esp Ceguera espiritual, 2ª Parte B By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Thu, 22 Aug 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La armadura de Dios: La espada del Espíritu A By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Mon, 09 Sep 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La armadura de Dios: La espada del Espíritu B By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Tue, 10 Sep 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La responsabilidad del Cristiano al gobierno, 1ª parte A By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Mon, 21 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La responsabilidad del Cristiano al gobierno, 1ª parte B By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Tue, 22 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La responsabilidad del Cristiano al gobierno, 2ª Parte A By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Wed, 23 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La responsabilidad del Cristiano al gobierno, 2ª Parte B By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Thu, 24 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La responsabilidad del Cristiano al gobierno, 3ª Parte A By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Fri, 25 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La responsabilidad del Cristiano al gobierno, 3ª Parte B By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La responsabilidad del cristiano al gobierno, 4ª parte A By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp La responsabilidad del cristiano al gobierno, 4ª parte B By feeds.gracia.org Published On :: Wed, 30 Oct 2024 00:00:00 PST La enseñanza bíblica en profundidad de John MacArthur lleva la verdad transformadora de la Palabra de Dios a millones de personas cada día.Click the icon below to listen. Full Article
esp Twin Truths: God’s Sovereignty and Man’s Responsibility By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Fri, 05 May 2017 00:00:00 PST Full Article
esp Will Iran respond to Israel's attack? The answer may surprise you By www.jpost.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 23:40:44 GMT The limited scope of the Israeli attack, which targeted only a few military bases and weapons storage facilities without causing widespread damage, does not necessitate an Iranian response. Full Article Benjamin Netanyahu Iran iran response to israeli attack israel iran attack Middle East Yoav Gallant
esp U.S. Response to North Korea's Threats By Published On :: Fri, 12 Apr 2013 13:09:00 GMT North Korea's blustering comes as no surprise, but what does the U.S. response mean for geostrategic maneuvering in the Asia-Pacific region. Full Article
esp Gov't ready for calamity response; staff fatigue a big concern - OCD By newsinfo.inquirer.net Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 12:50:09 +0800 MANILA, Philippines — The Office of the Civil Defense (OCD) on Wednesday said the government is ready to respond to the effects of typhoons in the coming days and weeks of the year. OCD head Ariel Nepomuceno, however, admitted that the consecutive storms/typhoons in the past few weeks are unprecedented, even in the current system the government has for disaster response. “Nakalatag naman ‘yung sistema natin, although admittedly itong sistema natin hindi na-assume ‘yung ganitong scenario, bago rin sa’tin ito,” said Nepomuceno during a Kapihan sa Manila Hotel briefing. (Our system is in place, although admittedly our system did not […]...Keep on reading: Gov't ready for calamity response; staff fatigue a big concern - OCD Full Article
esp New Somali Piracy Threats Require Partnerships and Holistic Responses By allafrica.com Published On :: Thu, 07 Nov 2024 13:26:29 GMT [ISS] Somalia's upcoming seat on the UN Security Council should allow it to shape international maritime security policies. Full Article East Africa Governance Legal and Judicial Affairs Somalia
esp World Inequality Still Rising Despite Some Convergence By www.ipsnews.net Published On :: Wed, 06 Nov 2024 09:21:58 +0000 Despite earlier income convergence among nations, many low-income countries (LICs) and people are falling further behind. Worse, the number of poor and hungry has been increasing again after declining for decades. After the post-Second World War ‘Golden Age’ ended over half a century ago, the world has seen unequal and uneven economic growth, industrialisation, and […] Full Article Development & Aid Economy & Trade Financial Crisis Global Headlines Inequality Poverty & SDGs TerraViva United Nations IPS UN Bureau
esp Doctrine: The Preacher's Responsibility By feeds.gty.org Published On :: Wed, 14 Aug 2024 00:00:00 PST “Preach the word!” (2 Timothy 4:2, NKJV). To the church today, those words may sound unusual as a pastor’s primary job description. We are used to all kinds of other “ministry” endeavors fighting for position in a long list of pastoral responsibilities. Even for those who affirm the primacy of preaching, the kind of preaching they want is purely practical—thus, doctrine (which is presumed to be utterly impractical) is the mortal enemy.READ MORE Full Article
esp Afghan Girls Share Their Despair and Visions for the Future Under Taliban Rule By www.ipsnews.net Published On :: Fri, 11 Oct 2024 07:04:52 +0000 The 15 August 2021 Taliban takeover of Afghanistan devastated the lives of millions of Afghans. But the rights and freedoms of women and girls in particular have been progressively trampled by a series of edicts that have created a virtual system of gender apartheid. Full Article Active Citizens Civil Society Editors' Choice Featured Gender Gender Violence Headlines Human Rights Humanitarian Emergencies Inequality Middle East & North Africa Religion Sustainable Development Goals TerraViva United Nations Women & Economy Women in Politics Women's Health Afghanistan IPS UN Bureau IPS UN Bureau Report UN Women
esp William tops Bald Man list despite Charlotte's 'floods of tears' over his beard By www.thenews.com.pk Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 17:46:51 +0500 William's new beard style didn't go down well with his daughter, Princess CharlottePrince William has reclaimed his title as the "Sexiest Bald Man Alive" for the second consecutive year, surpassing Hollywood stars like Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson. This honour, based on a study of search traffic... Full Article
esp Seeds of Resilience Despite Massive Destruction in Gaza By www.ipsnews.net Published On :: Tue, 29 Oct 2024 03:21:25 +0000 It was two weeks before October 7—when Hamas attacked Israel—that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stood behind the rostrum in the United Nations General Assembly hall clutching a crude map of what he called the “new Middle East,” a visual that erased the land of Palestine. A year later, Israel’s retaliatory war in Gaza has accelerated, […] Full Article Active Citizens Armed Conflicts Civil Society Editors' Choice Environment Featured Food and Agriculture Headlines Human Rights Humanitarian Emergencies Middle East & North Africa Sustainable Development Goals TerraViva United Nations Gaza IPS UN Bureau IPS UN Bureau Report Israel Palestine
esp 4 Reasons Why the Climate Coalition Will Win Despite Trump By www.ipsnews.net Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 09:03:40 +0000 The nation which more than any other caused the climate crisis will leave it to the rest of the world to sort out the mess. That is a takeaway from the US election last week. The numbers are clear: US emissions up to today are 8 times the Chinese, 25 times the Indian and the […] Full Article Climate Action Climate Change Environment Global Green Economy Headlines TerraViva United Nations IPS UN Bureau
esp EAC has ‘shirked responsibility’ to pass costs on to consumer By cyprus-mail.com Published On :: 2024-11-12T20:32:25+02:00 The energy regulator said on Tuesday it will review data purporting to show how the Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC) could “trim the fat” and cut costs by up to 15 per cent, translating into lower utility bills for consumers. The EAC’s “fat” has become a buzzword after Michalis Persianis, head of the Fiscal Council, […] Full Article Cyprus Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC) fuel utility bills
esp to write a summary analysis response paper By english.al-akhbar.com Published On :: to write a summary analysis response paper Full Article
esp Strengthening Country Systems for Prevention and Response to Gender-Based Violence By www.adb.org Published On :: 2024-10-30 The proposed project will support the Royal Government of Cambodia in its commitment to reduce Gender-based Violence (GBV) line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 on gender equality, specifically to eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, through proven and novel approaches across the continuum of prevention, mitigation, and response. Full Article
esp Chimpanzees will never randomly type the complete works of Shakespeare By www.newscientist.com Published On :: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 11:21:30 +0000 The infinite monkey theorem states that illiterate primates could write great literature with enough time, but the amount of time needed is much longer than the lifespan of the universe Full Article
esp U.S. Child Abuse Cases Falling, Despite Recession By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: U.S. Child Abuse Cases Falling, Despite RecessionCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/25/2010 12:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 8/26/2010 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp Gene Tweak Boosts Lifespan by 20 Percent in Mice By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Gene Tweak Boosts Lifespan by 20 Percent in MiceCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/29/2013 12:35:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 8/30/2013 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp Liver Damage From Hepatitis C More Widespread Than Thought By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Liver Damage From Hepatitis C More Widespread Than ThoughtCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/27/2015 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/27/2015 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp Despite Pockets of Resistance, Most U.S. Kids Getting Vaccinated By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Despite Pockets of Resistance, Most U.S. Kids Getting VaccinatedCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/27/2015 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/28/2015 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp Average Lifespan Longer for Twins By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Average Lifespan Longer for TwinsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/23/2016 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/24/2016 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp 6 in 10 of America's Single Guys 'Take Responsibility' for Contraception By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: 6 in 10 of America's Single Guys 'Take Responsibility' for ContraceptionCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/31/2017 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/31/2017 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp Chronic Illness Can Plunge Young Adults Into Despair By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Chronic Illness Can Plunge Young Adults Into DespairCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/31/2017 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 9/1/2017 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp J&J Says Booster Shot Ups Immune Response to COVID By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: J&J Says Booster Shot Ups Immune Response to COVIDCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/25/2021 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/25/2021 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp AHA News: Newborn Was 'Very Sick Little Boy' Despite Several Normal Prenatal Ultrasounds By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Thu, 25 Aug 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: AHA News: Newborn Was 'Very Sick Little Boy' Despite Several Normal Prenatal UltrasoundsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp Prehistoric People Drank Animal Milk, Despite Lactose Intolerance By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Thu, 28 Jul 2022 00:00:00 PDT Title: Prehistoric People Drank Animal Milk, Despite Lactose IntoleranceCategory: Health NewsCreated: 7/27/2022 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 7/28/2022 12:00:00 AM Full Article
esp Evidence-based management of symptoms in serious respiratory illness: what is in our toolbox? By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-30T01:30:15-07:00 Extract Living with a respiratory illness requires patients to manage a wide range of symptoms, many of which will worsen as a disease progresses. Breathlessness is a hallmark feature of respiratory conditions, occurring in almost all individuals with COPD and interstitial lung disease (ILD) [1, 2]. Cough is present in 78% of people with ILD and is frequently distressing, with physical, social and emotional impacts [1, 3]. Full Article
esp Antibody-mediated protection against respiratory syncytial virus in children By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major global pathogen, causing lower respiratory tract disease in at-risk populations including young children. Antibodies form a crucial layer of protection from RSV disease, particularly in immunologically naïve infants. Such antibodies are derived from the mother via transplacental transfer and breast milk, but may be particularly low in high-risk infants such as those born preterm. Maternally derived antibodies can now be supplemented by the administration of anti-RSV monoclonal antibodies, while a rising wave of maternal and paediatric vaccine strategies are approaching. The implementation of these prophylactics may profoundly decrease the healthcare burden of RSV. In this article, we review the role of antibody-mediated immunity in protecting children from RSV. We focus on maternally derived antibodies as the main source of protection against RSV and study factors that influence the scale of this transfer. The role of passive and active prophylactic approaches in protecting infants against RSV are discussed and knowledge gaps in our understanding of antibody-mediated protection against RSV are identified. Full Article
esp Multicomponent services for symptoms in serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-30T01:30:15-07:00 Background People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of symptoms. This review aimed to determine whether multicomponent services reduce symptoms in people with serious illness related to respiratory disease. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating multicomponent services that enrolled patients due to symptoms, rather than underlying disease, and provided at least one nonpharmacological intervention. The primary outcome was chronic breathlessness and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cough, fatigue and adverse events. At least two authors independently screened studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Results Five RCTs, involving 439 patients, were included. In comparison to usual care, multicomponent services improved breathlessness mastery (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) mastery scale, mean difference (MD) 0.43 points, 95% CI 0.20–0.67, three RCTs, 327 participants) and HRQoL (CRQ total score, MD 0.24 points, 95% CI 0.04–0.40, two RCTs, 237 participants). Fatigue did not improve with multicomponent services and no studies evaluated cough. No serious adverse events were reported. The one study evaluating mortality found increased survival in those accessing a multicomponent service. The certainty of evidence was very low, mainly due to detection and reporting bias. Conclusion Multicomponent services improve breathlessness mastery and HRQoL, with minimal risk. These findings support the use of multicomponent symptom-directed services for people living with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
esp The effect of graded exercise therapy on fatigue in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background In adults with serious respiratory illness, fatigue is prevalent and under-recognised, with few treatment options. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of graded exercise therapy (GET) on fatigue in adults with serious respiratory illness. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing GET (involving incremental increases in exercise from an established baseline) in adults with serious respiratory illness. The primary outcome was fatigue and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse events. Two authors independently screened for inclusion, evaluated risk of bias and extracted data. Results 76 RCTs were included with 3309 participants, most with a diagnosis of COPD or asthma. Reductions in fatigue measured by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire fatigue domain score were demonstrated following GET consisting of aerobic with/without resistance training (mean difference (MD) 0.53 points, 95% CI 0.41–0.65, 11 RCTs, 624 participants) and GET using resistance training alone (MD 0.58 points, 95% CI 0.21–0.96, two RCTs, 82 participants) compared with usual care. Although the mean effect exceeded the minimal important difference, the lower end of the confidence intervals did not always exceed this threshold so the clinical significance could not be confirmed. GET consistently improved HRQoL in people with a range of chronic respiratory diseases on multiple HRQoL measures. No serious adverse events related to GET were reported. Conclusion GET may improve fatigue alongside consistent improvements in HRQoL in people with serious respiratory illness. These findings support the use of GET in the care of people with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
esp Breathing techniques to reduce symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-30T01:30:15-07:00 Background In adults with serious respiratory illness, breathlessness is prevalent and associated with reduced health-related quality of life. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of breathing techniques on breathlessness in adults with serious respiratory illness. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials testing breathing techniques (techniques that aim to alter the respiratory pattern, excluding respiratory muscle training) in people with serious respiratory illness. The primary outcome was breathlessness and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life and adverse events. Two authors independently screened for inclusion, evaluated risk of bias and extracted data. Results 73 randomised controlled trials were included with 5479 participants, most with COPD or asthma. Breathing exercises (pursed lip and/or diaphragmatic breathing) reduced breathlessness measured by the modified Medical Research Council scale compared to usual care (mean difference (MD) –0.40 points, 95% CI –0.70– –0.11, eight studies, n=323), although the effect did not exceed the minimal important difference. Yoga breathing also improved modified Medical Research Council score compared to usual care (MD –1.05 points, 95% CI –2.45–0.35, three studies, n=175). Breathing techniques consistently improved health-related quality of life in people with COPD and asthma on multiple health-related quality of life measures in comparison to usual care, with effects that generally exceeded the minimal important difference. No adverse events related to breathing techniques were reported. Conclusion Breathing techniques may improve breathlessness, and consistently improve health-related quality of life, in people with serious respiratory illness. These findings support the use of breathing exercises in the care of people with serious respiratory illness. Full Article
esp Opioids for the palliation of symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis By err.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2024-10-09T00:15:15-07:00 Background People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of distressing symptoms. Although opioids are prescribed for symptom management, they generate adverse events, and their benefits are unclear. Methods We examined the efficacy and safety of opioids for symptom management in people with serious respiratory illness. Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to 11 July 2022. Reports of randomised controlled trials administering opioids to treat symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness were included. Key exclusion criteria included <80% of participants having a nonmalignant lung disease. Data were extracted regarding study characteristics, outcomes of breathlessness, cough, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adverse events. Treatment effects were pooled using a generic inverse variance model with random effects. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 1. Results Out of 17 included trials, six were laboratory-based exercise trials (n=70), 10 were home studies measuring breathlessness in daily life (n=788) and one (n=18) was conducted in both settings. Overall certainty of evidence was "very low" to "low". Opioids reduced breathlessness intensity during laboratory exercise testing (standardised mean difference (SMD) –0.37, 95% CI –0.67– –0.07), but not breathlessness measured in daily life (SMD –0.10, 95% CI –0.64–0.44). No effects on HRQoL (SMD –0.42, 95% CI –0.98–0.13) or cough (SMD –1.42, 95% CI –3.99–1.16) were detected. In at-home studies, opioids led to increased frequency of nausea/vomiting (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.70–6.51), constipation (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.69–5.61) and drowsiness (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.86), with serious adverse events including hospitalisation and death identified. Conclusions Opioids improved exertional breathlessness in laboratory exercise studies, but did not improve breathlessness, cough or HRQoL measured in daily life at home. There were significant adverse events, which may outweigh any benefits. Full Article
esp Comparing Highs and Flows in Patients With COPD With Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure By rc.rcjournal.com Published On :: 2024-10-25T05:44:13-07:00 Full Article
esp Home Respiratory Strategies in Patients With COPD With Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure By rc.rcjournal.com Published On :: 2024-10-25T05:44:13-07:00 BACKGROUND:Home noninvasive ventilation (NIV) may improve chronic hypercarbia in COPD and patient-important outcomes. The efficacy of home high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) as an alternative is unclear.METHODS:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized trials of subjects from inception to March 31, 2023, and updated the search on July 14, 2023. We performed a frequentist network meta-analysis and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing NIV, HFNC, or standard care in adult subjects with COPD with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Outcomes included mortality, COPD exacerbations, hospitalizations, and quality of life (St George Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ]).RESULTS:We analyzed 24 RCTs (1,850 subjects). We found that NIV may reduce the risk of death compared to standard care (relative risk 0.82 [95% CI 0.66–1.00]) and probably reduces exacerbations (relative risk 0.71 [95% CI 0.58–0.87]). HFNC probably reduces exacerbations compared to standard care (relative risk 0.77 [0.68–0.88]), but its effect on mortality is uncertain (relative risk 1.20 [95% CI 0.63–2.28]). HFNC probably improves SGRQ scores (mean difference −7.01 [95% CI −12.27 to −1.77]) and may reduce hospitalizations (relative risk 0.87 [0.69–1.09]) compared to standard care. No significant difference was observed between HFNC and NIV in reducing exacerbations.CONCLUSIONS:Both NIV and HFNC reduce exacerbation risks in subjects with COPD compared to standard care. HFNC may offer advantages in improving quality of life. Full Article
esp Exploring the Impact of Varied Design Approaches and Materials in Respiratory Therapy Education By rc.rcjournal.com Published On :: 2024-10-25T05:44:13-07:00 Full Article
esp Effects of Lung Injury and Abdominal Insufflation on Respiratory Mechanics and Lung Volume During Time-Controlled Adaptive Ventilation By rc.rcjournal.com Published On :: 2024-10-25T05:44:12-07:00 BACKGROUD:Lung volume measurements are important for monitoring functional aeration and recruitment and may help guide adjustments in ventilator settings. The expiratory phase of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) may provide physiologic information about lung volume based on the expiratory flow-time slope, angle, and time to approach a no-flow state (expiratory time [TE]). We hypothesized that expiratory flow would correlate with estimated lung volume (ELV) as measured using a modified nitrogen washout/washin technique in a large-animal lung injury model.METHODS:Eight pigs (35.2 ± 1.0 kg) were mechanically ventilated using an Engström Carescape R860 on the APRV mode. All settings were held constant except the expiratory duration, which was adjusted based on the expiratory flow curve. Abdominal pressure was increased to 15 mm Hg in normal and injured lungs to replicate a combination of pulmonary and extrapulmonary lung injury. ELV was estimated using the Carescape FRC INview tool. The expiratory flow-time slope and TE were measured from the expiratory flow profile.RESULTS:Lung elastance increased with induced lung injury from 29.3 ± 7.3 cm H2O/L to 39.9 ± 15.1cm H2O/L, and chest wall elastance increased with increasing intra-abdominal pressures (IAPs) from 15.3 ± 4.1 cm H2O/L to 25.7 ± 10.0 cm H2O/L in the normal lung and 15.8 ± 6.0 cm H2O/L to 33.0 ± 6.2 cm H2O/L in the injured lung (P = .39). ELV decreased from 1.90 ± 0.83 L in the injured lung to 0.67 ± 0.10 L by increasing IAP to 15 mm Hg. This had a significant correlation with a TE decrease from 2.3 ± 0.8 s to 1.0 ± 0.1 s in the injured group with increasing insufflation pressures (ρ = 0.95) and with the expiratory flow-time slope, which increased from 0.29 ± 0.06 L/s2 to 0.63 ± 0.05 L/s2 (ρ = 0.78).CONCLUSIONS:Changes in ELV over time, and the TE and flow-time slope, could be used to demonstrate evolving lung injury during APRV. Using the slope to infer changes in functional lung volume represents a unique, reproducible, real-time, bedside technique that does not interrupt ventilation and may be used for clinical interpretation. Full Article
esp The Impact of Increased PEEP on Hemodynamics, Respiratory Mechanics, and Oxygenation in Pediatric ARDS By rc.rcjournal.com Published On :: 2024-10-25T05:44:12-07:00 BACKGROUND:PEEP is a cornerstone treatment for children with pediatric ARDS. Unfortunately, its titration is often performed solely by evaluating oxygen saturation, which can lead to inadequate PEEP level settings and consequent adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of increasing PEEP on hemodynamics, respiratory system mechanics, and oxygenation in children with ARDS.METHODS:Children receiving mechanical ventilation and on pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed mode were prospectively assessed for inclusion. PEEP was sequentially changed to 5, 12, 10, 8 cm H2O, and again to 5 cm H2O. After 10 min at each PEEP level, hemodynamic, ventilatory, and oxygenation variables were collected.RESULTS:A total of 31 subjects were included, with median age and weight of 6 months and 6.3 kg, respectively. The main reasons for pediatric ICU admission were respiratory failure caused by acute viral bronchiolitis (45%) and community-acquired pneumonia (32%). Most subjects had mild or moderate ARDS (45% and 42%, respectively), with a median (interquartile range) oxygenation index of 8.4 (5.8–12.7). Oxygen saturation improved significantly when PEEP was increased. However, although no significant changes in blood pressure were observed, the median cardiac index at PEEP of 12 cm H2O was significantly lower than that observed at any other PEEP level (P = .001). Fourteen participants (45%) experienced a reduction in cardiac index of > 10% when PEEP was increased to 12 cm H2O. Also, the estimated oxygen delivery was significantly lower, at 12 cm H2O PEEP. Finally, respiratory system compliance significantly reduced when PEEP was increased. At a PEEP of 12 cm H2O, static compliance had a median reduction of 25% in relation to the initial assessment (PEEP of 5 cm H2O).CONCLUSIONS:Although it may improve arterial oxygen saturation, inappropriately high PEEP levels may reduce cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and respiratory system compliance in pediatric subjects with ARDS with low potential for lung recruitability. Full Article
esp Quantitative Computed Tomography and Response to Pronation in COVID-19 ARDS By rc.rcjournal.com Published On :: 2024-10-25T05:44:12-07:00 BACKGROUND:The use of prone position (PP) has been widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas it has demonstrated benefits, including improved oxygenation and lung aeration, the factors influencing the response in terms of gas exchange to PP remain unclear. In particular, the association between baseline quantitative computed tomography (CT) scan results and gas exchange response to PP in invasively ventilated subjects with COVID-19 ARDS is unknown. The present study aimed to compare baseline quantitative CT results between subjects responding to PP in terms of oxygenation or CO2 clearance and those who did not.METHODS:This was a single-center, retrospective observational study including critically ill, invasively ventilated subjects with COVID-19–related ARDS admitted to the ICUs of Niguarda Hospital between March 2020–November 2021. Blood gas samples were collected before and after PP. Subjects in whom the PaO2/FIO2 increase was ≥ 20 mm Hg after PP were defined as oxygen responders. CO2 responders were defined when the ventilatory ratio (VR) decreased during PP. Automated quantitative CT analyses were performed to obtain tissue mass and density of the lungs.RESULTS:One hundred twenty-five subjects were enrolled, of which 116 (93%) were O2 responders and 51 (41%) CO2 responders. No difference in quantitative CT characteristics and oxygen were observed between responders and non-responders (tissue mass 1,532 ± 396 g vs 1,654 ± 304 g, P = .28; density −544 ± 109 HU vs −562 ± 58 HU P = .42). Similar findings were observed when dividing the population according to CO2 response (tissue mass 1,551 ± 412 g vs 1,534 ± 377 g, P = .89; density −545 ± 123 HU vs −546 ± 94 HU, P = .99).CONCLUSIONS:Most subjects with COVID-19–related ARDS improved their oxygenation at the first pronation cycle. The study suggests that baseline quantitative CT scan data were not associated with the response to PP in oxygenation or CO2 in mechanically ventilated subjects with COVID-19–related ARDS. Full Article