Key Points

Key Points

HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs that can reignite viremia if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is interrupted. Therefore, insight into the nature of those reservoirs may be revealed from the composition of recrudescing viremia following treatment cessation. A minor population of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) viruses was identified in a library of recombinant viruses...

Background

Arteriovenous fistulas placed surgically for dialysis vascular access have a high primary failure rate resulting from excessive inward remodeling, medial fibrosis, and thrombosis. No clinically established pharmacologic or perisurgical therapies currently address this unmet need. Statins’ induction of multiple anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects suggests that these drugs might reduce arteriovenous fistula failure. Yet, the in vivo physiologic and molecular effects of statins on fistula patency and maturation remain poorly understood.

Objective

To study the immunomodulatory effect of dimethyl fumarate (DF) on granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production in CD4⁺ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Metabolic reprogramming is critical for the polarization and function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and hepatocarcinogenesis, but how this reprogramming occurs is unknown. Here, we showed that receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), a central factor in necroptosis, is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)–associated macrophages, which correlated with tumorigenesis and enhanced the accumulation and polarization of M2 TAMs. Mechanistically, RIPK3 deficiency in TAMs reduced reactive oxygen species and significantly inhibited caspase1-mediated cleavage of PPAR. These effects enabled PPAR activation and facilitated fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and induced M2 polarization in the tumor microenvironment. RIPK3 upregulation or FAO blockade reversed the immunosuppressive activity of TAMs and dampened HCC tumorigenesis. Our findings provide molecular basis for the regulation of RIPK3-mediated, lipid metabolic reprogramming of TAMs, thus highlighting a potential strategy for targeting the immunometabolism of HCC.

Human macrophages equipped with chimeric antigen receptor constructs infiltrate solid tumors, ingest malignant tissue, and stimulate adaptive immunity in mouse models. Several new biotech companies are racing to bring the technology into clinical trials.

A robot that uses artificial intelligence to find and remove weeds could eventually be used as an alternative to chemical insecticides

Microplastics pollution is causing disruption and behavioural changes among hermit crab populations, researchers have claimed.

Caddis fly larvae typically construct protective cases out of sand grains and silk.

Mediterranean sediments are shown to have up to 1.9 million tiny plastic pieces per square metre.

Ocean pollution 'threatening biodiversity more than is currently recognised', warn researchers

Hesmondhalgh said she did a "decent job" of playing Corrie's first trans character - but would not take the part now

Using a dedicated vocal mic goes a long way when recording at home.

Researchers melt an ice core taken from Antarctica 10 years ago and find dozens of microplastic particles, including polyethylene used to make plastic bags.

Australia's largest organic edible hemp crop is being harvested in Victoria's north west with agronomists talking up its food and fibre potential.

Victoria Beckham dressed to impress for her workout on Friday, as she shared with fans on...

Russell Hawley and Hawley Insurance Inc. of Vail, Iowa, have agreed to pay the United States $834,897.50 to settle allegations that they caused false claims to be submitted to the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation.

Countries around the world are reeling from the health threat and economic and financial fallout from COVID-19. Legislatures are responding with massive relief programs. Central banks have lowered interest rates and opened lender-of-last-resort spigots to support the flow of credit and maintain financial market functioning. Authorities are also deploying macroprudential policies, many of them developed…

We recently told you of a study warning that global warming could prompt the large-scale collapse of the world's crops by 2080; now comes another study concluding that rising levels of ozone could achieve the same result by century's end. The study,

Are crops that produce their own pesticides as scary as they sound?

Even farmers who don't use organic practices are leaving genetically engineered crops behind.

We hear a lot about plastics breaking down at sea, but scientists are discovering that a shocking quantity of plastic enters the ocean already in microscopic form.

As salinization impacts agriculture around the world—another effect of climate change that will hit already-vulnerable places and people the hardest—farmers, small-scale farmers in particular, have to figure out how to

The solar powered lupine menace has proven so successful at scaring away wild boar from Japanese farms that it’s going into mass production.

A new breed of solar panel can do double duty on greenhouse roofs by not only generating renewable electricity, but also by using a light-altering dye to help optimize photosynthesis in the plants beneath them.

The levels were so high that scientists are revising up their estimates for global marine microplastic pollution.

Just a quick one on ethanol and Southeast Asia: Chinaview.cn is reporting that Cambodia has opened the nation’s first ethanol production facility. Using cassava as a feedstock, at least initially all of the

And researchers estimate there's another 3 trillion pieces in surface sediments.

Long admired for its beneficial medicinal properties, Alaskan farmers are happy to find that this Siberian herb loves their climate.

Current water treatment can't remove these wastes that are increasingly implicated in serious environmental effects

This could mean we're drinking our plastic waste.

This biomimicry success promises advanced hearing aids as the headphone generation ages

I'm not saying you can directly attribute this one to climate change, but coming on the heals of NOAA saying the past April was the warmest on record, it's likely at least a sign of things to come: The Alabama Cooperative

Demand for plant-based protein is driving rapid growth, while crops like corn and soy stagnate.

This is precisely the kind of healthy, sustainable agriculture we should be trying to expand globally.

An Irish study found that pollution affects cognition and they're unable to detect an ideal shell when they see one.