mother

Environmental learning across generations: spontaneous encounters and interactions between young children, mothers and teachers.

Children's Geographies; 10/01/2023
(AN 173035628); ISSN: 14733285
Academic Search Premier






mother

Plant of the Mother of God: What is the competitor of the queen of flowers - the rose?

Rose has always been considered one of the most beautiful and popular flowers, belonging to the queen of flowers. However, there is a rival in the world that has won the hearts of many beauty connoisseurs, and that is the peony. Cultivated varieties of peonies are well known to florists, gardeners, and landscape design professionals. At the same time, wild peonies, which are no less impressive, are not as well known and not as popular. As for Russia, 15 species of wild peonies can be found here. Peonies have been famous for their unique beauty for many centuries and are often mentioned in legends and myths. One such legend is associated with the goddess Flora. The legend says that when the goddess was preparing to go on a long journey, she ordered her subordinates to find a worthy replacement for her. Many thought that the only possible substitute for Flora could be the beautiful rose. It was to her that the goddess entrusted the leadership of the plant kingdom. But only the peony opposed this divine decision, not recognizing the rose as its superior competitor. In response to the protests and disrespectful behavior of the peony, the goddess expressed her anger in a rage: "Let butterflies and bees never visit you!" In Russia, peonies grow in the Far East, Transbaikalia, the middle strip, and the Caucasus. In May-June, peony flowers begin to bloom, emitting a sweet substance that attracts ants and other insects. Ants often protect the plant from pests, acting as its defenders. Thus, peonies were able to bypass the curse of the goddess Flora!




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Biden's Broader Vision For Medicaid Could Include Inmates, Immigrants, New Mothers

Chiquita Brooks-LaSure, administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, leads some of the Biden administration's efforts to expand Medicaid access.; Credit: Caroline Brehman/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Imag

Noam N. Levey and Phil Galewitz | NPR

The Biden administration is quietly engineering a series of expansions to Medicaid that may bolster protections for millions of low-income Americans and bring more people into the program.

Biden's efforts — which have been largely overshadowed by other economic and health initiatives — represent an abrupt reversal of the Trump administration's moves to scale back the safety-net program.

The changes could further boost Medicaid enrollment — which the pandemic has already pushed to a record 80.5 million. Some of the expansion is funded by the COVID-19 relief bill that passed in March, including coverage for new mothers.

Others who could also gain coverage under Biden are inmates and undocumented immigrants. At the same time, the administration is opening the door to new Medicaid-funded services such as food and housing that the government insurance plan hasn't traditionally offered.

"There is a paradigm change underway," said Jennifer Langer Jacobs, Medicaid director in New Jersey, one of a growing number of states trying to expand home-based Medicaid services to keep enrollees out of nursing homes and other institutions.

"We've had discussions at the federal level in the last 90 days that are completely different from where we've ever been before," Langer Jacobs said.

Taken together, the Medicaid moves represent some of the most substantive shifts in federal health policy undertaken by the new administration.

"They are taking very bold action," said Rutgers University political scientist Frank Thompson, an expert on Medicaid history, noting in particular the administration's swift reversal of Trump policies. "There really isn't a precedent."

The Biden administration seems unlikely to achieve what remains the holy grail for Medicaid advocates: getting 12 holdout states, including Texas and Florida, to expand Medicaid coverage to low-income working-age adults through the Affordable Care Act.

And while some of the recent expansions – including for new mothers -- were funded by close to $20 billion in new Medicaid funding in the COVID relief bill Biden signed in March, much of that new money will stop in a few years unless Congress appropriates additional money.

The White House strategy has risks. Medicaid, which swelled after enactment of the 2010 health law, has expanded further during the economic downturn caused by the pandemic, pushing enrollment to a record 80.5 million, including those served by the related Children's Health Insurance Program. That's up from 70 million before the COVID crisis began.

The programs now cost taxpayers more than $600 billion a year. And although the federal government will cover most of the cost of the Biden-backed expansions, surging Medicaid spending is a growing burden on state budgets.

The costs of expansion are a frequent target of conservative critics, including Trump officials like Seema Verma, the former administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, who frequently argued for enrollment restrictions and derided Medicaid as low-quality coverage.

But even less partisan experts warn that Medicaid, which was created to provide medical care to low-income Americans, can't make up for all the inadequacies in government housing, food and education programs.

"Focusing on the social drivers of health ... is critically important in improving the health and well-being of Medicaid beneficiaries. But that doesn't mean that Medicaid can or should be responsible for paying for all of those services," said Matt Salo, head of the National Association of Medicaid Directors, noting that the program's financing "is simply not capable of sustaining those investments."

Restoring federal support

However, after four years of Trump administration efforts to scale back coverage, Biden and his appointees appear intent on not only restoring federal support for Medicaid, but also boosting the program's reach.

"I think what we learned during the repeal-and-replace debate is just how much people in this country care about the Medicaid program and how it's a lifeline to millions," Biden's new Medicare and Medicaid administrator, Chiquita Brooks-LaSure, told KHN, calling the program a "backbone to our country."

The Biden administration has already withdrawn permission the Trump administration had granted Arkansas and New Hampshire to place work requirements on some Medicaid enrollees.

In April, Biden blocked a multibillion-dollar Trump administration initiative to prop up Texas hospitals that care for uninsured patients, a policy that many critics said effectively discouraged Texas from expanding Medicaid coverage through the Affordable Care Act, often called Obamacare. Texas has the highest uninsured rate in the nation.

The moves have drawn criticism from Republicans, some of whom accuse the new administration of trampling states' rights to run their Medicaid programs as they choose.

"Biden is reasserting a larger federal role and not deferring to states," said Josh Archambault, a senior fellow at the conservative Foundation for Government Accountability.

But Biden's early initiatives have been widely hailed by patient advocates, public health experts and state officials in many blue states.

"It's a breath of fresh air," said Kim Bimestefer, head of Colorado's Department of Health Care Policy and Financing.

Chuck Ingoglia, head of the National Council for Mental Wellbeing, said: "To be in an environment where people are talking about expanding health care access has made an enormous difference."

Mounting evidence shows that expanded Medicaid coverage improves enrollees' health, as surveys and mortality data in recent years have identified greater health improvements in states that expanded Medicaid through the 2010 health law versus states that did not.

Broadening eligibility

In addition to removing Medicaid restrictions imposed by Trump administration officials, the Biden administration has backed a series of expansions to broaden eligibility and add services enrollees can receive.

Biden supported a provision in the COVID relief bill that gives states the option to extend Medicaid to new mothers for up to a year after they give birth. Many experts say such coverage could help reduce the U.S. maternal mortality rate, which is far higher than rates in other wealthy nations.

Several states, including Illinois and New Jersey, had sought permission from the Trump administration for such expanded coverage, but their requests languished.

The COVID relief bill — which passed without Republican support — also provides additional Medicaid money to states to set up mobile crisis services for people facing mental health or substance use emergencies, further broadening Medicaid's reach.

And states will get billions more to expand so-called home and community-based services such as help with cooking, bathing and other basic activities that can prevent Medicaid enrollees from having to be admitted to expensive nursing homes or other institutions.

Perhaps the most far-reaching Medicaid expansions being considered by the Biden administration would push the government health plan into covering services not traditionally considered health care, such as housing.

This reflects an emerging consensus among health policy experts that investments in some non-medical services can ultimately save Medicaid money by keeping patients out of the hospital.

In recent years, Medicaid officials in red and blue states — including Arizona, California, Illinois, Maryland and Washington — have begun exploring ways to provide rental assistance to select Medicaid enrollees to prevent medical complications linked to homelessness.

The Trump administration took steps to support similar efforts, clearing Medicare Advantage health plans to offer some enrollees non-medical benefits such as food, housing aid and assistance with utilities.

But state officials across the country said the new administration has signaled more support for both expanding current home-based services and adding new ones.

That has made a big difference, said Kate McEvoy, who directs Connecticut's Medicaid program. "There was a lot of discussion in the Trump administration," she said, "but not the capital to do it."

Other states are looking to the new administration to back efforts to expand Medicaid to inmates with mental health conditions and drug addiction so they can connect more easily to treatment once released.

Kentucky health secretary Eric Friedlander said he is hopeful federal officials will sign off on his state's initiative.

Still other states, such as California, say they are getting a more receptive audience in Washington for proposals to expand coverage to immigrants who are in the country without authorization, a step public health experts say can help improve community health and slow the spread of communicable diseases.

"Covering all Californians is critical to our mission," said Jacey Cooper, director of California's Medicaid program, known as Medi-Cal. "We really feel like the new administration is helping us ensure that everyone has access."

The Trump administration moved to restrict even authorized immigrants' access to the health care safety net, including the "public charge" rule that allowed immigration authorities to deny green cards to applicants if they used public programs such as Medicaid. In March, Biden abandoned that rule.

KHN correspondent Julie Rovner contributed to this report.

KHN (Kaiser Health News) is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues. Together with Policy Analysis and Polling, KHN is one of the three major operating programs at KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation). KFF is an endowed nonprofit organization providing information on health issues to the nation.

Copyright 2021 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit Kaiser Health News.

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.




mother

Sugar Plum celebrates Mother's Day with chocolate-covered treats

The collection includes chocolate-covered pretzels, graham crackers, and sandwich cookies, plus strawberry delights and Linzer cookies filled with raspberry jam. 




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Grand Traverse Pie Company Strawberry Champagne Pie, for Mother's Day

For this Mother’s Day, Grand Traverse Pie Company is thrilled to release a Strawberry Champagne Pie.




mother

Mother-daughter duo creates 100% natural bars

100% natural Ziggy Bars are packed with essential nutrients and fiber and are a way to support digestive health.




mother

Hughes & Coleman Injury Lawyers Secures $400,000 Settlement for Single Mother Involved In Kentucky Auto Accident

$400,000 settlement is more than 4X the initial insurance company offer




mother

Houston Businesswoman and Mother Wins International Contest

Memorial, Texas-based Monique Jose Selected Among 10,000 Certified Practitioners




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Author and Mother Debbie Pietsch Introduces the Release of Her New Children's Book, "Swim With Fish"

The true story of a boy, a friend, and a fish-- and how it led to many more incredible fishing expeditions!




mother

Join the fun mini-golf tournament on the roof of the Tiny Planet van at Adventure Van Expo, a must-visit event for the whole family on Mother's Day in Santa Rosa

Open house adventure vans, a DIY contest, live music, activities, gifts, food trucks, and camping.




mother

Mother & Nurse Self-Publishes First Children's Book to Empower Little Girls

Using Daily Affirmations to Build Self-Esteem, Build Confidence & Celebrate their Uniqueness




mother

Celebrate Mother's Day with Kinnls Furniture

Kinnls Furniture pays tribute to all mothers




mother

Marquis Who's Who Honors Holley Powell Smothers for Expertise in Entrepreneurship, Health and Wellness, and Education

Holley Powell Smothers is celebrated for her tenure in art education, consulting and independent sales




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Debut Book "Walking in My Mother's Garden" by Evan Kline Offers a Powerful Exploration of Life, War, and Self-Discovery

Walking in My Mother's Garden," the highly anticipated first volume of Poetry, Prose, and Philosophy by Evan Kline, is now available, offering a deeply personal and poignant account of a sailor's journey through life, war, and self-discovery.




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Amazon Best Selling Author & Inspirational Speaker - April Y. Cunningham releases her new anthology: Daughters on the Journey - A Tribute to Our Mothers

10 Incredible Women, 10 Heartfelt stories each sharing their personal journey of love, grief and navigating life after loss of their mothers.




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World Vasectomy Day Announces Groundbreaking Earth Day to Mother's Day Road Trip Through the Heartland of America

DATES: April 22nd- May 08th, 2024 LOCATION: IOWA, KANSAS, MISSOURI




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Delightful Mother's Day Gifts at Damiani Jewellers

Surprise the moms in your life with a wonderful gift for Mother's Day available in their Woodbridge jewellery store.




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Daniel Schmitt & Co. Classic Car Gallery Continues Generous Support of Mothers Against Drunk Driving

This is the eighth year in a row Daniel Schmitt & Co. has supported the nonprofit.




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[Surnetkids] Mother’s Day Cards

Dear Reader, Wishing you and yours a very Happy Mother’s Day! See ya on the Net, Barbara J. Feldman “Surfing the Net with Kids” https://www.surfnetkids.com Mother’s Day Cards https://www.surfnetkids.com/resources/mothers-day-cards/ Mother’s Day Cards Printable(** for Premium Members only) https://www.surfnetkids.com/printables/files/printables-club/mothers_day_cards.pdf The history […]

The post [Surnetkids] Mother’s Day Cards appeared first on Newsletters » Surfnetkids.




mother

Dear Mary : lessons from the mother of Jesus for the modern mom / Sarah Jakes.

Hopeful, Inspiring Message for Moms from Sarah Jakes Mary, the mother of Jesus, is a remarkable example of quiet, resilient faith and courage in the face of adversity. From the angel's first announcement of her pregnancy to the death and resurrection of her son, Mary was witness to our Lord and Savior in a unique and special way. And as a mother herself, she speaks to the modern-day mom in a way few have explored before. Writing in the form of letters, Sarah Jakes examines the life of Mary--and through Mary, Jesus--to better understand what a life of faith looks like. Maybe you struggle to trust God's will for your life. Perhaps you have fears and insecurities that keep you from realizing the joy God wants for you, or the thought of raising little ones overwhelms you. Through the example of Mary, discover the freedom that only true faith can bring.




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StoryCorps Then and Now: Mother Mary

Mary Johnson-Roy first came to StoryCorps in 2011 to speak with Oshea Israel, the man who murdered her son. In the latest episode from our special series celebrating StoryCorps' 20th anniversary, we'll share updates on a conversation none of us imagined would happen back when StoryCorps started.

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mother

Anna Malaika Tubbs: The Three Mothers

MLK Jr., Malcolm X and James Baldwin are household names, but what about their mothers? This hour, author Anna Malaika Tubbs explores how these three women shaped American history.

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mother

The Forgotten Mothers of Civil Rights History (2022)

Original broadcast date: May 6, 2022. MLK Jr., Malcolm X and James Baldwin are household names, but what about their mothers? This hour, author Anna Malaika Tubbs explores how these three women shaped American history.

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Addiction, Motherhood, and Jesus with writer Anne Lamott

Writer Anne Lamott has garnered a cult following with her shockingly honest prose on love, death, faith, writing and more. This hour, her wisdom from a career that has spanned 20 books and 40 years.

TED Radio Hour+ subscribers now get access to bonus episodes, with more ideas from TED speakers and a behind the scenes look with our producers. A Plus subscription also lets you listen to regular episodes (like this one!) without sponsors. Sign-up at plus.npr.org/ted.

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Mother's Pride AP

Mother's Pride AP by Kitty Cantrell is a(n) Limited Edition. The Edition is Limited to Artist Proof of 125 pcs




mother

A MOTHER'S EMBRACE

A MOTHER'S EMBRACE by Lladro Black Legacy is a(n) Open Edition. The Edition is Limited to Open Edition pcs




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ASUS ROG Zenith II Extreme Alpha (TRX40) Motherboard Review

The rewards for offering a high-performance flagship motherboard on the TRX40 platform are clear. Vendors are all competing at price points well above �600 which culminates in motherboard options filled to the brim with the features that almost anybody could wish for. ASUS� ROG Zenith II Extreme was no exception to that point. However, ASUS has tak... [PCSTATS]




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ASRock X570 Phantom Gaming-ITX/TB3 Motherboard Review

"When it comes to mini-ITX AMD X570 motherboards there are only a handful to choose from. Today we are checking out ASRock�s offering which comes in the form of the X570 Phantom Gaming-ITX/TB3. We first saw the Phantom Gaming Series from ASRock with their Z390 Phantom Gaming X and we are hoping to see the same quality in the X570 Phantom Gaming-ITX... [PCSTATS]





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Maternal & Early Childhood Issues: Mid-Atlantic Mothers’ Milk Bank

We continue our series on Maternal & Early Childhood Issues with more on the subject of breastfeeding. For the next several days we will look at the important work being done by the Mid-Atlantic Mothers’ Milk Bank and how the PCC is looking to help them. https://fb.watch/dv4YBuc3qS/ https://twitter.com/PAcatholic/status/1532416678121857025?s=20&t=6XAnUbQUJooExYYWxkr1WQ  




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Coronavirus Is Not Passed From Mother to Child Late In Pregnancy

Coronavirus Is Not Passed From Mother to Child Late In Pregnancy

After a newborn (born to a mother infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing positive for COVID-19 infection within 36 hours of birth, there were concerns about whether the virus could be contracted in the womb. A new study finds that COVID-19 does not pass to the child while in the womb. The women in the small study were from Wuhan, China, in the third trimester of pregnancy and had pneumonia caused by COVID-19. However, it only included women who were late in their pregnancy and gave birth by caesarean section. 

There were two cases of fetal distress but all nine pregnancies resulted in live births. That symptoms from COVID-19 infection in pregnant women were similar to those reported in non-pregnant adults, and no women in the study developed severe pneumonia or died.

All mothers in the study were aged between 26-40 years. None of them had underlying health conditions, but one developed gestational hypertension from week 27 of her pregnancy, and another developed pre-eclampsia at week 31. Both patients’ conditions were stable during pregnancy. The nine women in the study had typical symptoms of COVID-19 infection, and were given oxygen support and antibiotics. Six of the women were also given antiviral therapy. In the study, the medical records of nine pregnant women who had pneumonia caused by COVID-19 infection were retrospectively reviewed. Infection was lab-confirmed for all women in the study, and the authors studied the nine women’s symptoms.

(A) Patient 1: left-sided patchy consolidation and multiple bilateral ground-glass opacities. (B) Patient 2: subpleural patchy consolidation in the right lung and slightly infiltrated shadows around left bronchus. (C) Patient 3: bilateral multiple ground-glass opacities, prominent on the left. (D) Patient 4: left-sided patchy ground-glass opacity. (E) Patient 5: multiple ground-glass opacities bilaterally. (F) Patient 6: bilateral clear lung fields with no obvious ground-glass opacities. (G) Patient 7: right-sided subpleural patchy consolidation. (H) Patient 8: multiple bilateral ground-glass opacities, prominent on the right. (I) Patient 9: multiple bilateral ground-glass opacities.


In addition, samples of amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swabs and breast milk were taken for six of the nine cases [2] and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Importantly, the samples of amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swabs were collected in the operating room at the time of birth to guarantee that samples were not contaminated and best represented intrauterine conditions. All nine pregnancies resulted in live births, and there were no cases of neonatal asphyxia. Four women had pregnancy complications (two had fetal distress and two had premature rupture of membrane), and four women had preterm labor which was not related to their infection and occurred after 36 gestational weeks. Two of the prematurely born newborns had a low birth weight.

The authors note that their findings are similar to observations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus in pregnant women, where there was no evidence of the virus being passed from mother to child during pregnancy or birth. The findings are based on a limited number of cases, over a short period of time, and the effects of mothers being infected with the virus during the first or second trimester of pregnancy and the subsequent outcomes for their offspring are still unclear, as well as whether the virus can be passed from mother to child during vaginal birth.

Dr Jie Qiao (who was not involved in the study) of Peking University Third Hospital, China,compares the effects of the virus to those of SARS, and says: “Previous studies have shown that SARS during pregnancy is associated with a high incidence of adverse maternal and neonatal complications, such as spontaneous miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, application of endotracheal intubation, admission to the intensive care unit, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. However, pregnant women with COVID-19 infection in the present study had fewer adverse maternal and neonatal complications and outcomes than would be anticipated for those with SARS-CoV-1 infection. Although a small number of cases was analysed and the findings should be interpreted with caution, the findings are mostly consistent with the clinical analysis done by Zhu and colleagues of ten neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia."

sb admin Wed, 02/12/2020 - 13:03
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mother

Opinion: A route to safer chemotherapy

The danger of toxic side effects for two common chemotherapy drugs could be mitigated with a simple genetic test.




mother

When I Find Myself In Times Of Trouble, Mother Mary Comes To Me.... Please Donate

“When I find myself in times of trouble, mother Mary comes to me, speaking words of wisdom, let it be. And in my hour of darkness she is standing right in front of me, speaking words of wisdom, let it be. Let it be, let it be, let it be, let it be. Whisper words of wisdom, let it be. And when the broken hearted people living in the world agree, there will be an answer, let it be. For though they may be parted there is still a chance that they will see, there will be an answer. let it...




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Spokane mother-daughter duo Kim and Aimee Cash make sustainable bowl covers

It's a pretty basic need: You gotta eat…




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Jennifer Lopez Celebrates Mother's Day Early as She Brings Mom on Stage at Vax Live Concert

The 'On the Floor' hitmaker introduces her mother to fans as she invites the matriarch to join her on stage and perform a duet at the Global Citizen concert in Los Angeles.




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Angelina Jolie's Kids Keen to Make Her Cry With Their Mother's Day Surprises

According to the 'Unbroken' director, her six children make it their mission to make her shed tears on Mother's Day every year with their touching surprises.




mother

Rooney Mara Credits Motherhood for Filling Life With Hope Ahead of Her First Mother's Day

The 'Carol' star has written a heartfelt open letter as part of Farm Sanctuary's campaign commemorating the day that is specifically dedicated to mothers and maternal figures.




mother

Luke Bryan Learns About Story He Fathered Maren Morris' Baby Boy From His Mother

When appearing on 'The Ellen DeGeneres Show', the 'American Idol' judge sets the record straight on the tabloid tale, recalling that he got a call from his mother when having a coffee.




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Angelina Jolie's Kids Keen to Make Her Cry With Their Mother's Day Surprises

According to the 'Unbroken' director, her six children make it their mission to make her shed tears on Mother's Day every year with their touching surprises.




mother

Amy Adams and Jake Gyllenhaal Team Up for True-Story Movie 'Finding the Mother Tree'

The 'American Hustle' actress and the 'Brokeback Mountain' actor are joining forces to develop a new feature film about real-life scientist Suzanne Simard.



  • movie
  • Finding the Mother Tree
  • Amy Adams;Jake Gyllenhaal

mother

Rooney Mara Credits Motherhood for Filling Life With Hope Ahead of Her First Mother's Day

The 'Carol' star has written a heartfelt open letter as part of Farm Sanctuary's campaign commemorating the day that is specifically dedicated to mothers and maternal figures.




mother

Amy Adams and Jake Gyllenhaal Team Up for True-Story Movie 'Finding the Mother Tree'

The 'American Hustle' actress and the 'Brokeback Mountain' actor are joining forces to develop a new feature film about real-life scientist Suzanne Simard.



  • movie
  • Finding the Mother Tree
  • Amy Adams;Jake Gyllenhaal

mother

Mother’s Day tribute to cancer charity

"Without Cure Leukaemia my daughter would not be here for Mother’s Day."






mother

Mother pays tribute to dead son

Witnesses still sought to fatal incident.




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Margo Price On The Mysterious Process Of Album-Making And Motherhood

The day Margo Price walked into the studio to start recording her new album, That's How Rumors Get Started , she had butterflies in her stomach, a mixture of excitement, trepidation — and morning sickness. "I definitely was not expecting to be pregnant," she says. "I had planned to go into the studio regardless of what was happening in my personal life." Her daughter Ramona was born last June — and her new album is now out in the world, too. Price says that the two processes, making an album and having a baby, were eerily similar. "I think when you're making art and you're creating something, you have this feeling of protection," she says. "You keep it to yourself at first, and it's evolving and growing and changing. And the same [can be said] when you're carrying a baby. It's such a process that it's really hard to describe either one. I think they're both kind of mysterious in their own way. It's something that's just so personal." NPR's Ailsa Chang spoke to Margo Price about staying




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Susan Rice Talks Of Balancing Career And Motherhood, Reflects On Benghazi

Looking back at more than 25 years in public service, Susan Rice — former U.N. ambassador for the United States and national security adviser to President Barack Obama — describes much of her career as a balancing act. Sometimes, that meant toeing the line between her personal and professional life. "My now 22-year-old son, in fact, learned to walk in the halls of the State Department," recalls Rice in an interview with NPR. "And there were those who thought that was a little bit inappropriate for the staid halls of the State Department." But luckily, she says, she had the support of then Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. Other times, Rice had to balance her ambition with her identity as a person of color: At the age of 28, having just started her career in government, Rice turned down a position working on African policy for the Clinton administration out of fear of pigeonholing herself. She worried "this predominantly white national security establishment would see [her] as