dose Projection-space implementation of deep learning-guided low-dose brain PET imaging improves performance over implementation in image-space By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-10T04:59:09-08:00 Purpose: To assess the performance of full dose (FD) positron emission tomography (PET) image synthesis in both image and projection space from low-dose (LD) PET images/sinograms without sacrificing diagnostic quality using deep learning techniques. Methods: Clinical brain PET/CT studies of 140 patients were retrospectively employed for LD to FD PET conversion. 5% of the events were randomly selected from the FD list-mode PET data to simulate a realistic LD acquisition. A modified 3D U-Net model was implemented to predict FD sinograms in the projection-space (PSS) and FD images in image-space (PIS) from their corresponding LD sinograms/images, respectively. The quality of the predicted PET images was assessed by two nuclear medicine specialists using a five-point grading scheme. Quantitative analysis using established metrics including the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index metric (SSIM), region-wise standardized uptake value (SUV) bias, as well as first-, second- and high-order texture radiomic features in 83 brain regions for the test and evaluation dataset was also performed. Results: All PSS images were scored 4 or higher (good to excellent) by the nuclear medicine specialists. PSNR and SSIM values of 0.96 ± 0.03, 0.97 ± 0.02 and 31.70 ± 0.75, 37.30 ± 0.71 were obtained for PIS and PSS, respectively. The average SUV bias calculated over all brain regions was 0.24 ± 0.96% and 1.05 ± 1.44% for PSS and PIS, respectively. The Bland-Altman plots reported the lowest SUV bias (0.02) and variance (95% CI: -0.92, +0.84) for PSS compared with the reference FD images. The relative error of the homogeneity radiomic feature belonging to the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix category was -1.07 ± 1.77 and 0.28 ± 1.4 for PIS and PSS, respectively Conclusion: The qualitative assessment and quantitative analysis demonstrated that the FD PET prediction in projection space led to superior performance, resulting in higher image quality and lower SUV bias and variance compared to FD PET prediction in the image domain. Full Article
dose Will SPECT/CT Cameras soon be able to display Absorbed Doses? Dosimetry from Single Activity Concentration Measurements. By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-10T04:59:09-08:00 Full Article
dose OpenDose: open access resources for nuclear medicine dosimetry By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-03-13T14:12:30-07:00 Background: Radiopharmaceutical dosimetry depends on the localization in space and time of radioactive sources and requires the estimation of the amount of energy emitted by the sources deposited within targets. In particular, when computing resources are not accessible, this task can be carried out using precomputed tables of Specific Absorbed Fractions (SAFs) or S values based on dosimetric models. The OpenDose collaboration aims to generate and make freely available a range of dosimetric data and tools. Methods: OpenDose brings together resources and expertise from 18 international teams to produce and compare traceable dosimetric data using 6 of the most popular Monte Carlo codes in radiation transport (EGSnrc/EGS++, FLUKA, GATE, Geant4, MCNP/MCNPX and PENELOPE). SAFs are uploaded, together with their associated statistical uncertainties, in a relational database. S values are then calculated from mono-energetic SAFs, based on the radioisotope decay data presented in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publication 107. Results: The OpenDose collaboration produced SAFs for all source regions and targets combinations of the two ICRP 110 adult reference models. SAFs computed from the different Monte Carlo codes were in good agreement at all energies, with standard deviations below individual statistical uncertainties. Calculated S values were in good agreement with OLINDA 2 (commercial) and IDAC 2.1 (free) software. A dedicated website (www.opendose.org) has been developed to provide easy and open access to all data. Conclusion: The OpenDose website allows the display and download of SAFs and the corresponding S values for 1252 radionuclides. The OpenDose collaboration, open to new research teams, will extend data production to other dosimetric models and implement new free features, such as online dosimetric tools and patient-specific absorbed dose calculation software, together with educational resources. Full Article
dose The Impact of Radiobiologically-Informed Dose Prescription on the Clinical Benefit of Yttrium-90 SIRT in Colorectal Cancer Patients By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T11:16:57-07:00 The purpose of this study was to establish the dose-response relationship of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), when informed by radiobiological sensitivity parameters derived from mCRC cell lines exposed to yttrium-90 (90Y). Methods: 23 mCRC patients with liver metastases refractory to chemotherapy were included. 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT images were transformed into dose maps assuming the local dose deposition method. Baseline and follow-up CT scans were segmented to derive liver and tumor volumes. Mean, median, and D70 (minimum dose to 70% of tumor volume) values determined from dose maps were correlated with change in tumor volume and vRECIST response using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Radiosensitivity parameters determined by clonogenic assays of mCRC cell lines HT-29 and DLD-1 after exposure to 90Y or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT; 6MV photons) were used in biological effective dose (BED) calculations. Results: Mean administered radioactivity was 1469±428 MBq (847-2185 MBq), achieving a mean radiation absorbed tumor dose of 35.5±9.4 Gy and mean normal liver dose of 26.4±6.8 Gy. A 1.0 Gy increase in mean, median, and D70 absorbed dose was associated with reduction in tumor volume of 1.8%, 1.8%, and 1.5%, respectively, and increased probability of vRECIST response (odds ratio: 1.09, 1.09, and 1.10 respectively). Threshold mean, median and D70 doses for response were 48.3, 48.8, and 41.8 Gy respectively. EBRT-equivalent BEDs for 90Y are up to 50% smaller than those calculated by applying protraction-corrected radiobiological parameters derived from EBRT alone. Conclusion: Dosimetric studies have assumed equivalence between 90Y SIRT and EBRT, leading to inflation of BED for SIRT and possible under-treatment. Radiobiological parameters for 90Y were applied to a BED model, providing a calculation method that has the potential to improve assessment of tumor control. Full Article
dose 177Lu-EB-PSMA radioligand therapy with escalating doses in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T11:16:57-07:00 Purpose: This study is designed to assess the safety and therapeutic response to 177Lu-EB-PSMA treatment with escalating doses in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: With institutional review board approval and informed consent, patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (n = 10) were treated with 1.18 ± 0.09 GBq/dose of 177Lu-EB-PSMA. Group B (n = 10) were treated with 2.12 ± 0.19 GBq/dose of 177Lu-EB-PSMA. Group C (n = 8) were treated with 3.52 ± 0.58 GBq/dose of 177Lu-EB-PSMA. Eligible patients received up to three cycles of 177Lu-EB-PSMA therapy, at eight-week intervals. Results: Due to disease progression or bone marrow suppression, 4 out of 10, 5 out of 10, and 5 out of 10 patients completed three cycles therapy as planned in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response was correlated with treatment dose, with PSA disease control rates in Group B (70%) and C (75%) being higher than that in Group A (10%) (P = 0.007), but no correlation between Group B and Group C was found. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed response in all the treatment groups, however, there was no significant difference between the three groups. Hematologic toxicity study found that platelets in Group B and Group C decreased more than those in Group A, and that Grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 2 (25.0%) patients in Group C. No serious nephritic or hepatic side effects were observed. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that 2.12 GBq/dose of 177Lu-EB-PSMA seems to be safe and adequate in tumor treatment. Further investigations with increased number of patients are warranted. Full Article
dose Low Dose IL-2 Combined with Rapamycin Led to an Expansion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and Prolonged Human Islet-allograft Survival in Humanized Mice By diabetes.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-07T07:53:04-07:00 Islet transplantation is an emerging therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and hypoglycaemic unawareness. However, a key challenge for islet transplantation is cellular rejection and the requirement for long-term immunosuppression. In this study we established a diabetic-humanized NOD-scidIL2Rnull(NSG) mouse model of T cell mediated human islet-allograft rejection and developed a therapeutic regimen of low-dose recombinant human interleukin2(IL-2) combined with low-dose rapamycin to prolong graft survival. NSG-mice that had received renal-subcapsular human islet-allografts and were transfused with 1x107 of human-spleen-mononuclear-cells (hSPMCs), reconstituted human CD45+ cells that were predominantly CD3+ T cells and rejected their grafts with a median survival time of 27 days. IL-2 alone (0.3x106 IU/m2 or 1x106 IU/m2), or rapamycin alone (0.5-1mg/kg) for 3 weeks did not prolong survival. However, the combination of rapamycin with IL-2 for 3 weeks significantly prolonged human islet-allograft survival. Graft survival was associated with expansion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and enhanced TGF-β production by CD4+ T cells. CD8+ T cells showed reduced IFN- production and reduced expression of perforin-1. The combination of IL-2 and rapamycin has the potential to inhibit human islet-allograft rejection by expanding CD4+FOXP3+ Tregs in vivo and supressing effector cell function, and could be the basis of effective tolerance-based regimens. Full Article
dose Your recommended dose of Ray Moynihan By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Thu, 28 Jun 2018 14:22:05 +0000 Ray Moynihan is a senior research assistant at Bond University, a journalist, champion of rolling back too much medicine, and host of a new series “The Recommended Dose” from Cochrane Australia. In the series, Ray has talked to some of the people who shape the medical evidence that underpin healthcare around the world - the series aim is to... Full Article
dose First Evidence for a Dose-Response Relationship in Patients Treated with 166Ho Radioembolization: A Prospective Study By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-04-01T06:00:28-07:00 166Ho-microspheres have recently been approved for clinical use for hepatic radioembolization in the European Union. The aim of this study was to investigate the absorbed dose–response relationship and its association with overall survival for 166Ho radioembolization in patients with liver metastases. Methods: Patients treated in the HEPAR I and II studies who underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan at baseline, a posttreatment 166Ho SPECT/CT scan, and another 18F-FDG PET/CT scan at the 3-mo follow-up were included for analysis. The posttreatment 166Ho-microsphere activity distributions were estimated with quantitative SPECT/CT reconstructions using a quantitative Monte Carlo–based method. The response of each tumor was based on the change in total lesion glycolysis (TLG) between baseline and follow-up and was placed into 1 of 4 categories, according to the PERCIST criteria, ranging from complete response to progressive disease. Patient-level response was grouped according to the average change in TLG per patient. The absorbed dose–response relationship was assessed using a linear mixed model to account for correlation of tumors within patients. Median overall survival was compared between patients with and without a metabolic liver response, using a log-rank test. Results: Thirty-six patients with a total of 98 tumors were included. The relation between tumor-absorbed dose and both tumor-level and patient-level response was explored. At a tumor level, a significant difference in geometric mean absorbed dose was found between complete response (232 Gy; 95% confidence interval [CI], 178–303 Gy; n = 32) and stable disease (147 Gy; 95% CI, 113–191 Gy; n = 28) (P = 0.01) and between complete response and progressive disease (117 Gy; 95% CI, 87–159 Gy; n = 21) (P = 0.0008). This constitutes a robust absorbed dose–response relationship. At a patient level, a significant difference was found between patients with complete or partial response (210 Gy; 95% CI, 161–274 Gy; n = 13) and patients with progressive disease (116 Gy; 95% CI, 81–165 Gy; n = 9) (P = 0.01). Patients were subsequently grouped according to their average change in TLG. Patients with an objective response (complete or partial) exhibited a significantly higher overall survival than nonresponding patients (stable or progressive disease) (median, 19 mo vs. 7.5 mo; log-rank, P = 0.01). Conclusion: These results confirm a significant absorbed dose–response relationship in 166Ho radioembolization. Treatment response is associated with a higher overall survival. Full Article
dose Opioid agonist treatment and risk of mortality during opioid overdose public health emergency: population based retrospective cohort study By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Tuesday, March 31, 2020 - 09:36 Full Article
dose Randomized Study to Evaluate the Impact of Telemedicine Care in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With Multiple Doses of Insulin and Suboptimal HbA1c in Andalusia (Spain): PLATEDIAN Study By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-20T12:00:30-08:00 OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of a telemedicine visit using the platform Diabetic compared with a face-to-face visit on clinical outcomes, patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physicians’ satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS PLATEDIAN (Telemedicine on Metabolic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Andalusian Patients) (NCT03332472) was a multicenter, randomized, 6-month follow-up, open-label, parallel-group controlled study performed in patients with type 1 diabetes with suboptimal metabolic control (HbA1c <8% [<64 mmol/mol]), treated with multiple daily injections. A total of 388 patients were assessed for eligibility; 379 of them were randomized 1:1 to three face-to-face visits (control cohort [CC]) (n = 167) or the replacement of an intermediate face-to-face visit by a telemedicine visit using Diabetic (intervention cohort [IC]) (n = 163). The primary efficacy end point was the mean change of HbA1c levels from baseline to month 6. Other efficacy and safety end points were mean blood glucose, glucose variability, episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, patient-reported outcomes, and physicians’ satisfaction. RESULTS At month 6, the mean change in HbA1c levels was –0.04 ± 0.5% (–0.5 ± 5.8 mmol/mol) in the CC and 0.01 ± 0.6% (0.1 ± 6.0 mmol/mol) in the IC (P = 0.4941). The number of patients who achieved HbA1c <7% (<53 mmol/mol) was 73 and 78 in the CC and IC, respectively. Significant differences were not found regarding safety end points at 6 months. Changes in HRQoL between the first visit and final visit did not differ between cohorts, and, regarding fear of hypoglycemia (FH-15 score ≥28), statistically significant differences observed at baseline remained unchanged at 6 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of telemedicine in patients with type 1 diabetes with HbA1c <8% (<64 mmol/mol) provides similar efficacy and safety outcomes as face-to-face visits. Full Article
dose Sex Difference in Effects of Low-Dose Aspirin on Prevention of Dementia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Long-term Follow-up Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-20T12:00:30-08:00 OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the efficacy of long-term use of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of dementia in men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study is a follow-up cohort study of the Japanese Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis With Aspirin for Diabetes (JPAD) trial, which was a randomized, open-label, standard care–controlled trial examining the effects of low-dose aspirin on cardiovascular events. We followed up 2,536 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in the JPAD trial from 2002 to 2017. The primary outcome of this post hoc analysis was the incidence of dementia, which was defined by the prescription of antidementia drugs or admission due to dementia. RESULTS Among the originally enrolled patients, 2,121 (84%) retained their original allocation. During a median follow-up of 11.4 years, 128 patients developed dementia. The overall effect of low-dose aspirin on the prevention of dementia adjusted for age, sex, and other established risk factors was not significant (hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.58–1.16). However, a significant reduction was seen in the risk of dementia in women (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.95), but not in men (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.75–2.13) (Pinteraction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Long-term use of low-dose aspirin may reduce the risk for dementia in women with T2D. Full Article
dose Study: Opioid overdose 14 times more likely in general public than cancer survivors By www.upi.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 13:25:09 -0400 Cancer survivors have a lower risk for a fatal opioid overdose -- from prescription pain medications or illegal drugs -- than those without the disease, an analysis published Thursday by JAMA Oncology shows. Full Article
dose A Dose of Libertarian Paternalism By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 07 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EDT About 25 years ago, Cass Sunstein opened a retirement account that had two portfolios. One was mostly bonds, the other mostly stocks. Like many academics who use the TIAA-CREF investment program, Sunstein divided his money equally between stocks and bonds. Full Article Opinions A Dose of Libertarian Paternalism
dose The Miniseries ‘Devs’ Delivers a Delicious Dose of Heroism and Villainy By blog.richmond.edu Published On :: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 13:06:15 +0000 By Scott T. Allison Devs is the ideal TV mini-series for people to sink their teeth into, for many reasons: (1) It’s both science and science-fiction; (2) it’s brilliant mix of psychology, philosophy, religion, and technology; (3) it tantalizes us with the mysteries of love, life, death, time, and space; and (4) it features a … Continue reading The Miniseries ‘Devs’ Delivers a Delicious Dose of Heroism and Villainy → Full Article Commentary and Analysis
dose Elements of materia medica : containing the chemistry and natural history of drugs, their effects, doses, and adulterations : with observations on all the new remedies recently introduced into practice, and on the preparations of the British Pharmacopoeia By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: London : J. Churchill, 1864. Full Article
dose Low-dose radiation effects on animals and ecosystems : long-term study on the Fukushima Nuclear Accident By dal.novanet.ca Published On :: Fri, 1 May 2020 19:44:43 -0300 Callnumber: OnlineISBN: 9789811382185 (electronic bk.) Full Article
dose Fentanyl found in P.E.I. drugs linked to 3 overdoses in 1 day By www.cbc.ca Published On :: Fri, 8 May 2020 13:12:05 EDT P.E.I.'s Chief Public Health Officer Dr. Heather Morrison says the powerful and potentially deadly drug fentanyl has been found in street drugs in the province. Full Article News/Canada/PEI
dose TV preview: Romesh Ranganathan - "I'm very good in small doses, in large doses I'm sickening." By www.heraldscotland.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 05:00:00 +0100 Stand-up Romesh Ranganathan is back with a second series of topical comedy show The Ranganation. He talks to Sherna Noah about filming the show in lockdown, the place of comedy in a crisis, and spending so much time with his family. Full Article
dose Varicella-Related Hospitalizations in the United States, 2000-2006: The 1-Dose Varicella Vaccination Era By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2011-01-03T04:00:54-08:00 A number of studies have examined the early impact of the varicella vaccination program on varicella-related hospitalizations and have found evidence of decline after vaccine implementation. This study further documents the continued decline in varicella-related hospitalizations during the 1-dose varicella vaccination era and demonstrates statistically significant declines of >65% in all age groups. These data suggest that varicella vaccination prevented ~50 000 hospitalizations from 2000 to 2006. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Dose-Response Relationship of Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinemia By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2012-07-16T00:07:04-07:00 A dose-response relationship exists between light irradiance and decrease of total serum bilirubin concentration (TsB) at relatively low irradiances. It has been questioned whether by increasing irradiance a "saturation point" exists, above which no further decrease of TsB is seen.We found a linear relation between light irradiance in the range of 20 to 55 μW/cm2/nm and decrease in TsB after 24 hours of therapy, with no evidence of a saturation point. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease and Vaccine Booster Dose Deferral, United States, 1998-2009 By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2012-08-06T00:08:22-07:00 Since the introduction of effective vaccines in the United States, the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in children aged <5 years has decreased by 99%. In 2007, in response to limited vaccine supply, Hib booster doses were deferred for 18 months.This review found no significant change in the incidence of invasive Hib disease in the United States during the booster dose deferral period, suggesting that booster dose deferral is a reasonable approach to Hib vaccine shortages in the short-term. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Impact of a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine on a Mumps Outbreak By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2012-11-05T00:07:48-08:00 Mumps outbreaks continue to occur among unvaccinated and highly vaccinated populations. In highly vaccinated populations, options for outbreak control are limited. No previous study has documented the impact of a third measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine dose on a mumps outbreak.Our study assessed the use of a third MMR vaccine dose for mumps outbreak control in a setting with preexisting high 2-dose vaccine coverage. The findings suggest a potential role of MMR vaccine for outbreak control in such limited settings. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Waning Immunity to Pertussis Following 5 Doses of DTaP By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2013-03-11T00:06:34-07:00 Despite high coverage with acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), rates of pertussis have increased substantially in 7- to 10-year-olds in recent years. Duration of protection with 5 doses of DTaP may wane earlier than expected and is currently not well described.This evaluation reports increasing risk of pertussis in the 6 years after receipt of the fifth DTaP dose, suggesting that waning of vaccine-induced immunity is occurring before the recommended adolescent booster dose at 11 to 12 years of age. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Pregnancy Dose Tdap and Postpartum Cocooning to Prevent Infant Pertussis: A Decision Analysis By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2013-05-27T00:06:55-07:00 Infants aged <2 months are at highest risk for pertussis morbidity and mortality but are too young to receive pertussis vaccines. To protect young infants, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends mothers receive 1 dose of Tdap during pregnancy.This article evaluates the effect of Tdap during pregnancy compared with postpartum Tdap and cocooning in preventing infant pertussis cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, as well as their relative cost-effectiveness. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Cost-Effectiveness of Using 2 vs 3 Primary Doses of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2013-07-01T00:07:00-07:00 Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are effective in preventing pneumococcal disease but are also costly. Although the current US immunization schedule recommends 4 doses, many countries have adopted 3-dose schedules that have worked well, but may provide less protection against pneumococcal disease.Changing the US 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule from 3 to 2 primary doses while keeping a booster dose would save $412 million annually but might lead to moderate increases in pneumococcal disease, especially otitis media and pneumonia. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Impact of a Routine Two-Dose Varicella Vaccination Program on Varicella Epidemiology By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2013-10-07T00:07:07-07:00 The 1-dose childhood varicella vaccination program in the United States resulted in dramatic declines in varicella incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths. There is little information on the impact of the 2006 recommendation for 2-dose varicella vaccination of children on varicella epidemiology.In the first 5 years of the 2-dose varicella vaccination program, declines in varicella incidence were seen in all age groups, including infants who are not eligible for varicella vaccination, providing evidence of the benefit of high population immunity. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Measles in Children Vaccinated With 2 Doses of MMR By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2013-10-21T00:07:33-07:00 School outbreak investigation in Quebec, Canada suggested that adolescents previously vaccinated with 2 doses of measles vaccine beginning at 12 months of age were at greater measles risk than those whose first dose was given at ≥15 months of age.Greater measles risk among earlier first-of-2-dose vaccine recipients was replicated as a generalized provincial finding during the 2011 epidemic in Quebec, Canada. The mechanism remains unknown, but the findings warrant additional evaluation in the context of measles elimination efforts. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Serum Tocopherol Levels in Very Preterm Infants After a Single Dose of Vitamin E at Birth By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2013-11-11T00:07:46-08:00 Preterm infants are born with low serum levels and low body stores of tocopherol. Serum levels ≥0.5 mg/dL are required for protection against lipid peroxidation. Previous studies have shown good intestinal absorption of vitamin E given intragastrically to preterm infants.Serum α-tocopherol increases after a single 50-IU/kg dose of vitamin E as dl-α-tocopheryl acetate given intragastrically to very preterm infants soon after birth; however, 30% of infants still have serum α-tocopherol level <0.5 mg/dL 24 hours after dosing. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Duration of Protection After First Dose of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Infants By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2014-02-10T00:07:08-08:00 Waning effectiveness of 5 doses of acellular pertussis vaccines is well documented after 6 years of age, but data are lacking for fewer doses in younger children.In 2- to 3-month-old infants, 1 dose of the diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis vaccine gave significant protection against hospitalized pertussis. The effectiveness of 3 doses decreased from 84% between 6 and 11 months to 59% after 3 years. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose High Doses of Methylprednisolone in the Management of Caustic Esophageal Burns By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2014-05-26T00:07:51-07:00 Corrosive substance ingestion is a public health issue in developing countries. Stricture formation is a late complication of corrosive substance ingestion. The role of corticosteroids in preventing corrosive-induced strictures is controversial.High doses of methylprednisolone therapy lead to less frequent stricture formation in grade IIb esophageal burns in children who ingested caustic substances and may improve prognosis. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose High-dose Vitamin A With Vaccination After 6 Months of Age: A Randomized Trial By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2014-08-18T00:07:03-07:00 The World Health Organization recommends using vaccination contacts to deliver high-dose vitamin A supplementation (VAS) to children aged 6 to 59 months. The effect of this policy on overall child mortality has not been assessed.In this first randomized controlled trial of VAS at routine vaccination contacts after 6 months, VAS had no overall effect on mortality but was associated with reduced mortality in girls and increased mortality in boys. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Text Message Reminders for Second Dose of Influenza Vaccine: A Randomized Controlled Trial By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2014-12-29T00:06:47-08:00 Influenza vaccine coverage is low, and young children in need of 2 doses in a given season are at particular risk, with less than half receiving both doses. Text message vaccine reminders increase receipt of first dose of influenza vaccine.Little is known about what types of text message reminders are most effective, including embedding educational information. We demonstrate that text message reminders increase timely receipt of the second dose of influenza vaccine and embedding health literacy information improves effectiveness. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children After Repeat Doses of Antenatal Glucocorticoids: An RCT By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2015-01-19T00:05:31-08:00 Administration of repeat doses of antenatal glucocorticoids to women at risk for preterm birth after an initial course reduces neonatal morbidity, without affecting rates of neurologic disability in early childhood. However, data on long-term effects on cardiometabolic health are limited.Exposure to repeat doses of antenatal betamethasone did not increase cardiovascular risk factors at early school age. Clinicians wishing to use repeat antenatal glucocorticoids can be reassured that the risk of future cardiometabolic disease from this therapy is low. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose First Pertussis Vaccine Dose and Prevention of Infant Mortality By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2015-05-04T00:05:17-07:00 Few studies have established the protective efficacy of 1 to 3 primary doses of diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTwP)/diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines against pertussis, hospitalization, or pertussis complications in infants. However, vaccine effectiveness against infant pertussis death has not been previously reported.This is the first study to report the protective role of ≥1 DTwP/DTaP doses among vaccine-eligible infants aged ≥6 weeks against death, hospitalization, and complications from pertussis. It describes risk markers for death among vaccine-ineligible infants aged <6 weeks. (Read the full article) Full Article
dose Significant efficacy of single low dose primaquine compared to stand alone artemisinin combination therapy in reducing gametocyte carriage in Cambodian patients with uncomplicated multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria [Epidemiology and Surveil By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-03-16T08:17:37-07:00 Since 2012, single low dose of primaquine (SLDPQ, 0.25mg/kg) has been recommended with artemisinin-based combination therapies, as first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, to interrupt its transmission, especially in low transmission settings of multidrug, including artemisinin, resistance. Policy makers in Cambodia have been reluctant to implement this recommendation due to primaquine safety concerns and lack of data on its efficacy.In this randomized controlled trial, 109 Cambodians with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria received dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) alone or combined with SLDPQ on the first treatment day. Transmission-blocking efficacy of SLDPQ was evaluated on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and recrudescence by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (gametocyte prevalence) and membrane-feeding assays with Anopheles minimus mosquitoes (gametocyte infectivity). Without the influence of recrudescent infections, DP+SLDPQ reduced gametocyte carriage 3 fold compared to DP. Of 48 patients tested on Day 0, only three patients were infectious to mosquitoes (~6%). Post-treatment, three patients were infectious: on D14 (3.5%, 1/29), and on the first and seventh day of recrudescence (8.3%, 1/12 for each); this overall low infectivity precluded our ability to assess its transmission blocking efficacy.Our study confirms effective gametocyte clearance of SLDPQ when combined with DP in multidrug resistant P. falciparum and the negative impact of recrudescent infections due to poor DP efficacy. Artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ) has replaced DP and ASMQ-SLDPQ has been deployed to treat all P. falciparum symptomatic patients to further support the elimination of multidrug resistant P. falciparum in Cambodia. Full Article
dose Optimal dose or optimal exposure? Consideration for linezolid in tuberculosis treatment [Letters] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T08:49:24-07:00 Exploring different ways of minimising linezolid toxicity without compromising efficacy is a major quest in the treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB).... Full Article
dose Reply to Kim et al., "Optimal Dose or Optimal Exposure? Consideration for Linezolid in Tuberculosis Treatment" [Author Reply] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T08:49:24-07:00 We thank Kim and colleagues for their interest in our study.... Full Article
dose Overdose Review Commission releases annual report By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Tue, 02 Jul 2019 19:32:04 +0000 Recommendations include expanded residential treatment, public education, and naloxone access The Delaware Drug Overdose Fatality Review Commission (DOFRC) has released its first annual report to Governor John Carney and the General Assembly with recommendations aimed at reducing overdose deaths in Delaware based on review of the circumstances of deaths over the past year. The 23-page […] Full Article Department of Justice Department of Justice Press Releases News
dose In Wake of 12 Overdoses in New Jersey, Delaware Health Officials Issue Warning to People in Active Use By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Tue, 10 Apr 2018 13:31:15 +0000 NEW CASTLE (April 10, 2018) – In the wake of a dozen overdoses in Camden, N.J., including four that were fatal on Friday, Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) Secretary Dr. Kara Odom Walker is urging people in active substance use in Delaware to be aware of the increased possibility that heroin could be […] Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Department of Safety and Homeland Security Division of Public Health News fatal overdose Fentanyl Heroin Naloxone overdose
dose Delaware Health Officials Issue Warning for Sussex County after Suspected Overdoses By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 20:06:00 +0000 NEW CASTLE (July 18, 2018) – With more than half of the deaths from suspected overdoses occurring in Sussex County so far this month, Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) Secretary Dr. Kara Odom Walker is urging the community to be aware of the uptick and also is warning people in active substance use […] Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Governor John Carney News Office of the Governor Office of the Lieutenant Governor Sussex County
dose Health Officials Issue New Warning after 8 Deaths from Suspected Overdoses Occur Statewide in 4-Day Span By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Tue, 14 Aug 2018 16:19:32 +0000 NEW CASTLE (Aug. 14, 2018) – Eight people have died from suspected overdoses in a four-day span across the state causing Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) Secretary Dr. Kara Odom Walker to alert the community to the wave of deaths and urging people in active use to seek treatment immediately and to carry […] Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Department of Safety and Homeland Security Governor John Carney News Office of the Governor Addiction HelpIsHereDE.com Naloxone overdose substance abuse treatment
dose DPH Announces Sustained Funding for Overdose-Reversing Medication Naloxone By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Mon, 15 Oct 2018 17:15:18 +0000 Increasing access to the overdose-reversing medication naloxone has been a key priority for the Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) as state and local partners work together to develop solutions to address the opioid epidemic. In support of that, the Department’s Division of Public Health (DPH) is announcing sustained funding for naloxone for first responder agencies statewide. Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health News DE Division of Public Health first responders Naloxone narcan opioids overdose response
dose DPH to distribute overdose reversing medication naloxone March 2, 2019 at AtTack Addiction 5K By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Wed, 13 Feb 2019 19:38:19 +0000 NEW CASTLE (Feb. 13, 2019) – In an effort to reduce the number of individuals overdosing, and dying from drug overdoses in Delaware, the Division of Public Health (DPH) is announcing the Community Naloxone Distribution Initiative. DPH will distribute free naloxone kits to members of the general public, at events in each county in March. […] Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health Addiction Delaware health Naloxone overdose
dose DPH to Distribute Overdose Reversing Medication Naloxone March 9, 2019 in Georgetown By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Fri, 01 Mar 2019 20:56:12 +0000 GEORGETOWN (March 1, 2019) – In an effort to reduce the number of individuals dying from drug overdoses in Delaware, the Division of Public Health (DPH) will hold Community Naloxone Distribution events in each county throughout the month of March. DPH will distribute free naloxone kits to members of the general public from 10 a.m. […] Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health Addiction DE Division of Public Health health Naloxone opioid epidemic opioids
dose DPH Launches Smartphone App Featuring Lifesaving Instructions to Reverse an Opioid Overdose By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Wed, 13 Mar 2019 15:17:13 +0000 The Division of Public Health launched a new smartphone app that provides lifesaving step-by-step instructions on how to use naloxone during an opioid overdose. Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health News Addiction DE Division of Public Health fatal overdose Naloxone overdose response
dose Seek Treatment, Access to Naloxone: Three Suspected Heroin Overdose Deaths in Sussex Co. Involving Same Packet Stamp By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Wed, 13 Mar 2019 19:24:56 +0000 NEW CASTLE (March 13, 2019) – Health and public safety officials are urging people in active use of heroin or other opioids and their families to seek immediate treatment and acquire the overdose-reversing medication naloxone on hand in the wake of three suspected heroin overdose deaths in five days in Sussex County involving the same […] Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health News Office of the Governor fatal overdose Fentanyl Heroin Naloxone overdose response
dose DPH to Distribute Overdose Reversing Medication Naloxone March 20, 2019 in Dover By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Fri, 15 Mar 2019 17:32:00 +0000 The Division of Public Health will distribute free naloxone kits to members of the general public from 5:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m., on Wednesday, March 20, 2019, at Delaware Technical Community College, Terry Campus, 100 Campus Drive, Dover, DE 19904. The distribution event will be held in the Corporate Training Center, Rooms 408 and 412. Individuals are encouraged to stop by at any time during the event. Training takes approximately 15 minutes. Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health News addiction epidemic DE Division of Public Health Naloxone overdose response
dose DPH Releases First Drug Overdose Mortality Surveillance Report By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Wed, 14 Aug 2019 15:59:04 +0000 WILMINGTON – For the first time, the Delaware Division of Public Health (DPH) through the integration of 12 multi-agency datasets, has developed a demographic picture of the Delawareans who died from drug overdoses in 2017. DPH released the Drug Overdose Mortality Surveillance Report, Delaware, 2017, in Wilmington on Wednesday, Aug. 14, 2019. In addition to […] Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health News drug overdose opioid epidemic overdose mortality surveillance report public health
dose Delaware Officials Issue Warning after 6 Suspected Overdose Deaths During Holiday Weekend By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Tue, 03 Sep 2019 17:04:05 +0000 NEW CASTLE (Sept. 3, 2019) – Health and public safety officials are urging people in active use of heroin or other opioids and their families to seek immediate treatment and to acquire the overdose-reversing medication naloxone in the wake of six suspected overdose deaths, including four in Sussex County, during the holiday weekend. The six […] Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health News Office of the Governor Sussex County drug overdose fatal overdose Naloxone narcan overdose
dose DPH to Distribute Overdose-Reversing Medication Naloxone Friday, Sept. 6 in Millsboro By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Thu, 05 Sep 2019 20:29:01 +0000 n response to six suspected overdose deaths, including four in Sussex County, that occurred over the holiday weekend, the Division of Public Health (DPH) will hold a Community Naloxone Training and Distribution event in Millsboro on Friday, Sept. 6, 2019. DPH will distribute free naloxone kits to members of the public from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at Millsboro Fire Company, 109 East State St., Millsboro, DE 19966. Full Article Delaware Health and Social Services Division of Public Health News Addiction DE Division of Public Health Help Is Here Naloxone overdose overdose response public health substance use substance use disorder