BackgroundMost people with type 2 diabetes receive treatment in primary care by GPs who are not specialised in diabetes. Thus, it is important to uncover the most essential information needs regarding type 2 diabetes in general practice.AimTo identify information needs related to type 2 diabetes for GPs.Design and settingSystematic review focused on literature relating to Western countries.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched from inception to January 2024. Two researchers conducted the selection process, and citation searches were performed to identify any relevant articles missed by the database search. Quality appraisal was conducted with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Meaning units were coded individually, grouped into categories, and then studies were summarised within the context of these categories using narrative synthesis. An evidence map was created to highlight research gaps.ResultsThirty-nine included studies revealed eight main categories and 36 subcategories of information needs. Categories were organised into a comprehensive hierarchical model of information needs, suggesting ‘Knowledge of guidelines’ and ‘Reasons for referral’ as general information needs alongside more specific needs on ‘Medication’, ‘Management’, ‘Complications’, ‘Diagnosis’, ‘Risk factors’, and ‘Screening for diabetes’. The evidence map provides readers with the opportunity to explore the characteristics of the included studies in detail.ConclusionThis systematic review provides GPs, policymakers, and researchers with a hierarchical model of information and educational needs for GPs, and an evidence map showing gaps in the current literature. Information needs about clinical guidelines and reasons for referral to specialised care overlapped with needs for more specific information.

"A lot of puzzle games can leave you staring at the same static screen for ages, but here, I’m always pushing you forward," says Mark Brown of Game Maker’s Toolkit. For a decade now, Brown has been releasing accessible deep dives on game design for his popular YouTube channel, like "How Game Designers Protect Players From Themselves" and "The Two Types of Random in Game Design." This week, he’s releasing his own for the first time.

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“Going viral” appears to be more than just a catchphrase when it comes to the rampant spread of misinformation

Informa Connnect's Pharma/Biotech GTN Summit
November 18-20, 2024 | W Philadelphia Hotel, Philadelphia, PA
Drug Channels Readers Receive 15% Off* with Code 24DGC15.

View the Complete Agenda

Informa Connect's Copay, Reimbursement and Access Congress
November 18-20, 2024 | Hilton Penn’s Landing in Philadelphia, PA
Drug Channels readers save 10% with code USAVE24*

The access and affordability landscape is undergoing a seismic shift. Evolving legislation, disruptive market forces and the ever-growing complexities of cost sharing programs threaten patient adherence and commercialization strategies. Are you ready?

A program driven by marketplace insights and led by industry trailblazers, Copay, Reimbursement and Access Congress is back November 18-20 and will deliver up-to-date insights necessary to enhance patient affordability, ensure program sustainability and navigate the regulatory landscape. In a time where remaining compliant has never been more complex and program innovation has never been more important, be sure to join your industry counterparts to drive adherence, access and commercialization forward.

Why attend the Copay, Reimbursement and Access Congress?

Keeping up with shifting market dynamics in the midst of maximizing access, while also meeting business objectives is a challenging task and brings about many questions for access professionals.

• Is your program sustainable and innovative to better support patients?
• Accumulators, maximizers, AFPs – What are your next steps to ensure effective reimbursement strategies?
• In an election year, what is the future of health policy?

Experts will tackle these questions and more as the industry comes together to benchmark best practices to accelerate access and commercialization. Do not miss your chance to join seasoned leaders, your peers and leading solution providers as they navigate marketplace trends and dive into the impact coupons, benefit design, accumulators, maximizers, alternative funding programs and drug pricing legislation have on patient affordability and out-of-pocket costs. This is your chance to gain critical insights on industry standards, forward-thinking strategies to optimize your copay and cost sharing programs and so much more.

Content highlights:

• Over 20 hours of content, including 7+ dedicated sessions to help decipher copay legislation
• Crucial perspectives from Pfizer, Sanofi, Janssen, Teva, Ascendis Pharma, Melinta Therapeutics, GSK, HIV + Hepatitis Policy Institute and more
• Insights direct from enforcement agents on the top trends and actions within the copay and patient services space
• Illuminating case study, Navigating the Patient Journey in a Shifting Copay Landscape from Spark Therapeutics
• 465 minutes of valuable in-person networking with colleagues and counterparts to expand your network and establish powerful partnerships
• Additional content access through Streamly, a platform that gives you 12-month access to all of the available conference content** to review at your leisure
• And more!

Download the agenda and register today—Be sure to use your exclusive promo USAVE24 to save 10% off* of your registration

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*Cannot be combined with other offers, promotions or applied to an existing registration. Other restrictions may apply.
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Informa Connect’s PBM Contracting Summit
December 10-11, 2024 | Chicago, IL
Drug Channels readers save 10% with code 24DRCH10*

Experts from across the US come together each year at the PBM Contracting Summit to gain innovative and practical contracting strategies, master PBM innovation and design, improve patient care management and rising costs, understand the current legislative issues impacting contract negotiations and more. Join us in Chicago (or virtually) where you’ll benefit from two days of learning, education and networking, and will return to the office having mastered the complex PBM landscape.

You’ll hear from Matthew Gibbs, Pharm.D., Pharmacy Transformation Leader of Blue Shield of California as he leads a comprehensive discussion on the PBM landscape over the last year, and delves into the evolving trends and emerging challenges shaping the current industry today.

Other expert and thought leaders from within the industry are slated to present deep dive sessions, workshops and panels that will answer your most pressing questions:

• What are the latest legislative updates and proposed federal bills impacting PBM operations?
• What's on the horizon for alternative PBMs? What are the top intricacies of rebate eligibility? What are the market impacts of innovative models such as Mark Cuban's Cost Plus Drugs and Amazon's pharmacy model?
• What can be learned from the J&J lawsuit? Review the expansion of data access and the importance of employer's fiduciary duties.
• What are the challenges of vertical integration?
• How do PBMs manage their contracting processes with plan sponsors to create successful contracts?
• What are the most effective strategies for spread pricing and reimbursement models?
• What is the best solution to navigate the challenges of the 340B drug pricing program and PBM contracting?
• What is the best way to design and optimize benefits for covering GLP-1s?
• How can I ensure compliance with ERISA requirements?
• What are the latest developments in copay maximizer and accumulator programs?
• What market dynamics and barriers are impacting pricing and demand?
• What can be learned from the economic landscape of biosimilars and specialty therapeutics?
• And much more!

View the agenda for the PBM Contracting Summit to see the complete picture – the program, speakers, and more, visit www.informaconnect.com/pbm-contracting for further details and to register. Drug Channels readers will save 10% off when they use code 24DRCH10 and register prior to November 8, 2024.*

*Cannot be combined with other offers or used towards a current registration. Cannot be combined with special category rates or other offers. Other restrictions may apply.

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Informa Connect’s Trade and Channel Strategies
December 10-12, 2024 at the W Hotel in Philadelphia, PA
Drug Channels readers save 10% with code 24DC10*

Pharmacy and distribution models are growing increasingly complex. Stop running in circles—It’s time to unlock proven strategies to propel market access.

What is the secret to success? Trade and Channel Strategies is bringing together industry experts to deliver specific strategies and talk best practices in tackling the latest industry challenges.

As the landscape rapidly evolves, there are only two choices—Adapt or risk falling behind. With policy changes and market fluctuations, specifically surrounding the DSCSA and IRA, the loss of exclusivity wave, adoption of low-WAC products affecting GTN and the rise of innovations within the pharmacy sector, there has never been a more important time for industry to unite. A program driven by market dynamics and led by champions of channel strategy, join your peers now to master the complexities of pharmacy and distribution models to accelerate market access—It's all happening December 10-12.

Why do trade and channel professionals choose this pivotal event?

The challenge of staying viable among shifting market dynamics while meeting business objectives is heavy. Professionals are left with many questions, including:

• How will the new administration affect the distribution channel?
• Is my organization haemorrhaging money to stay afloat with the shift to alternative distribution and pharmacy models?
• Does the DSCSA deadline change affect my organization? Am I still prepared?

Join the experts for three dedicated days of collaborative discussions that will give you the answers to these questions and so many more. Leaders in the landscape are uniting and will dive into the top trends for innovative distribution, integrated pharmacy models and talk the truth about the future of trade.

WHAT CAN YOU EXPECT?

Vital insights from industry’s leading pharmacy and distribution experts, including:

• Bill Roth, Senior Vice President of Consulting, Blue Fin Group, An IntegriChain Company
• Patrick Lupo Group Vice President, Pharmacy Trade and Specialty, Walgreens
• Amanda Salindong, Associate Director, Channel & Distribution, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
• Chris Rocco, Senior Director, Market Access Data, Reporting & Analytics, GSK
• Eliane Maalouf, Director Trade and Fulfillment, Mass General Brigham Specialty Pharmacy
• Stephanie Wirkes, Head of Distribution and Strategy Execution, Bayer
• John Harlow, Chief Commercial Officer, Melinta Therapeutics
• Aria Cohen, Vice President, Head of Market Access, Alkeus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
• Elizabeth Cherry, Program Director for Trade Relations, Vanderbilt Specialty Pharmacy
• Danielle Bryan, PharmD, CSP, Program Director, Specialty Pharmacy Trade Relations, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
• Thomas Scalone, Director, Trade Strategy and Operations, Bristol Myers Squibb
• Dina Lynch, VP, Market Access and Reimbursement, Renibus Therapeutics
• And more!

Tackle the hottest topics facing industry right now, including:

• Keynote Address: Access and Channel 2024 In-Review and Preview of 2025
• Pharmacy Evolved—Aligning Commercialization to the Changing Pharmacy Channel
• Advanced Trade Leaders Executive Session
• Navigate and Operationalize the IRA
• Focused Multi-Track Offerings:
  • Supply Chain, Distribution and Logistics
  • Pharmacy Models and Reimbursement Strategies
  • Data, Innovation and Analytics
  • Health Systems and Pharma Partnering Symposium
• Balancing the GTN Bubble with Market Access Priorities
• What’s Happening in Retail—Brick and Morter, Home Delivery and Cash Pay Pharmacies
• Navigating Post Deadline Challenges—DSCSA Compliance and Serialization Updates
• Four Roundtable Breakout Discussions:
  • What Good Looks Like in a 3PL/Manufacturer Partnership
  • Optimizing Healthcare Partnerships
  • Women in Trade
  • GLP-1s and New Product Archetypes
• Actions Needed to Mitigate and Prevent Drug Shortages
• Case Study: Master Your Organization Chart—Ensuring Higher Cross Functional Interactions
• Three Interactive Workshops:
  • Trade 101
  • Advanced Trade Leaders Executive Session
  • Health Systems Fundamentals
• And more!

Exclusive Offer—Download the agenda and register today—Be sure to use your exclusive promo 24DC10 to save 10% off* of your registration.

See you there!

* Cannot be combined with other offers, promotions or applied to an existing registration. Other restrictions may apply.

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Last month when Google introduced its new AI search tool, called AI Overviews, the company seemed confident that it had tested the tool sufficiently, noting in the announcement that “people have already used AI Overviews billions of times through our experiment in Search Labs.” The tool doesn’t just return links to Web pages, as in a typical Google search, but returns an answer that it has generated based on various sources, which it links to below the answer. But immediately after the launch users began posting examples of extremely wrong answers, including a pizza recipe that included glue and the interesting fact that a dog has played in the NBA.

Renée DiResta has been tracking online misinformation for many years as the technical research manager at Stanford’s Internet Observatory.

While the pizza recipe is unlikely to convince anyone to squeeze on the Elmer’s, not all of AI Overview’s extremely wrong answers are so obvious—and some have the potential to be quite harmful. Renée DiResta has been tracking online misinformation for many years as the technical research manager at Stanford’s Internet Observatory and has a new book out about the online propagandists who “turn lies into reality.” She has studied the spread of medical misinformation via social media, so IEEE Spectrum spoke to her about whether AI search is likely to bring an onslaught of erroneous medical advice to unwary users.

I know you’ve been tracking disinformation on the Web for many years. Do you expect the introduction of AI-augmented search tools like Google’s AI Overviews to make the situation worse or better?

Renée DiResta: It’s a really interesting question. There are a couple of policies that Google has had in place for a long time that appear to be in tension with what’s coming out of AI-generated search. That’s made me feel like part of this is Google trying to keep up with where the market has gone. There’s been an incredible acceleration in the release of generative AI tools, and we are seeing Big Tech incumbents trying to make sure that they stay competitive. I think that’s one of the things that’s happening here.

We have long known that hallucinations are a thing that happens with large language models. That’s not new. It’s the deployment of them in a search capacity that I think has been rushed and ill-considered because people expect search engines to give them authoritative information. That’s the expectation you have on search, whereas you might not have that expectation on social media.

There are plenty of examples of comically poor results from AI search, things like how many rocks we should eat per day [a response that was drawn for an Onion article]. But I’m wondering if we should be worried about more serious medical misinformation. I came across one blog post about Google’s AI Overviews responses about stem-cell treatments. The problem there seemed to be that the AI search tool was sourcing its answers from disreputable clinics that were offering unproven treatments. Have you seen other examples of that kind of thing?

DiResta: I have. It’s returning information synthesized from the data that it’s trained on. The problem is that it does not seem to be adhering to the same standards that have long gone into how Google thinks about returning search results for health information. So what I mean by that is Google has, for upwards of 10 years at this point, had a search policy called Your Money or Your Life. Are you familiar with that?

I don’t think so.

DiResta: Your Money or Your Life acknowledges that for queries related to finance and health, Google has a responsibility to hold search results to a very high standard of care, and it’s paramount to get the information correct. People are coming to Google with sensitive questions and they’re looking for information to make materially impactful decisions about their lives. They’re not there for entertainment when they’re asking a question about how to respond to a new cancer diagnosis, for example, or what sort of retirement plan they should be subscribing to. So you don’t want content farms and random Reddit posts and garbage to be the results that are returned. You want to have reputable search results.

That framework of Your Money or Your Life has informed Google’s work on these high-stakes topics for quite some time. And that’s why I think it’s disturbing for people to see the AI-generated search results regurgitating clearly wrong health information from low-quality sites that perhaps happened to be in the training data.

So it seems like AI overviews is not following that same policy—or that’s what it appears like from the outside?

DiResta: That’s how it appears from the outside. I don’t know how they’re thinking about it internally. But those screenshots you’re seeing—a lot of these instances are being traced back to an isolated social media post or a clinic that’s disreputable but exists—are out there on the Internet. It’s not simply making things up. But it’s also not returning what we would consider to be a high-quality result in formulating its response.

I saw that Google responded to some of the problems with a blog post saying that it is aware of these poor results and it’s trying to make improvements. And I can read you the one bullet point that addressed health. It said, “For topics like news and health, we already have strong guardrails in place. In the case of health, we launched additional triggering refinements to enhance our quality protections.” Do you know what that means?

DiResta: That blog posts is an explanation that [AI Overviews] isn’t simply hallucinating—the fact that it’s pointing to URLs is supposed to be a guardrail because that enables the user to go and follow the result to its source. This is a good thing. They should be including those sources for transparency and so that outsiders can review them. However, it is also a fair bit of onus to put on the audience, given the trust that Google has built up over time by returning high-quality results in its health information search rankings.

I know one topic that you’ve tracked over the years has been disinformation about vaccine safety. Have you seen any evidence of that kind of disinformation making its way into AI search?

DiResta: I haven’t, though I imagine outside research teams are now testing results to see what appears. Vaccines have been so much a focus of the conversation around health misinformation for quite some time, I imagine that Google has had people looking specifically at that topic in internal reviews, whereas some of these other topics might be less in the forefront of the minds of the quality teams that are tasked with checking if there are bad results being returned.

What do you think Google’s next moves should be to prevent medical misinformation in AI search?

DiResta: Google has a perfectly good policy to pursue. Your Money or Your Life is a solid ethical guideline to incorporate into this manifestation of the future of search. So it’s not that I think there’s a new and novel ethical grounding that needs to happen. I think it’s more ensuring that the ethical grounding that exists remains foundational to the new AI search tools.

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The post Do People Believe Misinformation on Vaccines? appeared first on World of DTC Marketing.

Menon emphasized that India had been tough on Pakistan with regard to accountability, but restrained in its rhetoric and actions.

Chinese officials had approached the Indian government for more information but had since been reportedly told by the Indian government that the information presented was sufficient to justify the listing.

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As Latino voters are a key voting bloc in the 2024 presidential election in battleground states like Nevada, Arizona and Pennsylvania, they have been targeted by a rise in Spanish-language misinformation. Most of the false messaging disparages Kamala Harris and supports Donald Trump, says Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Maria Hinojosa, host of Latino USA, which investigated the phenomenon in a new episode called “The Misinformation Web.” She interviewed some of the content creators in this “blob” of online vitriol and says there is almost no effective content moderation online, nor many reliable fact-checking sources in Spanish to counter the lies.

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