Many teachers are tapped to teach physics without prior training or experience. A new study explores a possible solution.

Quiz yourself: How have educational professional development needs and interests shifted since the start of the pandemic, and how are schools and districts addressing these changes?

Believing you can change your life—and help others overcome setbacks—is an essential part of an effective school culture. Eminent psychologist Albert Bandura explains.

When you don’t know how financial products or services, such as the two-pot retirement system, it is easy to become mistrustful. Unfounded mistrust can cost you, but knowing the basics can help you make the most of what is available. Laura du Preez explains.

Pre-authorisation does not guarantee payment of your claim but it does help prevent claims that are denied or short-paid.

In a small neon-lit factory in Maputo, a dozen workers are hand-rolling premium cigars intended for the global market, seemingly undisturbed by the pungent tobacco smell.

OM’s Emmanuel Centre in Albania shines as light for children in the Roma and Gypsy communities.

Quiz yourself: How much do you know about how educators are navigating hybrid instruction and planning content for in-person and remote instruction?

This is the first time Biden and Harris appeared together since Election Day. 

The healing of her son, and one worker’s patient witness, leads an Argentine women to repent and accept Christ as her Saviour.

Senior leader shares valuable insights about tent making in the Arab world, learned from 14 years of experience working cross culturally.

French OMer Andre experiences that prayer can change the hearts of authorities regarding victims of human trafficking.

One woman’s risk of exploitation decreased when she learnt to read and write through OM's adult literacy programme in Bangladesh.

All eyes will be on the Congress and INDIA bloc as 31 constituencies vote in Assembly bypolls across 10 states, apart from Lok Sabha bypolls in Kerala's Wayanad

All eyes will be on the Congress and INDIA bloc as 31 constituencies vote in Assembly bypolls across 10 states, apart from Lok Sabha bypolls in Kerala's Wayanad

Russia has postponed its SKIF Photon Source, Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source modernisation, and neutron research expansion due to trade sanctions and budget issues. The sanctions restrict access to specialised equipment needed for these projects, now dependent on alternative sources. Officials remain optimistic about completing them by adjusted deadlines, though experts voice scepticism over continued delays.

The OTT release of Amaran starring Sivakarthikeyan has been delayed by a week as its strong box office performance continues, surpassing ₹200 crore in two weeks. Originally scheduled for Netflix after 28 days, Amaran will now be available mid-December. The film, based on Major Mukund Varadarajan's life, is directed by Rajkumar Periasamy. With audiences in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka filling theatres, this delay represents a rare shift to maximise earnings before its digital debut.

Manoj Mitra appeared in Satyajit Ray's classics Ghare Baire and Ganashatru

Vikrant Massey said, "That was the miscommunication, and I should have been a little more careful"

Pecans are not just a treat for your taste buds - they're also packed with health benefits.

Store-bought cheese is a go-to for many, thanks to its convenience and long shelf life. But what you might not realise is that it's actually doing some serious damage to your body in ways you wouldn't expect. Here's what you need to know.

The Delaware Division of the Arts Mezzanine Gallery presents Constanza (Cony) Madariaga’s exhibition, “The Knowing,” on view from February 2-24, 2024. Guests are invited to attend a Meet-the-Artist Reception on Friday, February 2 from 5:00-7:00 p.m. The title of Madariaga’s show is a reference to a Jay-Z quote that resonated with the artist. In an […]

How to calculate a leap year in SAS - the easy way!

The post SAS knows it's a leap year. Do you? appeared first on The SAS Dummy.

Google's Gmail update went live this week. Here's what marketers need to know

Founded in 1868, Tatas have become one of largest and most diverse global conglomerates. It is a name heard in almost every home in India and tens of millions overseas.

Microwave Office is Cadence’s tool-of-choice for RF and microwave designers designing everything from III-V 5G chips, to RF systems in board and package technologies. These types of designs require close interaction between the schematic and its layout. A new Training Byte demonstrates how the schematic-layout connections is built into Microwave Office.(read more)

Data sets are a powerful and easy-to-use feature in Microwave Office. Data can be effortlessly be swapped in graphs, and circuit schematics.(read more)

We have a big circuit having 12K gates totally and trying to show it in one page slide visually. But it is so hard for us to shrink it down from gate-level to module-level. Do you have any function like these:

• Toggle wires on and off
• “Right click” elements and group them into black boxes
• Quickly left or right align elements to clean up pictures

Have you ever wanted to write a DRC rule deck to check for space or width constraints on polygons? Or have you wondered how the multiple lines of an LVS rule deck extract and conduct a comparison between the schematic and layout? Maybe you've been curious about the role of rule deck writers in creating high-quality designs ready for tape-out.

If any of these questions interest you, there is good news: the latest version (v23.1) of the Physical Verification Rules Writer (PVLRW) course is designed to teach you rule deck writing. This free 16-hour online course includes audio and labs designed to make your learning experience comfortable and flexible. Whether you are new to the concept or an experienced CAD/PDK engineer, the course is structured to enhance your rule deck writing skills.

The PVLRW course covers six core modules: Layer Processing, DRC Rules, Layout Extraction, ERC and LVS Rules, Schematic Netlisting, and Coloring Rules. There are also three optional appendix sections. Each module explains relevant rules with syntax, concepts, graphics, examples, and case studies.

This course is based on tool versions PEGASUS231 and Virtuoso Studio IC231.

Pegasus Input and Output

Pegasus is a cloud-ready physical verification signoff solution that enables engineers to support faster delivery of advanced-node integrated circuits (ICs) to market.

Pegasus requires input data in the form of layout geometry, schematic netlists, and rules that direct the tool operation. The rules fall into two categories: those that describe the fabrication process and those that control the job-specific operation.

Pegasus provides log and report files, netlists, databases, and error databases as output.

Overview of Pegasus Rule File

The rule decks written in Physical Verification Language (PVL) work for the Cadence PV signoff tools Pegasus and PVS (Physical Verification System).   

The PVL rules are placed in a file that gets selected in a run from the GUI or the command line, as the user directs. PVL rules may be on separate lines within the file and can also be contained in named rule blocks.

Each line of code starts with a PVL rule that uses prefix type notation. It consists of a keyword followed by options, input layer or variable names, and output layer or variable names.

A rule block has the format of the keyword rule, followed by a rule name you wish to give it, followed by an opening curly brace. You enter the rules you wish to perform, followed by a closing curly brace on the last separate line.

  Sample Rule deck with individual lines of code and rule blocks.

DRC Rules

The first step in a typical Pegasus flow is a Design Rule Check (DRC), which verifies that layout geometries conform to the minimum width, spacing, and other fabrication process rules required by an IC foundry. Each foundry specifies its own process-dependent rules that must be met by the layout design.

There are three types of DRC rules: layer definition rules, layer derivation rules, and DRC design check rules. Layer definition rules identify the layers contained in the input layout database, and layer derivation rules derive additional layers from the original input layers, allowing the tool to test the design against specific foundry requirements using the design check rules.

A sample DRC Rule deck

A layout view displaying the DRC violations

LVS Rules

The Pegasus Layout Versus Schematic (LVS) tool compares the layout netlist with the schematic netlist to check for discrepancies.

There are two essential LVS rule sets: LVS extraction rules and comparison rules. LVS extraction rules help extract drawn devices and connectivity information from the input layout geometry data and outputs into a layout netlist. The LVS extraction rule set also includes the layer definition, derivation, extraction, connectivity, and net listing rules.

LVS comparison rules are associated with comparing the extracted layout netlist to a schematic netlist.

A sample LVS Rule deck. 

TCL, Macros, and Conditional commands

Tcl is supported and used in various Pegasus functionalities, such as Pegasus rule files and Pegasus configurator. Macros are functional templates that are defined once and can be used multiple times in a rule file. Conditional Commands are used to process or skip specific commands in the rule file.

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If not, follow the steps below to create your account.

• On the Cadence Support portal, select Register Now and provide the requested information on the Registration page.
• You will need an email address and host ID to sign up.
• If you need help with registration, contact support@cadence.com.

To stay up to date with the latest news and information about Cadence training and webinars, subscribe to the Cadence Training emails.

If you have questions about courses, schedules, online, public, or live onsite training, reach out to us at Cadence Training.

For any questions, general feedback, or future blog topic suggestions, please leave a comment.

Related Resources

About Knowledge Booster Training Bytes

Knowledge Booster Training Bytes is an online journal that relays information about Cadence Training videos, online courses, and upcoming webinars in the Learning section of the Cadence Learning and Support portal. This blog category brings you direct links to these videos, courses, and other related material on a regular basis. Subscribe to receive email notifications about our latest Custom IC Design blog posts.

Che(read more)

This blog describes how to efficiently use Virtuoso Visualization and Analysis XL.(read more)

This blog helps in demonstrating the use of Pin to trunk routing style which helps in enhancing the layout experience.(read more)

Which Analysis is Being Performed by Allegro in this Image?

A. Impedance

B. Coupling

C. Crosstalk

D. Return Path

E. Reflection

Simply answer by letter or include any reason to support your answer...

In an era of abundant and constantly evolving information, the challenge is not just accessing knowledge but understanding and applying it effectively. AI is a transformative technology that is reshaping how we learn, work, and grow. In this blog, we’ll explore how AI accelerates our knowledge acquisition and understand how it can relate to the process of learning, which connects with our daily lives.

The role of AI is to accelerate knowledge by personalizing learning experiences, providing instant access to information, and offering data-driven insights. AI empowers us to learn more efficiently and effectively in many ways. I won't go into much detail, as we are already busy searching for the meaning of AI and what it can do; however, I want to share one inspiring fact about AI. It can analyze vast amounts of data in seconds, making sense of complex information and providing instantaneous actionable insights or concise answers. I understand that humans are looking to speed up things, which can help us understand technology better and perform our tasks faster.

The main reason AI is in focus is because of its ability to perform tasks faster than ever. We aim to enhance the performance of all our products, including the everyday household electronic items we use. Similarly, are we striving to accelerate the learning process? I am committed to assisting you, and one such method is concise, short (minute-long) videos.

In today's fast-paced world, where attention spans are shorter than ever, the rise of social media platforms has made it easier for anyone to create and share short videos. This is where minute videos come in. These bite-sized clips offer a quick and engaging way to deliver information to the audience with a significant impact. Understanding the definitions of technical terms in VLSI Design can often be accomplished in just a minute.

Below are the definitions of the essential stages in the RTL2GDSII Flow. For further reference, these definitions are also accessible on YouTube.

Want to Learn More?

The Cadence RTL-to-GDSII Flow training is available as both "Blended" and "Live" Please reach out to Cadence Training for further information.

And don't forget to obtain your Digital Badge after completing the training!

• You can check out a free Online Version of the training above, which is available 24/7 for all customers with a Cadence Learning ans Support Portal
• You will also have access to our Training Byte Library then which is full of hundres of troubleshooting videos, like the following: What is Digital Implementation?
• You can find more instructions how to get the best out of the Portal in this blog.
• If you would like to stay up-to-date with the latest news and information about Cadence trainings and webinars, subscribe to the Cadence Training emails.

Related Blogs

Training Insights – Why Is RTL Translated into Gate-Level Netlist?

Did You Miss the RTL-to-GDSII Webinar? No Worries, the Recording Is Available!

It’s the Digital Era; Why Not Showcase Your Brand Through a Digital Badge!

Binge on Chip Design Concepts this Weekend!

Google Gemini may be getting its own iOS app

Check here each week to keep up with the latest from John MacArthur's pulpit at Grace Community Church.

MELBOURNE, Australia — An emperor penguin found malnourished far from its Antarctic home on the Australian south coast is being cared for by a wildlife expert, a government department said Monday.  The adult male was found on November 1 on a popular tourist beach in the town of Denmark in temperate southwest Australia — about 3,500 kilometers (2,200 miles) north of the icy waters off the Antarctic coast, according to a statement from the Western Australia state’s Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.  The largest penguin species has never been reported in Australia before, University of Western Australia research fellow Belinda Cannell said, though some had reached New Zealand, nearly all of which is farther south than Western Australia.  Cannell said she had no idea why the penguin traveled to Denmark.  Cannell is advising seabird rehabilitator Carol Biddulph, who is caring for the penguin, spraying him with a chilled water mist to help him cope with his alien climate. The penguin is 1 meter (39 inches) tall and initially weighed 23 kilograms (51 pounds).  A healthy male can weigh more than 45 kilograms (100 pounds).  The department said its efforts were focused on rehabilitating the penguin. Asked if the penguin could potentially be returned to Antarctica, the department replied that “options are still being worked through.”

“Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world?” (1 Corinthians 1:20).

Knowing Christ makes the believer wiser than the world.

Lawrence Toombs, in his 1955 article “O.T. Theology and the Wisdom Literature,” said, “Wisdom is to be found with God and nowhere else. And unless the quest for wisdom brings a man to his knees in awe and reverence, knowing his own helplessness to make himself wise, wisdom remains for him a closed book” (The Journal of Bible and Religion, 23:3 [July 1955], 195). It’s wonderful to have the book of God’s wisdom opened to us as believers.

Through God’s book of wisdom it’s easy for any believer to analyze the world. People who have no biblical background find it difficult to resolve controversial issues like capital punishment, abortion, or homosexuality. But the Bible has clear answers for those seemingly complex issues: If you take a life, you should die (Gen. 9:6); the life within the womb is a person made by God (Ps. 139:13); and homosexuality is not an alternate lifestyle but a damning sexual sin like adultery or fornication (1 Cor. 6:9-10; Rom. 1:26-27).

As a Bible-believing Christian you may not be considered “noble” or “mighty” by the world’s standards (1 Cor. 1:26) and may be seen as the refuse of the world (1 Cor. 4:13); but you have the answers to the important questions. Because of God’s sovereign, gracious work, you’ve been ushered into the wisdom of God through fear of the Lord. The apostle Paul said, “You are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God” (1 Cor. 1:30). Once you fear God, His wisdom continually flows to you. Paul told the Colossians that in Christ dwells “all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (2:3). Since Christ dwells in you, you possess the very wisdom of God!

Suggestions for Prayer

• Praise the Lord for the privilege of knowing Him and His will through His Word and His Spirit.
• Pray that you might manifest the wisdom of the living God so that the world sees Christ in you.

For Further Study

Read 1 Corinthians 1:18-31. How does the apostle Paul contrast God’s wisdom with the world’s?

From Strength for Today by John MacArthur Copyright © 1997. Used by permission of Crossway Books, a division of Good News Publishers, Wheaton, IL 60187, www.crossway.com.

• The Study Bible (mobile app)
• Grace to You Sermons (mobile app)
• John MacArthur’s complete sermon archive
• The MacArthur Study Bible
• The complete MacArthur New Testament Commentary series

Developing countries will need trillions of dollars in the years ahead to deal with climate change -- but exactly how much is needed, and who is going to pay for it?

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On the day following the US election, UN Secretary General, Antonio Guterres issued a brief statement commending the people of the United States for their active participation in the democratic process. He wisely omitted mention that the election of Donald J. Trump – who attempted to overturn the people’s mandate by inciting an insurrection in […]

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