We created Trend Micro ELF Hash (telfhash), an open-source clustering algorithm that effectively clusters Linux IoT malware created using ELF files.

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The tax burden in the Slovak Republic increased by 1.5 percentage points from 28.1% to 29.6%, the third highest rise amongst member countries in 2013. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.7% to 34.1%. The Slovak standard VAT rate is 20%, which is above the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

The tax burden in Portugal increased by 2.2 percentage points from 31.2% to 33.4, the largest rise amongst member countries in 2013. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.7% to 34.1%. The Portuguese standard VAT rate is 23%, which is well above the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

The tax burden in Poland increased by 0.3 percentage points from 31.8% to 32.1% in 20121. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.3% to 34.7%. The Polish standard VAT rate is 23%, which is well above the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

The tax burden in Norway declined by 1.5 percentage points from 42.3% to 40.8%, the largest fall amongst member countries in 2013. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.7% to 34.1%. The Norwegian standard VAT rate is 25%, which is considerably above the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

Kim Kardashian posts sultry pictures with a new fishnet hairdo.

The tax burden in the United States of America increased by 1percentage point from 24.4% to 25.4% in 2013. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.7% to 34.1%. The United States is the only OECD country that employs a retail sales tax rather than a value added tax (VAT) as the principal consumption tax.

The tax burden in New Zealand declined by 0.9 percentage points from 33.0% to 32.1%, the third largest fall amongst member countries in 2013. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.7% to 34.1%. New Zealand’s standard GST rate is 15%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

The Canadian standard Federal GST rate is 5.0%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the OECD was 19.3% as of 1 January 2019. The previous standard VAT rate in Canada was 6% in 2007. It changed to the current level in 2008. Canada applies a reduced federal GST rate of 0% to a number of goods and services as well as specific regional rates.

The tax burden in the Netherlands increased by 0.4 percentage points from 35.9% to 36.3% in 20121. The corresponding figure for the OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.3% to 33.7%. The Dutch standard VAT rate is 21%, which is above the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

Organised in Istanbul, this event focused on financial education across Europe and in Turkey, the role(s) of the private and not-for-profit sectors in financial education, financial literacy and innovation for young people and financial education for migrant workers and their families.

The tax burden in Turkey increased by 1.7 percentage points from 27.6% to 29.3% in 2013. The OECD average was an increase of 0.4 percentage points from 33.7% to 34.1%. The Turkish standard VAT rate is 18%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST standard rate in the OECD was 19.1% on 1 January 2014.

This new annual publication presents unique insights into global competition trends based on data from more than 50 OECD and non-OECD jurisdictions. In addition to analysing different regimes and their resources, the report describes enforcement trends relating to cartels, abuse of dominance cases and merger reviews. A special section focuses on cartel sanctions.

Tax administrations continue to face the challenges of improving their performance while reducing costs, decreasing compliance burdens for taxpayers tackling non-compliance. Improving taxpayer services, while making non-compliance harder, is helping revenue bodies increase their efficiency and allowing governments to finance important programmes that will further benefit their citizens.

Tax burdens and revenue collection across the OECD countries are reaching levels not seen since before the global financial crisis. Nevertheless, the tax mix varies enormously across the advanced economies.

Foreign direct investment can play an important role in financing development, with multinational enterprises also providing employment, technology transfer and access to international markets. This chapter from the 2016 Development Co-operation report examines these trends, the main factors shaping them and their implications.

This paper looks at recent trends in pharmaceutical spending across OECD countries. It examines the drivers of recent spending trends, highlighting differences across therapeutic classes, and then looks at emerging challenges for policy makers in the management of pharmaceutical spending.

The Australian standard GST rate is 10.0%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the OECD was 19.3% as of 1 January 2019. Australia has an extensive list of goods and services that are GST-free. GST was introduced in Australia in 2000 at a standard rate of 10.0% and has remained at this rate throughout.

The Japanese standard VAT (CT) rate is 8.0%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the OECD was 19.3% as of 1 January 2019. The previous standard VAT rate in Japan was 5% in 2013. It changed to the current level in 2014. Japan does not have any reduced rates.

The Austrian standard VAT rate is 20.0%, which is above the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the OECD was 19.3% as of 1 January 2019. The previous standard VAT rate in Austria was 18% in 1983. It changed to the current level in 1984. Austria applies reduced VAT rates of 10% and 13% to a number of goods and services as well as one specific regional rates.

A complement to the OECD insurance database, this report monitors and analyses the insurance industry’s overall performance and health in OECD countries and Hong Kong (China), India, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, South Africa and Thailand.

Organised in Istanbul, this event focused on financial education across Europe and in Turkey, the role(s) of the private and not-for-profit sectors in financial education, financial literacy and innovation for young people and financial education for migrant workers and their families.

The infrastructure financing market has gone through a process of radical transformation starting from the mid-2000s. This article provides an overview of international trends in infrastructure finance. It proposes a map of the different investment channels that private investors can use to access the infrastructure investment on the equity and debt side, highlighting the historical evolution of these segments in the past few years.

Closing remarks made by the OECD Secretary-General during the Paris Club Forum, organised jointly by the Australian Presidency and the Paris Club.

4-5 February 2016 - Mumbai, India‌‌: This seminar addressed emerging frameworks for financial consumer protection across Asia; financial markets and better outcomes for consumers; improving policy by analysing consumer complaints data; technology and alternative delivery channels and promoting financial consumer protection, inclusion and investor education.

This report analyses insurance market statistics collected by the OECD to monitor the insurance industry’s overall performance and health. It covers all OECD countries plus selected Asian, African and Latin American countries.

This publication provides detailed country notes on Value Added Tax/Goods and Services Tax (VAT/GST) and excise duty rates in OECD member countries.

The Belgian standard VAT rate is 21.0%, which is above the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the OECD was 19.3% as of 1 January 2019. The previous standard VAT rate in Belgium was 20.5% in 1995. It changed to the current level in 1996. Belgium applies reduced VAT rates of 0%, 6% and 12% to a number of goods and services.

This paper first decomposes labour productivity growth over 2000-11 into a within-industry, a shift and a cross effect in a number of countries and compares China with other countries over this period. This shift-share analysis also allows a comparison of within-sector productivity gains across a large number of sectors and countries.

Slovenia’s living standards measured in GDP per capita are currently some 20% below the EU15 average and have not yet reached their pre-crisis level.

Slovenia’s living standards measured in GDP per capita are currently some 20% below the EU15 average and have not yet reached their pre-crisis level.

Health care expenditure per person, after accounting for changes in overall price levels, began to slow in many OECD countries in the early-to-mid 2000s, well before the economic and fiscal crisis.

This working paper takes a comparative snapshot of social media use in and by OECD governments. The focus is on government institutions, as opposed to personalities, and how they manage to capture the opportunities of new social media platforms to deliver better public services and to create more open policy processes.

To investigate how public finances could best be designed to promote long-run growth and address inequality, it is essential to have comprehensive, cross-country comparable data on government spending and revenues, along with structural and policy indicators.

This new report highlights the latest trends in government innovation. The topics identified through this review are not the only trends and examples in government innovation, but they do provide a glimpse of where government innovation stands today and where it may be going tomorrow.

The OECD advises countries on how to meet future demand for health professionals and how to manage the supply of health workers. This report describes recent trends in the international migration of doctors and nurses in OECD countries.

Consumer Confidence Price Trends In the Euro Area increased to 29.10 points in April from 23 points in March of 2020. Consumer Confidence Price Trends in the Euro Area averaged 23.30 points from 1985 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 54.90 points in January of 1991 and a record low of -12.50 points in August of 2009. In the Euro Area, Consumer Confidence Price Trends is shown as the balance between positive and negative answering options, measured as percentage points of total answers. This page includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Consumer Confidence Price Trends.

Leading Economic Index Finland increased 1 percent in February of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Leading Economic Index in Finland averaged 2.14 percent from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9.10 percent in November of 2000 and a record low of -10.63 percent in September of 2009. GDP YoY measures the change in the value of the goods and services produced by the country economy compared to the corresponding month in the previous year. This page provides the latest reported value for - Finland GDP YoY - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Consumer Confidence Price Trends in European Union increased to 18.30 in June from 18 in May of 2017. Consumer Confidence Price Trends in European Union averaged 20.75 from 1985 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 48.80 in September of 1990 and a record low of -11.50 in August of 2009. This page includes a chart with historical data for European Union Consumer Confidence Price Trends.

Consumer Confidence Price Trends in Albania increased to -9.26 in the fourth quarter of 2017 from -19.59 in the third quarter of 2017. Consumer Confidence Price Trends in Albania averaged 6.23 from 2005 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 34.83 in the third quarter of 2007 and a record low of -25.75 in the second quarter of 2017. This page includes a chart with historical data for Albania Consumer Confidence Price Trends.

Factory Orders in the United Kingdom decreased 56 percent in April of 2020 over the previous month. Factory Orders in the United Kingdom averaged -18.34 Net Balance from 1977 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 21 Net Balance in May of 1988 and a record low of -79 Net Balance in October of 1980. In the United Kingdom, the Confederation of British Industry‘s Industrial Trends Survey of total order book balance tracks changes in the level of factory orders from around 500 companies across 38 sectors of manufacturing industry. The survey covers domestic and export orders, stocks, price, investment intentions and output expectations. For each variable, manufacturers are asked if present situation is above normal, normal or below normal. The results are presented as a weighted percentage balance, that is, the difference between the percentage of respondents replying more or up to each question minus the percentage replying less or down. This page provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom CBI Industrial Trends Orders - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

From high-tech to hygge, our homes changed at top speed in the 2010s — what will the 2020s bring?

Radioactive material at risk of supply shocks given small number of dominant mines

Tech Scroll Asia, your guide to the billions made and lost in Asia tech

Voice-based social networks and gaming as a new form of identity were among the top emerging trends in consumer social startups, according to an Extra Crunch survey of top social tech investors. Meanwhile, anonymity and dating apps with a superfluous twist were spaces where investors were most pessimistic. Extra Crunch assembled a list of the […]

In recent years, fintech’s revolution has felt like a rising tide. Behemoths like Stripe and Square edged out banks while newbies like Brex nonchalantly raised nine-figure rounds. Today, however, the state of the financial technology industry feels more wobbly — some healthy startups in the genre are faring better than ever, while others are feeling […]

Eloise Head, from London, who shares her recipes on Instagram and TikTok under the name FitWaffle , has reached more than 50 million people with three recipes showing simple ways to make fudge.

When Sonny Bill Williams posted a photo of himself getting cupping treatment social media went in to overdrive. Here Femail reveals the strangest beauty treatments that celebrities swear by

Nick Cannon barely gave Eminem time to respond to his diss track on Monday night before dropping another one the next day. 

Our beauty experts pick the coolest looks and share their best tips and tricks to get you set for summer...