools can be used to accurately identify percentages of unselected populations of young children for ASD in PC and PC-like settings. The scope of challenges associated with establishing direct linkage suggests that clinical and policy groups will likely continue to guide screening practices. ASD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant life span costs.1,2 Growing evidence supports functional gains and improved outcomes for young children receiving intensive intervention, so early identification on a population level is a pressing public health challenge.3,4




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Chronic Thrombocytopenia as the Initial Manifestation of STIM1-Related Disorders

Pediatric thrombocytopenia has a wide differential diagnosis, and recently, genetic testing to identify its etiology has become more common. We present a case of a 16-year-old boy with a history of chronic moderate thrombocytopenia, who later developed constitutional symptoms and bilateral hand edema with cold exposure. Laboratory evaluation revealed evidence both of inflammation and elevated muscle enzymes. These abnormalities persisted over months. His thrombocytopenia was determined to be immune mediated. Imaging revealed lymphadenopathy and asplenia, and a muscle biopsy was consistent with tubular aggregate myopathy. Ophthalmology evaluation noted photosensitivity, pupillary miosis, and iris hypoplasia. Genetic testing demonstrated a pathogenic variant in STIM1 consistent with autosomal dominant Stormorken syndrome. Our case is novel because of the overlap of phenotypes ascribed to both gain-of-function and loss-of-function pathogenic variants in STIM1, thereby blurring the distinctions between these previously described syndromes. Pediatricians should consider checking muscle enzymes when patients present with thrombocytopenia and arthralgia, myalgia, and/or muscle weakness. Our case highlights the importance of both multidisciplinary care and genetic testing in cases of chronic unexplained thrombocytopenia. By understanding the underlying genetic mechanism to a patient’s thrombocytopenia, providers are better equipped to make more precise medical management recommendations.




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Sleep Disorders in Adolescents

Chronic sleep deprivation is a common, treatable condition among adolescents. Growing literature supports a myriad consequences that impact overall health, behavior, mood, and academic performance in this vulnerable age group during a time when there are rapid changes in physical development and emotional regulation. This article reviews the epidemiology and health effects of sleep deprivation in adolescents as well as common disorders leading to sleep loss and evidence to support treatment. Although a variety of important sleep disorders may disrupt quality of sleep in adolescents, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy, this article will focus on common disorders that affect the quantity of sleep, such as poor sleep hygiene, circadian rhythm disorders, and insomnia.




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Management of Opioid Misuse and Opioid Use Disorders Among Youth

In response to the growing impact of the current opioid public health crisis in the United States on adolescents and young adults, pediatricians have an expanding role in identifying opioid use early, preventing escalation of risky use, reducing opioid-related harms, and delivering effective therapies. Research and expert consensus suggest the use of brief interventions focused on reducing risks associated with ongoing opioid use and using motivational interviewing strategies to engage youth in treatment. Because fatal opioid overdose remains a major cause of opioid-related mortality among youth, delivering overdose education as part of any visit in which a youth endorses opioid use is one evidence-based strategy to decrease the burden of opioid-related mortality. For youth that are injecting opioids, safe injection practices and linkage to needle or syringe exchanges should be considered to reduce complications from injection drug use. It is crucial that youth be offered treatment at the time of diagnosis of an opioid use disorder (OUD), including medications, behavioral interventions, and/or referral to mutual support groups. The 2 medications commonly used for office-based OUD treatment in adolescents are extended-release naltrexone (opioid antagonist) and buprenorphine (partial opioid agonist), although there is a significant treatment gap in prescribing these medications to youth, especially adolescents <18 years of age. Addiction is a pediatric disease that pediatricians and adolescent medicine physicians are uniquely poised to manage, given their expertise in longitudinal, preventive, and family- and patient-centered care. Growing evidence supports the need for integration of OUD treatment into primary care.




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Fin24.com | MONEY CLINIC: Which debt should I pay off first in order to improve my credit score?

A Fin24 user wants to know whether paying off a car loan or credit card will make her credit score 'look better.'




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Shots fired on Korean border

South Korea says its troops have exchanged fire with North Korea along their tense land border.




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COVID-19 new world order

Dear Editor,The United States' debt is some US$25 trillion. This debt grew by US$1 trillion in 35 days (April 1 to May 5). The US will likely not be able to permanently stop quantitative easing (money creation). This level of debt is similar to the US debt after World War II, but the US is no longer the factory of the world.




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TV: Grime artist Big Zuu prepares made-to-order dishes for UK comedians

Big Zuu is headed back out on tour - but not as we know it.




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Peace yes, but quiet? Rosemary Goring's Escape to the Borders

On the potholed drive home from the pub the other night, a creature ran into the beam of our lights. Long, low and lean, for a moment it looked like an otter. One has occasionally been sighted in our village, though like Loch Ness’s fabled monster this is a source of some dispute. But in another second it was clear that this beast was not from the riverbank but the woods.




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Rosemary Goring's Country Life: The Borders – a perfect place for modern, and ancient, self-isolation

One of the loveliest towns in Italy is the walled city of San Gimignano, an hour’s drive from Florence. When I first visited it was bleak midwinter and all but a few shops and cafes were shuttered against the sleet. Its claim to fame is a profusion of medieval towers, hence its hyperbolic label as the Manhattan of Tuscany. When I arrived these fortresses soared overhead, making shadowy streets even darker.




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Pritzker orders Illinois schools closed for rest of semester




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Desegregation Order Lifted on Georgia School District in Coronavirus Hotspot

Dougherty County, a largely black school district in an region heavily affected by coronavirus, is no longer subject to desegregation orders first imposed in 1963.




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World Health Organization Classifies 'Gaming Disorder' as an Addiction

For the first time, the World Health Organization has officially designated "gaming disorder" among its list of mental-health addictive behaviors.




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Calculation of Expected Body Weight in Adolescents With Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are characterized by preoccupation with weight and shape, which is manifested by a refusal to maintain a normal weight. An exact determination of expected body weight (EBW) is critical for diagnosis and clinical management of these disorders.

The McLaren and Moore methods present with several limitations when calculating EBW for adolescents with eating disorders. A commonly agreed upon method for EBW calculation such as the BMI percentile method is recommended for clinical and research purposes. (Read the full article)




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Lead Poisoning in United States-Bound Refugee Children: Thailand-Burma Border, 2009

Refugee children arriving in the United States have had higher rates of elevated blood lead levels than US-born children. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends blood lead screening of all refugee children within 3 months after their arrival in the United States.

This is the first investigation we are aware of to examine and identify risk factors for lead poisoning among US-bound refugee children living in camps overseas, before their arrival in the United States. (Read the full article)




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Co-occurring Conditions and Change in Diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Mixed prevalence rates of co-occurring psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions have been reported in children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD diagnoses remain fairly stable within a continuum, but some do not meet criteria for an ASD diagnosis years after initial diagnosis.

Co-occurring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions may explain, in part, why the diagnosis of an ASD may change with age. (Read the full article)




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A National Profile of Childhood Epilepsy and Seizure Disorder

Epilepsy/seizure disorder is known to be associated with a range of mental health and neurodevelopmental comorbidities, based on clinical studies, and on population studies largely conducted outside the United States.

In a nationally representative sample of US children, estimated prevalence of reported lifetime epilepsy/seizure disorder was 1%, and of current epilepsy/seizure disorder was 6.3/1000. Developmental, mental health, and physical comorbidities are common, warranting enhanced surveillance, and an integrated service approach. (Read the full article)




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Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Children

The number of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) continues to increase in the United States and other developed countries. Most prevalence estimates indicate that ASD is diagnosed less commonly in Hispanic individuals compared with non-Hispanic (NH) white populations.

Prevalence of ASD in Arizona’s population-based cohort is higher than reported previously. Prevalence in the Hispanic population and NH white population increased significantly over time, with a significant decrease in the gap between Hispanic and NH white prevalence. (Read the full article)




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Children and Adolescents With Gender Identity Disorder Referred to a Pediatric Medical Center

Studies in the Netherlands show that pubertal blockade at Tanner 2/3 prevents unwanted sex characteristics and improves psychological functioning. Endocrine Society guidelines (2009) recommend pubertal suppression for adolescents with gender identity disorder until approximately age 16.

This is the first study of a US cohort of children and adolescents with gender identity disorder. Patients were referred for medical treatment to a pediatric center that supports a multidisciplinary Gender Management Service. (Read the full article)




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Sleep-Disordered Breathing in a Population-Based Cohort: Behavioral Outcomes at 4 and 7 Years

Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with neurobehavioral morbidity in children. Prior related research has generally been cross-sectional or short (ie, 1–2 years) follow-up studies of a single symptom (ie, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, mouth breathing), with limited control for confounders.

Sleep-disordered breathing was assessed as a trajectory of combined symptoms from 6 months to 69 months, in more than 11 000 children. Sleep-disordered breathing was associated with 40% and 60% more behavioral difficulties at 4 and 7 years, respectively. (Read the full article)




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Mental Health Difficulties in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Cross-sectional studies have shown an increased risk of mental health difficulties in children with developmental coordination disorder. However, there has been limited longitudinal research in this area controlling for confounding factors and assessing the role of potential mediators.

Children with "probable" developmental coordination disorder at 7 years had a significantly increased risk mental health difficulties at 10 years. Protective factors for self-reported depression included high IQ, high self-esteem, good social communication skills, and the absence of bullying. (Read the full article)




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Maternal Metabolic Conditions and Risk for Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Diabetes during pregnancy has been associated with general development impairments in offspring; however, associations between autism and maternal diabetes have been inconsistent. Few studies have examined related conditions accompanied by underlying increased insulin resistance and their association with developmental outcomes.

This population-based study in young children provides evidence that maternal metabolic conditions are a risk factor for autism, developmental delay without autistic symptoms, and impairments in several domains of development, particularly expressive language, after adjusting for sociodemographic and other characteristics. (Read the full article)




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Pharmacologic Treatment of Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence of Publication Bias

Although several randomized trials have examined the efficacy of serotonin receptor inhibitors in the treatment of repetitive behaviors, there still remains clinical uncertainty as to whether these agents are effective in treating such behaviors in children and adults with autism spectrum disorders.

The goal of this meta-analysis was to examine randomized trials of serotonin receptor inhibitors for treating repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders. Although a small but significant effect of these agents was observed, this effect is likely due to the selective publication of trial results. (Read the full article)




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A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Tourette's Disorder

Omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are commonly used as complementary treatments in pediatric psychiatric disorders, including Tourette’s disorder (TD), and are well known to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, no studies to date have examined the effects of O3FA on pediatric TD.

This is the first double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of O3FA in pediatric TD. The results indicate that O3FA supplementation may be beneficial in the reduction of tic-related impairment for some children and adolescents with TD, but not tics per se. (Read the full article)




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Postsecondary Education and Employment Among Youth With an Autism Spectrum Disorder

Previous research has identified low rates of employment and postsecondary education for youth with autism, but generalizability has been limited by small samples.

Using national data, the authors of this study found that youth with autism are at high risk for no postsecondary education or employment, especially in the first 2 years after high school. Findings highlight the need for improved transition planning. (Read the full article)




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Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Epilepsy, and Cerebral Palsy in Norwegian Children

Prevalence estimates for neurologic and neurodevelopmental disorders in children vary widely, and there is uncertainty as to what extent the individual disorders overlap. Most previous prevalence studies have been based on survey data and not on specialist-confirmed diagnoses.

This study used nationwide register data to determine the proportions of Norwegian children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy and to study how the disorders overlap. All diagnoses were specialist-confirmed. (Read the full article)