Sleep is likely a whole-brain phenomenon, with most of the brain probably benefiting from this state of decreased arousal. Recent advances in our understanding of some potential sleep functions, such as metabolite clearance and synaptic homeostasis, make it evident why the whole brain is likely impacted by sleep: All neurons have synapses, and all neurons produce waste metabolites. Sleep experiments in the fly Drosophila melanogaster suggest that diverse sleep functions appear to be conserved across all animals. Studies of brain activity during sleep in humans typically involve multidimensional data sets, such as those acquired by electroencephalograms (EEGs) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and these whole-brain read-outs often reveal important qualities of different sleep stages, such as changes in frequency dynamics or connectivity. Recently, various techniques have been developed that allow for the recording of neural activity simultaneously across multiple regions of the fly brain. These whole-brain-recording approaches will be important for better understanding sleep physiology and function, as they provide a more comprehensive view of neural dynamics during sleep and wake in a relevant model system. Here, we present a brief summary of some of the findings derived from sleep activity recording studies in sleeping Drosophila flies and discuss the value of electrophysiological versus calcium imaging techniques. Although these involve very different preparations, they both highlight the value of multidimensional data for studying sleep in this model system, like the use of both EEG and fMRI in humans.

Solutions Catch Problems Early and Drive Cost Out of Designs

Sharing Information Between Design and Production Eliminates Budget Overruns That Erode Customers’ Profits

Ramac Analyzes Design With SolidWorks SustainabilityXpress, Finds Alternatives That Consume Fewer Resources

Medical imaging is no longer in Kansas, Toto, as a team led by Penn State researchers brings traditional black and white diagnostic images of X-rays and traditional CT scans into technicolor. The researchers developed novel contrast agents that target two proteins implicated in osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease commonly characterized as wear-and-tear arthritis.

Penn State Greater Allegheny’s fourth annual All Campus Day introduced the "Growing Older" common intellectual experience, aimed at exploring and understanding the complexities of aging, especially in a region with a significant senior population.

Nathan Levenson of District Management Group discusses how school leaders can improve the quality of special education even as they manage its cost.

Enacting sustainability practices continues to be a key initiative for organizations, according to a new report from the Penn State Arthur W. Page Center for Integrity in Public Communication. The report reveal ways companies can build stronger, more authentic connections with audiences by taking control of their sustainability messaging to shape effective strategies and drive behavior change across all levels of business.

A workshop by the OM team in Córdoba, Argentina gave 25 women new insights on coping with poverty and domestic violence.

Outdoor exploration allows children to have fun while making sense of the world around them and developing their critical-thinking skills.

Leaders from OM Latin America discuss the challenges and opportunities of ministry in the region during their annual meetings in September.

OM Chile's Intensive Training participants travel around the south of Chile for two weeks sharing the gospel, encouraging local churches and doing adventure activities.

Members of the Delaware Nutrient Management Commission approved an emergency order during their October 4 meeting to allow for a 180-day extension for properly staged poultry litter in Delaware Crop fields beginning on November 1.

DOVER, DE (March 11, 2022) – The Delaware Division of Public Health (DPH) Contact Tracing Team has launched a pre-call SMS/text messaging initiative to individuals who test positive for COVID-19. It involves sending a text message to COVID-positive individuals and providing initial isolation guidance and recommendations through a secure web platform before they receive a call from […]

Wilmington, Del. (August 3, 2023) – The Delaware Division of the Arts recently secured new funding from a national grant program to advance creative aging programs for adults aged 55+ in Delaware. Building upon the transformative success of the Leveraging State Investments in Creative Aging program, which catalyzed arts learning opportunities for adults aged 55+ […]

NEW CASTLE – The Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) announced today enhancements to the CostAware website, designed to help Delawareans understand how their health care dollars are spent by comparing the variation of average costs for different episodes of care and medical services based on actual medical and pharmacy claims in Delaware. […]

NEWARK – The Delaware Department of Health and Social Services’ Division of Services for Aging and Adults with Physical Disabilities (DSAAPD) will seek public comment on its proposed State Plan on Aging for the period of October 2024 through September 2028. The State Plan has been developed to meet requirements under Title III and Title […]

We live in a rapidly growing “digitalized world,” with an ever-increasing need for video/music streaming, gaming, AI/machine learning, etc. All of these propel demand on modern SoC design to quickly evolve the SoC by fitting more sophisti...(read more)

The silkscreen layer plays a crucial role in the assembly, repair, and testing of a PCB. You can add a variety of information to this layer, such as the location of the components, polarity, component orientation, on-off switches, LEDs, and testpoint...(read more)

A constraint is a user-defined property, or a rule, applied to a physical object, such as a net, pin, or via in a design. There are a number of constraints that can be applied to an object based on its type and behavior. For example, you can define t...(read more)

The package for Mattel's 'Wicked' dolls has a shocking error.

Engaging Arctic Indigenous Communities Meaningfully in Decision-making Affecting Their Food Security Engaging Arctic Indigenous Communities Meaningfully in Decision-making Affecting Their Food Security

The Academic Staff Union of Universities on Tuesday raised an alarm over a plot to sabotage the interest of public universities in the country. ASUU’s National President, Prof Emmanuel Osodeke, at an event marking the 2024 ASUU’s Heroes Day in Abuja, also accused the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund of working relentlessly to

Case study on Singapore explains the country's resilience to swings in capital flows.

In a case study on Korea, a VAR model is used to investigate the effects of capital flows on asset prices.

This brief shows how India sparked a digital payments boom and boosted financial inclusion through the introduction of its Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and outlines ways countries in the region can ramp up their own digital transformation.

Dolphins in the Gulf of Mexico have tiny bits of plastic in their breath, and this is probably a worldwide problem

Could potassium fortification be the answer we're looking for when it comes to battling our unhealthy addiction to salt?

Photographer Diane Tuft has documented how global warming is affecting bodies of water around the world

Title: Too Much Radiation From Medical Imaging?
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2009 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2009 12:00:00 AM

Title: Slowed Reflexes in Aging Could Be Due to Brain Changes
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2010 2:10:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2010 12:00:00 AM

Title: Encouraging Your Baby's Babbling May Speed Language Development
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2014 9:36:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/29/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Study Counters Critics of Plainer Cigarette Packaging
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2014 9:35:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/29/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Too Few Female Urologists to Meet Aging Patients' Demand
Category: Health News
Created: 8/22/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/22/2016 12:00:00 AM

Title: FDA Warns About Hand Sanitizers in Food-Like Packaging
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Space Travel Speeds Up Aging, Weakening of Bones
Category: Health News
Created: 8/4/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/4/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Exercise, Puzzles, Games: How Do They Help Aging Brains?
Category: Health News
Created: 7/21/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/21/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: AHA News: How You Feel About Aging Could Affect Health. Here's How to Keep the Right Attitude.
Category: Health News
Created: 8/19/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/19/2022 12:00:00 AM

A prefilled syringe (PFS) should be able to be adequately and consistently extruded during injection for optimal safe drug delivery and accurate dosing. To facilitate appropriate break-loose and gliding forces (BLGFs) required during injection, certain primary packaging materials (PPMs) such as the syringe barrel and plunger are usually coated with silicone oil, which acts as a lubricant. Due to its direct contact with drug, silicone oil can increase the number of particles in the syringe, which could lead to adverse interactions. Compliance with regulatory-defined silicone oil quantities in certain drug products, such as ophthalmics, presents a trade-off with the necessity for desirable low and consistent BLGF. In addition to its siliconization, the dimensional accuracy of the PPM has an important role in controlling the BLGF. The dimensions of the PPM are individualized depending on the product and its design and have certain tolerances that must be met during manufacturing. Most studies on ophthalmics focused on the adverse interactions between silicone oil and the drug. To the authors' knowledge, there have been no public studies so far that have investigated the impact of the dimensional variability of the PPM on the BLGF in ophthalmic PFSs. In this study, we applied advanced optical shaft and tactile measuring technologies to investigate this impact. The syringes investigated were first sampled during aseptic production and tested for the BLGF. Subsequently, defined dimensions of the PPM were measured individually. The results showed that the dimensional variability of the PPM can have a negative impact on the BLGF, despite their conformity to specifications, which indicates that the currently available market quality of PPMs is improvable for critical drug products such as ophthalmics. This study could serve as an approach to define product-specific requirements for primary packaging combinations and thus appropriate specifications based on data during the development stage of drug products.

Cellular plasticity in adult multicellular organisms is a protective mechanism that allows certain tissues to regenerate in response to injury. Considering that aging involves exposure to repeated injuries over a lifetime, it is conceivable that cell identity itself is more malleable—and potentially erroneous—with age. In this review, we summarize and critically discuss the available evidence that cells undergo age-related shifts in identity, with an emphasis on those that contribute to age-associated pathologies, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Specifically, we focus on reported instances of programs associated with dedifferentiation, biased differentiation, acquisition of features from alternative lineages, and entry into a preneoplastic state. As some of the most promising approaches to rejuvenate cells reportedly also elicit transient changes to cell identity, we further discuss whether cell state change and rejuvenation can be uncoupled to yield more tractable therapeutic strategies.

A STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonist GSK3996915 under investigation in early discovery for hepatitis B was orally dosed to a mouse model for understanding the parent drug distribution in liver, the target organ. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used to quantify the distribution of GSK3996915 in liver collected from mice administered a single oral dose at 90 mg/kg. GSK3996915 was detected with a zonal distribution localized in the portal triad and highly concentrated in the main bile ducts, indicating clearance through biliary excretion. High spatial resolution imaging showed the distribution of the parent drug localized to the cellular populations in the sinusoids, including the Kupffer cells. Additionally, a series of drug-related metabolites were observed to be localized in the central zones of the liver. These results exemplify the potential of utilizing MALDI IMS for measuring not only quantitative drug distribution and target exposure but also drug metabolism and elimination in a single suite of experiments.

Targeting the endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system for pain relief is an important treatment option that is only now beginning to be mechanistically explored. In this review, we focus on two recently appreciated cannabinoid-based targeting strategies, treatments with cannabidiol (CBD) and α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) inhibitors, which have the exciting potential to produce pain relief through distinct mechanisms of action and without intoxication. We review evidence on plant-derived cannabinoids for pain, with an emphasis on CBD and its multiple molecular targets expressed in pain pathways. We also discuss the function of eCB signaling in regulating pain responses and the therapeutic promises of inhibitors targeting ABHD6, a 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-hydrolyzing enzyme. Finally, we discuss how the novel cannabinoid biosensor GRAB_eCB2.0 may be leveraged to enable the discovery of targets modulated by cannabinoids at a circuit-specific level.