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Stop Using Ivermectin Veterinary Drug to Treat COVID, FDA Urges

Title: Stop Using Ivermectin Veterinary Drug to Treat COVID, FDA Urges
Category: Health News
Created: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM




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Toppling TVs, Furniture Sending Many Young Children to ERs

Title: Toppling TVs, Furniture Sending Many Young Children to ERs
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM




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How Do You Stop a Migraine Without Aura?

Title: How Do You Stop a Migraine Without Aura?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Can I Stop Menstrual Migraines?

Title: How Can I Stop Menstrual Migraines?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM




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AHA News: Obstacles Didn't Stop This Heart Defect Survivor From Competing on 'American Ninja Warrior

Title: AHA News: Obstacles Didn't Stop This Heart Defect Survivor From Competing on 'American Ninja Warrior
Category: Health News
Created: 8/12/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/15/2022 12:00:00 AM




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Here Are the Top 15 Anti-Inflammatory Foods for Your Diet To Reduce Inflammation

Title: Here Are the Top 15 Anti-Inflammatory Foods for Your Diet To Reduce Inflammation
Category: Health and Living
Created: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM




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More Athletes Are Getting Their Nutrition Through an IV. This Should Stop, Experts Say

Title: More Athletes Are Getting Their Nutrition Through an IV. This Should Stop, Experts Say
Category: Health News
Created: 8/17/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/18/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do I Make My Ears Stop Ringing?

Title: How Do I Make My Ears Stop Ringing?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 5/10/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/10/2022 12:00:00 AM




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YY1 knockout in pro-B cells impairs lineage commitment, enabling unusual hematopoietic lineage plasticity [Research Papers]

During B-cell development, cells progress through multiple developmental stages, with the pro-B-cell stage defining commitment to the B-cell lineage. YY1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor that is capable of both activation and repression functions. We found here that knockout of YY1 at the pro-B-cell stage eliminates B lineage commitment. YY1 knockout pro-B cells can generate T lineage cells in vitro using the OP9-DL4 feeder system and in vivo after injection into sublethally irradiated Rag1–/– mice. These T lineage-like cells lose their B lineage transcript profile and gain a T-cell lineage profile. Single-cell RNA-seq experiments showed that as YY1 knockout pro-B cells transition into T lineage cells in vitro, various cell clusters adopt transcript profiles representing a multiplicity of hematopoietic lineages, indicating unusual lineage plasticity. In addition, YY1 KO pro-B cells in vivo can give rise to other hematopoietic lineages in vivo. Evaluation of RNA-seq, scRNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and scATAC-seq data indicates that YY1 controls numerous chromatin-modifying proteins leading to increased accessibility of alternative lineage genes in YY1 knockout pro-B cells. Given the ubiquitous nature of YY1 and its dual activation and repression functions, YY1 may regulate commitment in multiple cell lineages.




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Roles of the ABCG2 Transporter in Protoporphyrin IX Distribution and Toxicity [Special Section on New and Emerging Areas and Technologies in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part II-Minireview]

ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is a membrane-bound transporter responsible for the efflux of various xenobiotics and endobiotics, including protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), an intermediate in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Certain genetic mutations and chemicals impair the conversion of PPIX to heme and/or increase PPIX production, leading to PPIX accumulation and toxicity. In mice, deficiency of ABCG2 protects against PPIX-mediated phototoxicity and hepatotoxicity by modulating PPIX distribution. In addition, in vitro studies revealed that ABCG2 inhibition increases the efficacy of PPIX-based photodynamic therapy by retaining PPIX inside target cells. In this review, we discuss the roles of ABCG2 in modulating the tissue distribution of PPIX, PPIX-mediated toxicity, and PPIX-based photodynamic therapy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

This review summarized the roles of ABCG2 in modulating PPIX distribution and highlighted the therapeutic potential of ABCG2 inhibitors for the management of PPIX-mediated toxicity.




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Utility of Early Postoperative DWI to Assess the Extent of Resection of Adult-Type World Health Organization Grade 2 and 3 Diffuse Gliomas [CLINICAL PRACTICE]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 and 3 diffuse gliomas account for approximately 5% of primary brain tumors. They are invasive and infiltrative tumors and have considerable morbidity, causing progressive neurologic deterioration. The mean survival time is <10 years from diagnosis. Surgical debulking represents first-line management. The extent of resection is associated with progression-free and overall survival. Radiologic assessment of the extent of resection is challenging. This can be underestimated on early postoperative MRI, meaning that accurate assessment may be achieved only on delayed follow-up imaging. We hypothesized that DWI may help facilitate more reliable estimates of the extent of resection on early postoperative MRI. This study aimed to assess the utility of DWI in early postoperative MRI to evaluate the extent of resection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A single-center observational cohort study was performed. All patients with histologically confirmed WHO grade 2 and 3 gliomas managed with surgical debulking between January 2015 and December 2020 were identified. Preoperative, early postoperative, and follow-up imaging were reviewed independently by 2 consultant neuroradiologists. The extent of resection was estimated with and without DWI sequences for each case.

RESULTS:

Two hundred twenty-four patients with WHO grade 2 and 3 gliomas were managed with surgical debulking between 2015 and 2020. DWI was not performed on early postoperative MRI in 2 patients. With the use of DWI, the extent of resection was upgraded in 30% of cases (n = 66/222) and classified as "complete" or "supramaximal" in 58% of these patients (n = 38/66). In cases in which the extent of resection was upgraded with the use of DWI, signal abnormality was stable or reduced at follow-up in 78% (n = 49/63). In cases with worsening signal abnormality, 64% were deemed to be secondary to adjuvant radiation therapy (n = 9/14). Eight percent (n = 5/63) of patients with an increased estimated extent of resection using DWI demonstrated signal progression attributed to true disease progression at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

DWI is a helpful and reliable adjunct in differentiating residual tumor from marginal ischemia in early postoperative MRI in WHO grade 2 and 3 diffuse gliomas and increases the accuracy in assessing the extent of resection. It should be used routinely in these cases.




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Ependymal Tumors: Overview of the Recent World Health Organization Histopathologic and Genetic Updates with an Imaging Characteristic [CLINICAL PRACTICE]

SUMMARY:

The 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS5), introduced significant changes, impacting tumors ranging from glial to ependymal neoplasms. Ependymal tumors were previously classified and graded based on histopathology, which had limited clinical and prognostic utility. The updated CNS5 classification now divides ependymomas into 10 subgroups based on anatomic location (supratentorial, posterior fossa, and spinal compartment) and genomic markers. Supratentorial tumors are defined by zinc finger translocation associated (ZFTA) (formerly v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene [RELA]), or yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) fusion; posterior fossa tumors are classified into groups A (PFA) and B (PFB), spinal ependymomas are defined by MYCN amplification. Subependymomas are present across all these anatomic compartments. The new classification kept an open category of "not elsewhere classified" or "not otherwise specified" if no pathogenic gene fusion is identified or if the molecular diagnosis is not feasible. Although there is significant overlap in the imaging findings of these tumors, a neuroradiologist needs to be familiar with updated CNS5 classification to understand tumor behavior, for example, the higher tendency for tumor recurrence along the dural flap for ZFTA fusion-positive ependymomas. On imaging, supratentorial ZFTA-fused ependymomas are preferentially located in the cerebral cortex, carrying predominant cystic components. YAP1-MAMLD1-fused ependymomas are intra- or periventricular with prominent multinodular solid components and have significantly better prognosis than ZFTA-fused counterparts. PFA ependymomas are aggressive paramedian masses with frequent calcification, seen in young children, originating from the lateral part of the fourth ventricular roof. PFB ependymomas are usually midline, noncalcified solid-cystic masses seen in adolescents and young adults arising from the fourth ventricular floor. PFA has a poorer prognosis, higher recurrence, and higher metastatic rate than PFB. Myxopapillary spinal ependymomas are now considered grade II due to high recurrence rates. Spinal-MYCN ependymomas are aggressive tumors with frequent leptomeningeal spread, relapse, and poor prognosis. Subependymomas are noninvasive, intraventricular, slow-growing benign tumors with an excellent prognosis. Currently, the molecular classification does not enhance the clinicopathologic understanding of subependymoma and myxopapillary categories. However, given the molecular advancements, this will likely change in the future. This review provides an updated molecular classification of ependymoma, discusses the individual imaging characteristics, and briefly outlines the latest targeted molecular therapies.




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Common clonal origin of three distinct hematopoietic neoplasms in a single patient: B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, and polycythemia vera [RESEARCH ARTICLE]

The potential for more than one distinct hematolymphoid neoplasm to arise from a common mutated stem or precursor cell has been proposed based on findings in primary human malignancies. Particularly, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), which shares a somatic mutation profile in common with other hematopoietic malignancies, has been reported to occur alongside myeloid neoplasms or clonal B-cell proliferations, with identical mutations occurring in more than one cell lineage. Here we report such a case of an elderly woman who was diagnosed over a period of 8 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, polycythemia vera, and AITL, each harboring identical somatic mutations in multiple genes. Overall, at least five identical nucleotide mutations were shared across multiple specimens, with two identical mutations co-occurring at variable variant allele frequencies in all three specimen types. These findings lend credence to the theory that a common mutated stem cell could give rise to multiple neoplasms through parallel hematopoietic differentiation pathways.





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Scotland second-top out of 12 UK nations and regions on key measure

Scotland was second out of 12 UK nations and regions on one key measure




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Joanna Cherry says SNP rules won't stop Flynn 'double-jobbing'

Former MP Joanna Cherry has said that the SNP rules which prevented her from standing for a seat at Holyrood would not block Stephen Flynn from doing the same.  




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RPG Cast – Episode 674: “Stop Sending Dragons, I Have Things to Do”

Jason and Robert have a weeb-off. Kelley dies for two days and wakes up in her own sweat. Chris goes to a store that's half comics, half anime, and half body pillows. Bullseye!

The post RPG Cast – Episode 674: “Stop Sending Dragons, I Have Things to Do” appeared first on RPGamer.




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Super Mario Party Jamboree Tops the Japanese Charts

Super Mario Party Jamboree (NS) has remained in first place on the retail charts in Japan with sales of 57,522 units, according to Famitsu for the week ending October 27, 2024. 

Farmagia (NS) debuted in eighth place with sales of 4,296 units.

Romancing SaGa 2: Revenge of the Seven (NS) remained in second place with sales of 14,646 units. The PS5 version fell from third to seventh place with sales of 5,097 units.

Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 (PS5) is up one spot to third place with sales of 8,620 units and Mario Kart 8 Deluxe (NS) re-entered the top 10 in fourth place with sales of 5,782 units.

Professional Baseball Spirits 2024-2025 (PS5) is up two spots to fifth with sales of 5,729, and The Legend of Zelda: Echoes of Wisdom (NS) is up two spots to sixth place with sales of 5,492 units.

The Nintendo Switch was the best-selling platform with 60,096 units sold. The PlayStation 5 sold 13,965 units, the Xbox Series X|S sold 2,610 units, and the PlayStation 4 sold 53 units.

Here are the best-selling games in Japan:

    1. [NSW] Super Mario Party Jamboree (Nintendo, 10/17/24) – 57,522 (364,484)
    2. [NSW] Romancing SaGa 2: Revenge of the Seven (Square Enix, 10/24/24) – 14,646 (85,013)
    3. [PS5] Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 (Activision, 10/25/24) – 8,620 (35,567)
    4. [NSW] Mario Kart 8 Deluxe (Nintendo, 04/28/17) – 5,782 (6,044,039)
    5. [PS5] Professional Baseball Spirits 2024-2025 (Konami, 10/17/24) – 5,729 (84,989)
    6. [NSW] The Legend of Zelda: Echoes of Wisdom (Nintendo, 09/26/24) – 5,492 (294,371)
    7. [PS5] Romancing SaGa 2: Revenge of the Seven (Square Enix, 10/24/24) – 5,097 (37,254)
    8. [NSW] Farmagia (Marvelous, 11/01/24) – 4,296 (New)
    9. [NSW] Animal Crossing: New Horizons (Nintendo, 03/20/20) – 4,253 (7,943,533)
    10. [NSW] Minecraft (Microsoft, 06/21/18) – 4,242 (3,666,338)

    Here is the hardware breakdown (followed by lifetime sales):

    A life-long and avid gamer, William D'Angelo was first introduced to VGChartz in 2007. After years of supporting the site, he was brought on in 2010 as a junior analyst, working his way up to lead analyst in 2012 and taking over the hardware estimates in 2017. He has expanded his involvement in the gaming community by producing content on his own YouTube channel and Twitch channel. You can contact the author on Twitter @TrunksWD.

    Full Article - https://www.vgchartz.com/article/463007/super-mario-party-jamboree-tops-the-japanese-charts/




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    Astro Bot Sales Top 1.5 Million Units

    Publisher Sony Interactive Entertainment and developer Team Asobi in Sony's latest earnings report have announced Astro Bot has sold over 1.5 million units as of November 3, 2024.

    Astro Bot released for the PlayStation 5 on September 6.

    Our own Lee Mehr gave the game an 8.5 out of 10 in his review and said "As an ode to PlayStation, Astro Bot succeeds at meaningfully infusing its history; as an all-ages theme park, it succeeds by infusing each location with an overwhelming sense of joyous wonder most often felt in Nintendo platformers, but with a level of technical sophistication not yet seen from its hardware."

    Read details on the game below:

    Join ASTRO on a supersized space adventure.

    When the PlayStation 5 mothership is attacked by ASTRO’s long-standing galactic nemesis, scrambling its wires and scattering the crew throughout space, only ASTRO can make things right! Setting off on his biggest mission yet, he needs your help to rescue the stranded crew and rebuild the mothership.

    Make the most of ASTRO’s new power-ups, handcrafted to level up your immersion: from springy punches and rockets all the way to a giant sponge!

    Buckle up for some epic PlayStation camaraderie, join forces with your favorite PlayStation icons and show the universe that small is mighty in this fresh new ASTRO adventure, exclusive to PlayStation 5 consoles!

    Features:

    • Embark on a galactic quest and explore more than 50 planets in search of ASTRO’s lost crew.
    • Dash, swing, and rocket-punch your way through this journey, with all-new power-ups.
    • Feel the world come to life via your DualSense wireless controller.
    • Team up with iconic PlayStation heroes to save the galaxy!

    A life-long and avid gamer, William D'Angelo was first introduced to VGChartz in 2007. After years of supporting the site, he was brought on in 2010 as a junior analyst, working his way up to lead analyst in 2012 and taking over the hardware estimates in 2017. He has expanded his involvement in the gaming community by producing content on his own YouTube channel and Twitch channel. You can contact the author on Twitter @TrunksWD.

    Full Article - https://www.vgchartz.com/article/463015/astro-bot-sales-top-15-million-units/




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    Final Fantasy Series Sales Top 195M, Dragon Quest Series Tops 91M

    Square Enix has revealed the lifetime sales for two of its biggest franchises Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest.

    The Final Fantasy series has now sold over 195 million units worldwide and the Dragon Quest series has sold over 91 million units worldwide.

    "The Square Enix Group also boasts a valuable portfolio of intellectual property including: Final Fantasy, which has sold over 195 million units worldwide; Dragon Quest, which has sold over 91 million units worldwide; and the legendary Space Invaders," said Square Enix.

    A life-long and avid gamer, William D'Angelo was first introduced to VGChartz in 2007. After years of supporting the site, he was brought on in 2010 as a junior analyst, working his way up to lead analyst in 2012 and taking over the hardware estimates in 2017. He has expanded his involvement in the gaming community by producing content on his own YouTube channel and Twitch channel. You can contact the author on Twitter @TrunksWD.

    Full Article - https://www.vgchartz.com/article/463021/final-fantasy-series-sales-top-195m-dragon-quest-series-tops-91m/




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    Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 Tops the PS5 PS Store Download Charts in October

    Sony has released the US and European PlayStation Store downloads charts for September 2024.

    Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 topped the PlayStation 5 charts in the US and Canada, as well as on the European charts. Dragon Ball: Sparking! Zero was number two in the US and Canada, as well as in Europe. Undisputed was number three in the US and Canada, while it was EA Sports FC 25 in Europe.

    Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 was the most downloaded game on the PlayStation 4 charts in the US and Canada, while it was EA Sports FC 25 on the European charts. Minecraft was number two in the US and Canada, while it was Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 in Europe. Red Dead Redemption 2 was number three in the US and Canada, while it was The Forest in Europe.

    Arizona Sunshine Remake topped the PlayStation VR2 charts in the US and Canada, as well as in Europe. Beat Saber VR was number two in the US and Canada, while it was The Dark Pictures: Switchback VR in Europe. The Dark Pictures: Switchback VR was number three in the US and Canada, while it was Metro Awakening in Europe.

    ASTRO BOT Rescue Mission topped the PlayStation VR charts in the US and Canada, while it was Batman: Arkham VR in Europe. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim VR was number two in the US and Canada, while it was The Exorcist: Legion VR in Europe.

    Throne and Liberty topped the free-to-play US and Canada charts, and in Europe. Fortnite was number two in the US and Canada, and in Europe.

    Here is the complete list of charts:

    PS5 Games

    US/Canada EU
    Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 Call of Duty: Black Ops 6
    DRAGON BALL: Sparking! ZERO DRAGON BALL: Sparking! ZERO
    Undisputed EA SPORTS FC 25
    SILENT HILL 2 SILENT HILL 2
    EA SPORTS Madden NFL 25 Grand Theft Auto V
    NBA 2K25 Phasmophobia
    EA SPORTS FC 25 Undisputed
    Grand Theft Auto V Hogwarts Legacy
    Dragon Age: The Veilguard Palworld
    Palworld It Takes Two
    Metaphor: ReFantazio Dragon Age: The Veilguard
    Phasmophobia Horizon Zero Dawn Remastered
    SONIC X SHADOW GENERATIONS Black Myth: Wukong
    EA SPORTS College Football 25 Metaphor: ReFantazio
    NHL 25 ASTRO BOT
    Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine 2 NEW WORLD: AETERNUM
    Black Myth: Wukong Resident Evil 4
    ASTRO BOT NBA 2K25
    Hogwarts Legacy Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine 2
    NEW WORLD: AETERNUM Cyberpunk 2077
    *Naming of products may differ between regions
    *Upgrades not included

    PS4 Games

    US/Canada EU
    Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 EA SPORTS FC 25
    Minecraft Call of Duty: Black Ops 6
    Red Dead Redemption 2 The Forest
    Batman: Arkham Knight Minecraft
    The Forest Red Dead Redemption 2
    Grand Theft Auto V Grand Theft Auto V
    Tom Clancy’s Ghost Recon: Wildlands A Way Out
    theHunter: Call of the Wild Batman: Arkham Knight
    EA SPORTS Madden NFL 25 Hogwarts Legacy
    Call of Duty: Black Ops III Tom Clancy’s Ghost Recon: Wildlands
    Gang Beasts Kingdom Come: Deliverance
    Dying Light Need for Speed Payback
    Pacify Dying Light
    Mafia: Trilogy Mafia: Trilogy
    A Way Out Unravel Two
    EA SPORTS FC 25 Need for Speed Heat
    Alien: Isolation Gang Beasts
    Injustice 2 Middle-earth: Shadow of War
    Need for Speed Heat Pacify
    DayZ DayZ
       *Naming of products may differ between regions

    PS VR2 Games*

    US/Canada EU
    Arizona Sunshine Remake Arizona Sunshine Remake
    Beat Saber The Dark Pictures: Switchback VR
    The Dark Pictures: Switchback VR Metro Awakening
    Among Us VR Beat Saber
    Grand Rush VR Highway Car Traffic Racing Simulator Grand Rush VR Highway Car Traffic Racing Simulator
    Metro Awakening Arizona Sunshine 2
    Into the Radius Among Us VR
    Arizona Sunshine 2 Pavlov
    Pavlov Into the Radius
    Legendary Tales Crossfire: Sierra Squad
     *PS Store purchases only. Game upgrades or games bundled with hardware not included

    PS VR Games

    US/Canada EU
    ASTRO BOT Rescue Mission Batman: Arkham VR
    The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim VR The Exorcist: Legion VR
    The Walking Dead Onslaught Sniper Elite VR
    Batman: Arkham VR The Walking Dead Onslaught
    Paranormal Activity: The Lost Soul ASTRO BOT Rescue Mission
    The Exorcist: Legion VR Titanic VR
    Job Simulator Job Simulator
    Beat Saber Beat Saber
    SUPERHOT VR Paranormal Activity: The Lost Soul
    Marvel’s Iron Man VR Ghost Giant

    Free to Play (PS5 + PS4)

    US/Canada EU
    THRONE AND LIBERTY THRONE AND LIBERTY
    Fortnite Fortnite
    Roblox Roblox
    Call of Duty: Warzone Call of Duty: Warzone
    Rocket League Rocket League
    Asphalt Legends Unite Asphalt Legends Unite
    VALORANT eFootball
    Apex Legends VALORANT
    Fall Guys Fall Guys
    eFootball Stumble Guys

    A life-long and avid gamer, William D'Angelo was first introduced to VGChartz in 2007. After years of supporting the site, he was brought on in 2010 as a junior analyst, working his way up to lead analyst in 2012 and taking over the hardware estimates in 2017. He has expanded his involvement in the gaming community by producing content on his own YouTube channel and Twitch channel. You can contact the author on Twitter @TrunksWD.

    Full Article - https://www.vgchartz.com/article/463025/call-of-duty-black-ops-6-tops-the-ps5-ps-store-download-charts-in-october/




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    In strategy game Sintopia you harvest a whole civilisation's souls for your own custom-built hell

    One of my favourite satires is the Screwtape Letters, an epistolary novel by Narnia scribe C.S. Lewis. It consists of messages from an oily elder demon to his nephew about how to correctly groom the soul of an unsuspecting human being. It's a claustrophobic send-up of managerial politics and nepotism, with World War 1 unfolding in the background. A real pick-me-up. Sintopia is the Two Point incarnation of that premise - in other words, brighter and breezier and definitely more slapstick than Christian. It puts you in charge of a world divided between Earth and hell, and challenges you to ensure a steady movement of optimally sinful souls between one and the other. Say your prayers and watch the trailer.

    Read more




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    Stop putting hats on your pets, asks Stardew Valley creator

    Back in the misty reaches of time (March) popular farming sim Stardew Valley got a big update that added more pets to the game (it also let you drink mayonaise but let's not get sidetracked). Those new cats, dogs, and turtles had the cute distinction of being able to wear hats, should you choose to kit your wee friends out. Now, following many months of smaller updates to the game, it seems those hats are causing a problem. "[If] you are experiencing performance issues in Stardew Valley 1.6, remove all hats from pets," said creator Eric Barone in a xeet. When asked the lore-accurate cause of this problem, he blamed: "a strange rash".

    Read more




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    As survivors say #MeToo, what will it take to stop widespread sexual harassment?

    Watch Video | Listen to the Audio

    JUDY WOODRUFF: The hashtag #MeToo has millions of women sharing stories of abuse, shining a spotlight on a troubling reality in our society.

    It was first used in 2007, but when actor Alyssa Milano tweeted it Sunday night to talk about sexual harassment and assault in the wake of the Harvey Weinstein story, it went viral. The hashtag was tweeted nearly a million times in just 48 hours. Facebook reported 45 percent of its users have friends who posted #MeToo, as women wrote about their experiences about the workplace and culture, and what should change.

    We explore some of those issues with Fatima Goss Graves. She’s president of the National Women’s Law Center. Lisa Senecal wrote about her own experience for the online news site Daily Beast. She’s with the Vermont Commission on Women. And Melissa Silverstein is the founder of the blog and Web site Women and Hollywood.

    Thank you all for joining us.

    Lisa Senecal, I’m going to start with you.

    You have had a personal experience with sexual harassment. That’s in part what has drawn you to this #MeToo campaign movement.

    Just tell us briefly about what happened.

    LISA SENECAL, Member, Vermont Commission on Women: Sure.

    Like most women, I have had a number of experiences with sexual harassment, beginning with my first job, when I was 15 years old. And it’s really been a threat off and on throughout my entire professional career.

    The most egregious offense was an actual assault that occurred with a male executive. Unfortunately, because of an NDA — and we can go into the evils of nondisclosures another time — but because of that, there isn’t a lot that I’m able to say about the specific event.

    But the issue of sexual harassment and finally having this come to the fore, so many women are already familiar with it from being on the receiving end. And I think, especially with the #MeToo campaign, it’s been really wonderful and an eye-opening experience for men to realize just how pervasive an issue this is.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: So, in your experience, it was a business setting.

    Melissa Silverstein, you have been writing about women in Hollywood for 10 years. Of course, that’s where the Harvey Weinstein story came from.

    If it’s been going on in Hollywood forever, why hasn’t it been talked about more before now?

    MELISSA SILVERSTEIN, Founder, Women and Hollywood: Well, I think there was a culture of silence created around this man and also within this industry.

    People were afraid. People are afraid for their jobs. It’s a very relational industry, where if someone is going to blacklist you, you are not going to get your next job.

    So I think the way that a person was able to conduct himself for 30 years like this was to build a culture of fear, to make people sign nondisclosure agreements, and to get them to shut up.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Fatima Goss Graves, here with me in Washington with the National Women’s Law Center, we have been talking about Hollywood.

    We have talking about the business workplace. Is there any field of work where this isn’t going on?

    FATIMA GOSS GRAVES, President, National Women’s Law Center: Right.

    The issue of harassment and assault, it’s a Hollywood problem, but really it’s an everywhere problem. It infects industries across the board, whether you’re high-wage jobs, low-wage jobs, male-dominated fields, but also female-dominated fields.

    Restaurants are some of the areas where you have some of the highest rates of EEOC charges. And that’s not a male-dominated field.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: EEOC, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

    Lisa Senecal, some people are saying that they’re uncomfortable with this #MeToo campaign movement because they’re saying, once again, women are being asked to go public with what happened to them, but there is no promise that there is going to be anything done about it. How do you see this?

    LISA SENECAL: I don’t necessarily believe that women are being asked to come forward.

    I think this is an opportunity to come forward, if that’s something that women want to do, but there’s no obligation to do it. And there’s been a lot of support for letting women know that if this isn’t something you’re comfortable with at this time, no one is obligated to tell their story, and no one is allowed to force you to tell your story before you’re ready.

    But the stories are important. Without them, the degree to which this happens across all industries, across genders as well — we know that this happens to men. This happens to the transgender.

    It’s not specific to women, although it affects us most frequently. Until we have a critical mass of women who are able to get the men in their lives, the men that they work with to understand how pervasive a problem it is, and then can get men to begin to act on this, because this isn’t a women’s issue.

    This is a violence issue, and an issue of power and who has the power. So until the people who still primarily do hold the power, which is primarily men and primarily white men, until they’re going to begin to act, then the problems are going to persist.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Melissa Silverstein, how do you see that? What is it going to take for this to be a change?

    MELISSA SILVERSTEIN: The fact that we’re having a global conversation about sexual harassment — I have been doing media for the last week all over the world.

    People are really enthralled by this and want to see change. This is a global issue. And, also, Hollywood is a global industry. Seventy cents of every dollar of Hollywood studio movies are made outside the United States.

    So what people are looking for is Hollywood to step up. And, today, we had a leader in Hollywood, Kathleen Kennedy, to say we need to have a commission, cross-industry commission, of people who are going to look into this and put a stop to it once and for all.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: And pick up on that, Fatima Goss Graves. Just across the board, what is it going to take?

    FATIMA GOSS GRAVES: Right.

    We know that there are things that would make a difference here. If employers had processes that their employees actually use, you wouldn’t have harassment in the shadows. Right now, most people don’t report harassment to anyone. And it’s because they think their employers won’t do anything, or, worse, that they would experience retaliation.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: And that’s — because that’s been what happened.

    FATIMA GOSS GRAVES: And that is. They’re right to believe that they will experience retaliation, because they do. They’re shamed. They’re blamed.

    But employees could make a difference. Right? They can be — take it seriously and communicate that to their workplace. They can also have the right policies that are in place. And, finally, they could, when someone comes forward, be really clear that they take it seriously and that they will not tolerate retaliation.

    Those are things that aren’t happening among employers frequently enough.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Lisa Senecal, as somebody who had it happen to you in a business environment, what changes need to be made in the workplace? What has to happen?

    LISA SENECAL: Well, I agree completely with what was just said.

    Too often, the workplace education that goes on is incredibly insufficient. It’s more of companies wanting to be able to check the box and say that they did their sexual harassment training. And it isn’t truly something within the culture of companies that they believe that this is a problem and that it is a right of all people working at that company not to be harassed.

    So, until it starts to be taken more seriously, and when a woman or anyone comes forward with an accusation, it does have to be taken so much more seriously. And the knee-jerk response, as was in my case, cannot be to shame the woman, can’t be to blame her for somehow bringing this on herself, and putting women back in a position of being victimized a second time because they’re not taken seriously when they come forward.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Melissa Silverstein, yes, go ahead.

    MELISSA SILVERSTEIN: I just wanted to add, one of the things that’s so fundamental about this is how this — how it’s so normalized for all of us to go through this kind of harassment, especially in Hollywood, and how people kind of laugh off, oh, you know, that’s locker room talk, or, you know, this is the movie business, get used to it.

    And what we need to do is really pierce that veil of the normalization of this kind of conduct, because it starts with, you know, the comments, and then it can escalate very quickly.

    So we really need to just change people’s attitudes and get rid of the toxic masculinity. Hollywood has no much institutionalized sexism that sometimes I feel like we need to just start over, if possible.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Joining us also is Leigh Gilmore, a professor at Wellesley College who’s written a book about why — titled “Why We Doubt What Women Say About Their Lives.”

    Leigh Gilmore, why don’t women — why haven’t women been believed and taken seriously on this, and could we now be at a moment when they are?

    LEIGH GILMORE, Wellesley College: It’s good to be with you, Judy.

    I think we have a persistent and a pervasive culture of doubting what women say, especially when they’re bringing forward accounts of harm into the public sphere. So we have these pre-made default cultural narratives of women’s unreliability. We have he said/she said, which is a false equivalence narrative.

    We have that notion that nobody knows what really happened. We have that notion that you can’t really trust what women say. None of these are based in fact, but they are part of a kind of cloud that enables us to doubt any woman before she speaks up.

    And it’s quite intimidating. And so, if we’re at a point of change, we really are at a moment where I think we have a new level of visibility, and we have the opportunity to amplify the voices of women who are speaking out.

    So, insofar as we have that opportunity, there is a form of solidarity, and more women speaking can lead to change.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Fatima Goss Graves, as somebody who works on these issues from a legal standpoint, are we, could we be at a watershed point, or is it just a whole lot more complicated?

    FATIMA GOSS GRAVES: Well, the culture change typically has to go together with both the enforcement of the laws and the policy change.

    And so we’re at a tipping point, surely, on culture change. But I will tell you, you know, the National Women’s Law Center runs a hot line. And over the last two weeks, we have had double the intake on harassment.

    And we have a new network called the Legal Network for Gender Equity, so we’re — attorneys are joining with us and will be ready to take these cases. But those people who are making these calls and contacting us, I think that that shows that you have people who are ready to come forward on social media, and there is power there, but it seems like there are people who are ready to come forward in other ways, too.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: I want to quickly go around and ask each one of you about the role of men in all of this.

    Lisa Senecal?

    LISA SENECAL: Oh, I think it’s critical for men as allies to be coming forward and supporting women who do come forward.

    Men also need to be willing to call out other men, whether that’s one-on-one, whether it’s in a group setting within a company, or socially. If a man hears, sees someone doing something inappropriate, they need to have the courage to stand up, even in front of other men, and say, it’s not OK, it’s inappropriate behavior, and it’s not going to be tolerated.

    And until it’s also men joining in, women can’t do this by themselves. There is an organization, A Call to Men, that I’m a big fan of. And one of their mantras is, if women could have stopped abuse and assault, they would have done it already.

    And that’s completely true. It’s not something that women are going to be able to do alone. It shouldn’t be looked at as only a women’s issue. And until people look at this on a larger scale and understand that this affects the bottom line of companies, it affects productivity, it affects, you know, absenteeism, just across the board, this is not a women’s issue.

    It is a human issue.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Right.

    Melissa Silverstein, what about that?

    And we should point out that men are themselves the victims of sexual harassment and abuse at times.

    MELISSA SILVERSTEIN: I feel that this is on men.

    The men are most of the perpetrators. They’re also the collaborators. And, at The Weinstein Company, their board was all men, and they were all complicit in creating an environment that allowed this to thrive.

    In Hollywood, there’s not a single woman, even the people at the tippy-top of the industry, who don’t report to men. This is also about getting more women into leadership positions and getting the men — and holding the men accountable.

    The men in this industry need to step up. They need to say, we want to be — we want to create this industry in a way that women can thrive and don’t have to experience this anymore.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Leigh Gilmore?

    LEIGH GILMORE: We’re talking about awareness and accountability.

    So, as wonderful as it is to have increased visibility, and it enables us to connect the dots and to see the long histories of sexual abuse, harassment and discrimination, we need new levels of accountability.

    I will echo the notion that Harvey Weinstein’s board certainly knew about these accusations. There’s a DA who failed to charge him. We have ample examples of failures.

    And what we really need to do is to correct those. The role of men is certainly important here. Minimally, they can show up and be witnesses.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: And, finally, Fatima Goss Graves, the role of men and how we prevent this.

    FATIMA GOSS GRAVES: We have had a little bit of conversation about men as survivors, but the conversation we haven’t really had is about what happens when men are abusers or enablers or allow this to happen in the workplaces, in schools, or in women’s everyday lives?

    And so now we have an opportunity culturally for that conversation. That culture is going to have to hit where policy-makers are. It’s going to have to hit where employers are in order to make a real difference.

    JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, it’s clear that everyone is hoping this is a watershed moment, that things will change as a result of what’s happened here. But we will see.

    And we appreciate all of you joining us in this conversation, Fatima Goss Graves here with me in Washington, Lisa Senecal, Melissa Silverstein, and Leigh Gilmore.

    We thank you all.

    FATIMA GOSS GRAVES: Thank you.

    MELISSA SILVERSTEIN: Thank you.

    The post As survivors say #MeToo, what will it take to stop widespread sexual harassment? appeared first on PBS NewsHour.




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