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A Viget Glossary: What We Mean and Why It Matters - Part 2

In my last post, I defined terms used by our UX team that are often confused or have multiple meanings across the industry. Today, I’ll share our definitions for processes and deliverables used by our design and strategy teams.

Creative

Brand Strategy

In our experience, we’ve found that the term brand strategy is used to cover a myriad of processes, documents, and deliverables. To us, a brand strategy defines how an organization communicates who they are, what they do and why in a clear and compelling way. Over the years, we’ve developed an approach to brand strategy work that emphasizes rigorous research, hands-on collaboration, and the definition of problems and goals. We work with clients to align on a brand strategy concept and, depending on the client and their goals, our final deliverables can range to include strategy definition, audience-specific messaging, identity details, brand elements, applications, and more. Take a look at the brand strategy work we’ve done for Fiscalnote, Swiftdine, and Armstrong Tire.

Content Strategy

A content strategy goes far beyond the words on a website or in an app. A strong content strategy dictates the substance, structure, and governance of the information an organization uses to communicate to its audience. It guides creating, organizing, and maintaining content so that companies can communicate who they are, what they do, and why efficiently and effectively. We’ve worked with organizations like the Washington Speakers Bureau, The Nature Conservancy, the NFL Players Association, and the Wildlife Conservation Society to refine and enhance their content strategies.

Still confused about the difference between brand and content strategy? Check out our flowchart.

Style Guide vs. Brand Guidelines

We often find the depth or fidelity of brand guidelines and style guides can vary greatly, and the terms can often be confused. When we create brand guidelines, they tend to be large documents that include in-depth recommendations about how a company should communicate their brand. Sections like “promise”, “vision”, “mission”, “values”, “tone”, etc. accompany details about how the brand’s logo, colors and fonts should be used in a variety of scenarios. Style guides, on the other hand, are typically pared down documents that contain specific guidance for organizations’ logos, colors and fonts, and don’t always include usage examples.

Design System

One question we get from clients often during a redesign or rebrand is, “How can I make sure people across my organization are adhering to our new designs?” This is where a design system comes into play. Design systems can range from the basic — e.g., a systematic approach to creating shared components for a single website — all the way to the complex —e.g., architecting a cross-product design system that can scale to accommodate hundreds of different products within a company. By assembling elements like color, typography, imagery, messaging, voice and tone, and interaction patterns in a central repository, organizations are able to scale products and marketing confidently and efficiently. When a design system is translated into code, we refer to that as a parts kit, which helps enforce consistency and improve workflow.

Comps or Mocks

When reviewing RFPs or going through the nitty-gritty of contracts with clients, we often see the terms mocks or comps used interchangeably to refer to the static design of pages or screens. Internally, we think of a mock-up as a static image file that illustrates proof-of-concept, just a step beyond a wireframe. A comp represents a design that is “high fidelity” and closer to what the final website will look like, though importantly, is not an exact replica. This is likely what clients will share with internal stakeholders to get approval on the website direction and what our front-end developers will use to begin building-out the site (in other words, converting the static design files into dynamic HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code).

If you're interested in joining our team of creative thinkers and visual storytellers who bring these concepts to life for our clients, we’re hiring in Washington, D.C. Durham, Boulder and Chattanooga. Tune in next week as we decipher the terms we use most often when talking about development.




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Little Details That Matter on a Mobile Website

Oftentimes, the focus on mobile websites isn’t on adding as much information as possible or even as much detail. It’s all about making the mobile viewing experience as simple and enjoyable as the web designer possibly can. People who use their mobile devices for browsing and research do not have as much time or patience …

Little Details That Matter on a Mobile Website Read More »




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Nikon has confirmed that their flagship D6 DSLR will start shipping on May 21st

It feels like forever since Nikon announced their newest flagship DSLR; the Nikon D6. It’s actually only been three months, but that hasn’t stopped some people getting anxious. Recently, customers were being told that the D6 would start shipping right about now, but now Nikon has officially come out to announce that the Nikon D6 […]

The post Nikon has confirmed that their flagship D6 DSLR will start shipping on May 21st appeared first on DIY Photography.




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eagereyesTV Episode 2: Unit Charts, Dot Plots, ISOTYPE, and What Makes Them Special

Charts usually show values as visual properties, like the length in a bar chart, the location in a scatterplot, the area in a bubble chart, etc. Unit charts show values as multiples instead. One famous example of these charts is called ISOTYPE, and you may have seen them in information graphics as well. They’re an […]




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eagereyesTV: What is Data? Part 1, File Formats and Intent

We all use data all the time, but what exactly is data? How do different programs know what to do with our data? How is visualizing data different from other uses of data? And isn’t everything inside a computer data in the end? The latest episode of eagereyesTV looks at what data is and what […]




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eagereyesTV: What Is Data? Part 2, Are Images Data?

Visualization turns data into images, but are images themselves data? There are often claims that they are, but then you mostly see the images themselves without much additional data. In this video, I look at image browsers, a project classifying selfies along a number of criteria, and the additional information stored in HEIC that makes […]




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Asymptotic behavior of Wronskian polynomials that are factorized via $p$-cores and $p$-quotients. (arXiv:2005.03516v1 [math.CA])

In this paper we consider Wronskian polynomials labeled by partitions that can be factorized via the combinatorial concepts of $p$-cores and $p$-quotients. We obtain the asymptotic behavior for these polynomials when the $p$-quotient is fixed while the size of the $p$-core grows to infinity. For this purpose, we associate the $p$-core with its characteristic vector and let all entries of this vector simultaneously tend to infinity. This result generalizes the Wronskian Hermite setting which is recovered when $p=2$.




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An Issue Raised in 1978 by a Then-Future Editor-in-Chief of the Journal "Order": Does the Endomorphism Poset of a Finite Connected Poset Tell Us That the Poset Is Connected?. (arXiv:2005.03255v1 [math.CO])

In 1978, Dwight Duffus---editor-in-chief of the journal "Order" from 2010 to 2018 and chair of the Mathematics Department at Emory University from 1991 to 2005---wrote that "it is not obvious that $P$ is connected and $P^P$ isomorphic to $Q^Q$ implies that $Q$ is connected," where $P$ and $Q$ are finite non-empty posets. We show that, indeed, under these hypotheses $Q$ is connected and $Pcong Q$.




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Critique of Boyu Sima's Proof that ${ m P} eq{ m NP}$. (arXiv:2005.03256v1 [cs.CC])

We review and critique Boyu Sima's paper, "A solution of the P versus NP problem based on specific property of clique function," (arXiv:1911.00722) which claims to prove that ${ m P} eq{ m NP}$ by way of removing the gap between the nonmonotone circuit complexity and the monotone circuit complexity of the clique function. We first describe Sima's argument, and then we describe where and why it fails. Finally, we present a simple example that clearly demonstrates the failure.




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What comprises a good talking-head video generation?: A Survey and Benchmark. (arXiv:2005.03201v1 [cs.CV])

Over the years, performance evaluation has become essential in computer vision, enabling tangible progress in many sub-fields. While talking-head video generation has become an emerging research topic, existing evaluations on this topic present many limitations. For example, most approaches use human subjects (e.g., via Amazon MTurk) to evaluate their research claims directly. This subjective evaluation is cumbersome, unreproducible, and may impend the evolution of new research. In this work, we present a carefully-designed benchmark for evaluating talking-head video generation with standardized dataset pre-processing strategies. As for evaluation, we either propose new metrics or select the most appropriate ones to evaluate results in what we consider as desired properties for a good talking-head video, namely, identity preserving, lip synchronization, high video quality, and natural-spontaneous motion. By conducting a thoughtful analysis across several state-of-the-art talking-head generation approaches, we aim to uncover the merits and drawbacks of current methods and point out promising directions for future work. All the evaluation code is available at: https://github.com/lelechen63/talking-head-generation-survey.




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What Soccer Was Like When Retired Soccer Star Briana Scurry First Started Playing

Soccer great Briana Scurry started playing soccer at 12 on an all boys team and in the goal — the "safest" position for a girl ...




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Retired Soccer Star Briana Scurry on What a Concussion Feels Like

After she was hit, retired soccer star Briana Scurry felt off balance, sensitive to light and sound,and felt intense pain in her head and neck.




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The Hit That Ended Briana Scurry's Soccer Career

"I knew I was in trouble ... I didn't know how much trouble," says retired soccer star Briana Scurry.




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What “Friday Night Tykes” Can Teach Us About Youth Football

Why do some parents and coaches think it's okay to let 9-year-old kids get hit in the head over and over in football practices and games?




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What is a Favicon? [+4 Tips for Creating an Impactful Favicon]

When you bookmark pages on the web, it’s challenging to remember the name of the page. As you dive back into your bookmarks to find it, you see a small icon next to the page. You recognize the icon and realize it’s the website you viewed prior. This icon, known as a favicon, is small, […]

The post What is a Favicon? [+4 Tips for Creating an Impactful Favicon] appeared first on WebFX Blog.




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What Is Website Hosting and Why Does It Matter for Your Website?

Subscribe to our YouTube channel for the latest in digital marketing! we know you’ll love this additional resource! (how to host a website)   Transcript: What is website hosting?  This is to make a point, I promise.  When you go to a party, there’s always a host. The host is usually the one who sets […]

The post What Is Website Hosting and Why Does It Matter for Your Website? appeared first on WebFX Blog.




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What is Website Conversion? [+5 Ways to Improve Conversions]

When you’re trying to grow your business online, you must monitor vital metrics to ensure your business is growing. One important metric is your website’s conversions. Conversions help you determine if you’re driving success with your digital marketing campaigns. So, what is website conversion? How can you improve your website conversion rate? Keep reading to […]

The post What is Website Conversion? [+5 Ways to Improve Conversions] appeared first on WebFX Blog.




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5 Magnificent Examples of Websites That Convert Visitors into Customers

Need some inspiration to build a high converting website? Websites that convert persuade visitors to become customers. These websites drive more revenue, so if you want to increase your site’s revenue, use these examples of websites that convert as inspiration! We’ll go over what makes for the best converting websites and five examples of websites […]

The post 5 Magnificent Examples of Websites That Convert Visitors into Customers appeared first on WebFX Blog.




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What’s New With Node? Interview With Bethany Griggs, Node.js Technical Steering Committee

Node.js 14 is available now. We wanted to get more context and details about the state of Node, and why developers should care about Node.js 14. We talked with Bethany Griggs, Node.js Technical Steering Committee member and Open-source Engineer at IBM, to find out more. 

Bethany has been a Node Core Collaborator for over two years. She contributes to the open-source Node.js runtime and is a member of the Node.js Release Working Group where she is involved with auditing commits for the long-term support (LTS) release lines and the creation of releases. 




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Jumanji: The Next Level continues a one-joke franchise that wasn't all that funny to begin with

[IMAGE-1]Welcome back to the jungle. And welcome to an unfortunate new Christmas movie tradition: the Jumanji movie.…



  • Film/Film News

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1917 is designed to look like a single take. Here are some other films that use similar tricks to great effect

Sam Mendes' 1917, which took Best Picture and Best Director awards at the Golden Globes earlier this week, looks like a standard period piece.…



  • Film/Film News

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The Lodge is a lame psychological horror film that will have you checking out immediately

[IMAGE-1] First of all: No. Why would a suddenly single dad to traumatized young children leave said shocked and distressed kids with his new fiancée, who is also the sole survivor of her own massive childhood trauma?…



  • Film/Film News

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In reimagining a beloved novel, Emma understands what made Jane Austen so special in the first place

[IMAGE-1] Before smartphones and Instagram, there were influencers, and they could be as shallow, overconfident and pejorative as they are today. This new adaptation of Jane Austen's Emma — the feature debuts of photographer and music-video director Autumn de Wilde and Man Booker Prize-winning novelist turned screenwriter Eleanor Catton — brings that sort of modern frisson to its retelling of the tale of a very rich young woman who amuses herself by interfering in the romantic lives of those around her.…



  • Film/Film News

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How I learned to stop being a hater and embrace Southern Rock

[IMAGE-1] Part of being a music lover is also being a snob, and even though my mind has opened considerably as I've aged, I still remember all the genres I just couldn't give any time to when I was growing up. Southern rock was definitely verboten for much of my life.…




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Coronavirus concerns have put our live music scene on hold. What do we do now?

On any other week, you can rely on the Inlander for information on live shows happening in Spokane and North Idaho, and to read about the artists and music festivals that we think are worth your time.…




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What will Northern Quest Resort & Casino look like when it reopens Tuesday?

Northern Quest Resort & Casino is set to reopen Tuesday, albeit with strict social-distancing and other safety protocols in place, becoming the second regional casino to reopen after closures caused by the coronavirus. Resort officials expect a crowd due to pent-up interest in the community for getting out of the house (not to mention Cinco de Mayo).…




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The Spokane County Sheriff's Office has discretely acquired technology that enables them to bypass phone passwords

Cops are hackers now, too.…



  • News/Local News

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For workers, no sign of ‘what normal is going to look like’

By Patricia Cohen and Tiffany Hsu The New York Times Company…



  • News/Nation & World

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What We Need to Understand About Asymptomatic Carriers if We’re Going to Beat Coronavirus

ProPublica’s health reporter Caroline Chen explains what the conversation around asymptomatic coronavirus carriers is missing, and what we need to understand if we’re going to beat this nefarious virus together. By Caroline Chen, ProPublica In the early days of the coronavirus outbreak in the U.S., around the last week of February, I joked to a colleague that maybe now, finally, people would learn how to wash their hands properly.…



  • News/Nation & World

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Usually cannabis business booms in April. Will the coronavirus change that?

The Cannabis Issue In a normal year, cannabis stores would be cashing in this April.…



  • Special Guides/Cannabis Issue

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GOOD NEWS: These local insects never murdered anybody that we know of

Last week, the New York Times dropped a terrifying story: Asian Giant Hornets, or "murder hornets" as more J. Jonah Jameson-esque researchers like to call them, have been identified in Western Washington. These insects can grow up to 2 inches long, can rip the heads off an entire hive of honeybees in a matter of hours, and have dagger-like stingers that pierce beekeeper suits to deliver a sting that sears like molten acid.…



  • News/Local News

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Process for reductive amination of aliphatic cyanoaldehydes to aliphatic diamines

A process for reductive amination of aliphatic cyanoaldehydes to aliphatic diamines comprising (1) providing a mixture of 1,3-cyanocyclohexane carboxaldehyde and/or 1,4-cyanocyclohexane carboxaldehyde; (2) contacting said mixture with a metal carbonate based solid bed or a weak base anion exchange resin bed at a temperature from 15 to 40 ° C. for a period of at least 1 minute; (3) thereby treating said mixture, wherein said treated mixture has a pH in the range of 6 to 9; (4) feeding said treated mixture, hydrogen, and ammonia into a continuous reductive amination reactor system; (6) contacting said treated mixture, hydrogen, and ammonia with each other in the presence of one or more heterogeneous metal based catalyst systems at a temperature from 80 ° C. to 160 ° C. and a pressure from 700 to 3500 psig; (7) thereby producing one or more cycloaliphatic diamines is provided.




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Process for the conversion of aliphatic cyclic amines to aliphatic diamines

A process for conversion of aliphatic bicyclic amines to aliphatic diamines including contacting one or more bicyclic amines selected from the group consisting of 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-ene with ammonia and hydrogen, and alcohols in the presence of heterogeneous metal based catalyst systems, a metal selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Ru, Fe, Cu, Re, Pd, and their oxides at a temperature from 140° C. to 200° C. and a pressure from 1540 to 1735 psig for at least one hour reactor systems; forming a product mixture comprising aliphatic diamine(s), bicyclic amine(s), ammonia, hydrogen, and alcohol(s); removing said product mixture from the reactor system; removing at least some of the ammonia, hydrogen, water, alcohols, bicyclic amines from said product mixture; thereby separating the aliphatic diamines from said product mixture.




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Monitoring method and subsystem that detects abnormal system states

The current application is directed to monitoring subsystems, and monitoring methods incorporated within the monitoring subsystems, that monitor operation of devices and systems in order to identify normal states and to quickly determine when a device or system transitions from a normal state to an abnormal state. The methods and monitoring components to which the current application is directed employ self-organizing maps and moving-average self-organizing maps to both characterize normal system behavior and to identify transitions to abnormal system behaviors.




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Fast efficient vocabulary computation with hashed vocabularies applying hash functions to cluster centroids that determines most frequently used cluster centroid IDs

The disclosed embodiments describe a method, an apparatus, an application specific integrated circuit, and a server that provides a fast and efficient look up for data analysis. The apparatus and server may be configured to obtain data segments from a plurality of input devices. The data segments may be individual unique subsets of the entire data set obtained by a plurality input devices. A hash function may be applied to an aggregated set of the data segments. A result of the hash function may be stored in a data structure. A codebook may be generated from the hash function results.




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Processes of preparing estolide compounds that include removing sulfonate residues

Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from the formula: wherein z is an integer selected from 0 to 15; q is an integer selected from 0 to 15; x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20; y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected 0 to 20; n is equal to or greater than 0; R6 is selected from —OH, optionally substituted alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; and R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.




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Certain glyceryl phosphate-cyclic ammonium compounds useful for treating hypertension

A glycerol derivative which is effective to reduce blood pressure and has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R1 is an alkyl group having 10-22 carbon atoms, R2 is a lower acyl group or benzoyl, each of R3 and R4 independently is hydrogen or a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms; each of R5, R6 and R7 independently is hydrogen, a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; and each of m and n independently is 0 or a positive integer under the condition of m+n=2-8.




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Certain heterocyclic substituted diphosphonate compounds pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treating abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism

The present invention relates to novel heterocycle-substituted diphosphonic acids, and the pharmaceutically-acceptable salts and esters thereof, in which the diphosphonate-substituted carbon atom moiety is attached to a carbon atom in a nitrogen-containing six membered ring heterocycle, preferably a piperidine ring. The heterocycle-substituted diphosphonic acid compounds have the general structure: ##STR1## wherein Z is a nitrogen-containing six membered ring heterocycle moiety selected from piperidinyl, diazinyl and triazinyl; m, n and m+n are from 0 to 10; Q is a covalent bond or a moiety selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are substituent groups.The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing these novel compounds. Finally this invention relates to methods for treating or preventing diseases characterized by abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism by utilizing a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.




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Process for the preparation of polyether phosphates

The invention provides an improved process for the synthesis of compounds carrying at least one phosphate group, especially polyalkylene glycol phosphate compounds, said process comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a compound containing at least one primary alcohol moiety with a diaryl- or diaralkyl-halophosphate whereby to form the corresponding diaryl- or diaralkyl-phosphate ester; (b) reductively cleaving the resulting product; and (c) if desired, repeating steps (a) and (b) with the product of step (b) whereby to produce a compound carrying two or more phosphate groups. Advantages of the process in accordance with the invention are that this avoids the production of by-products and results in products which are low in impurities. Also provided are novel diaryl- and diaralkyl-phosphate ester compounds, in particular polyethylene glycol diphenylphosphate ester and derivatives thereof.




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Preparation of triethyl phosphate

The invention relates to a process for preparing triethyl phosphate by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with a greater than stoichiometric quantity of ethanol under reduced pressure at temperatures of from 0 to 50° C. in a reaction vessel, wherein a) the volatile components resulting from the reaction are predominantly condensed by means of a reflux condenser and the remaining volatile components are passed into a scrubber filled with water,b) after the end of the reaction, the reaction mixture is separated distillatively in an outgassing column into a top product and a bottom product which predominantly comprises triethyl phosphate,c) the top product of the outgassing column is combined with the contents of the scrubber andd) the contents of the scrubber are separated distillatively in an azeotropic distillation to obtain water and ethanol as top product and the ethanol, preferably after dewatering, is preferably returned to the reaction.




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Hydroswellable, segmented, aliphatic polyurethanes and polyurethane ureas

Hydroswellable, absorbable and non-absorbable, aliphatic, segmented polyurethanes and polyurethane-urea capable of swelling in the biological environment with associated increase in volume of at least 3 percent have more than one type of segments, including those derived from polyethylene glycol and the molecular chains are structurally tailored to allow the use of corresponding formulations and medical devices as carriers for bioactive agents, rheological modifiers of cyanoacrylate-based tissue adhesives, as protective devices for repairing defective or diseased components of articulating joints and their cartilage, and scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.




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Degradation of phosphate esters by high oxidation state molybdenum complexes

Degradation of phosphate esters, particularly neurotoxins and pesticides, is performed using high oxidative state molybdenum complexes, more particularly molybdenum(VI) complexes. A molybdenum(VI) complex is dissolved in water and then reacted with a phosphate ester. The phosphate esters can include, but are not limited to, VX, VE, VG, VM, GB, GD, GA, GF, parathion, paraoxon, triazophos, oxydemeton-methyl, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl, representing both chemical warfare agents as well as pesticides and insecticides.




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Verification module apparatus for debugging software and timing of an embedded processor design that exceeds the capacity of a single FPGA

A plurality of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), high performance transceivers, and memory devices provide a verification module for timing and state debugging of electronic circuit designs. Signal value compression circuits and gigabit transceivers embedded in each FPGA increase the fanout of each FPGA. Ethernet communication ports enable remote software debugging of processor instructions.




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Soft-sending chat messages

Techniques are disclosed for supplying users in an online environment with a safe and effective chat facility. The chat facility is “safe” in the sense that the ability of users to compose inappropriate messages is greatly restricted, while “effective” in the sense that users are still allowed a broad range of expressivity in composing and exchanging chat messages.




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Aliphatic polycarbonate quench method

The present disclosure is directed to, in part, an aliphatic polycarbonate polymerization reaction initiated by combining an epoxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalytic transition metal-ligand complex to form a reaction mixture, and further quenching that polymerization reaction by contacting the reaction mixture with an acid containing a non-nucleophilic anion produces a crude polymer solution with improved stability and processability.




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Lighter and method for eliminating smoking that includes interactive self-learning software

Smoking cessation lighter is configured for lighting cigarettes for a smoker, and learning software is provided for monitoring smoking behavior of a smoker during a first data collection period and guiding a smoker's smoking cessation by directing the smoker when the smoker is to smoke a cigarette based on data collected during the first data collection period. The learning software monitors user behavior and collects data during use of the lighter by the smoker after the initial data collection period in order to analyze and further guide the smoker based on the smoker's cheating behavior, the smoker's behavior of lighting a cigarette for a friend, and the smoker's behavior of skipping use of the lighter at a time when the smoker has been directed to light a cigarette by the lighter.




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Writing of new data of a first block size in a raid array that stores both parity and data in a second block size

A Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) controller receives new data that is to be written, wherein the new data is indicated in blocks of a first block size. The RAID controller reads old data, and old parity that corresponds to the old data, stored in blocks of a second block size that is larger in size than the first block size. The RAID controller computes new parity based on the new data, the old data, and the old parity. The RAID controller writes the new data and the new parity aligned to the blocks of the second block size, wherein portions of the old data that are not overwritten by the RAID controller are also written to the blocks of the second block size.




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Writing of new data of a first block size in a raid array that stores both parity and data in a second block size

A Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) controller receives new data that is to be written, wherein the new data is indicated in blocks of a first block size. The RAID controller reads old data, and old parity that corresponds to the old data, stored in blocks of a second block size that is larger in size than the first block size. The RAID controller computes new parity based on the new data, the old data, and the old parity. The RAID controller writes the new data and the new parity aligned to the blocks of the second block size, wherein portions of the old data that are not overwritten by the RAID controller are also written to the blocks of the second block size.




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Process for recovering aliphatic monocarboxylic acids from distillation

A process is provided for recovering aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 4 to 11 carbon atoms from the distillation residue obtained in the oxidation of the corresponding aldehyde by means of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas mixtures in the presence of alkali metal carboxylates or alkaline earth metal carboxylates to form the corresponding monocarboxylic acid and subsequent distillation, characterized in that the distillation residue is reacted with an aqueous acid in a tube reactor and the two-phase mixture flowing out from the tube reactor is introduced into a settling vessel in which the organic phase which separates out has a pH of 4.5 or less.




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Process for triphosphate oligonucleotide synthesis

This invention relates to a process for preparing an oligonucleotide 5'-triphosphate. The process comprises the steps of: (a) synthesizing an oligonucleotide having a 5' hydroxyl moiety; (b) reacting the 5' hydroxyl moiety with a reagent of formula I: to convert the 5' hydroxyl moiety to a 5'-H-phosphonate, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of haloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycle, and substituted heterocycle, acyl, phosphoryl, substituted alkyl acyl, substituted heteroalkyl acyl, substituted aryl acyl or substituted heteroaryl acyl, substituted alkyl phosphoryl, substituted heteroalkyl acyl, substituted aryl phosphoryl, and substituted heteroaryl phosphoryl; (c) activating the H-phosphonate of step (b) by reacting the H-phosphonate with a silylating agent, a halogenated oxidizing agent, a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, or a combination thereof, to form an activated H-phosphonate; and (d) treating the oligonucleotide having an activated H-phosphonate from step (c) with a poly(alkylammonium)pyrophosphate.