Alaska’s Arctic tundra is one of the most rapidly warming regions in the world. For years, scientists have been working to interpret the effects of its changing climate and determine what these changes may mean for the rest of the planet. Coarse-scale satellite imagery of much of this region shows the tundra is becoming greener. This has been widely attributed to shrub expansion.

In the Pacific Northwest, native salmon and trout are some of the toughest survivors on the block. Over time, these fish have evolved behavioral adaptations to natural disturbances, and they rely on these disturbances to deliver coarse sediment and wood that become complex stream habitat. Powerful disturbances such as wildfire, postfire landslides, and debris flows may be detrimental to fish populations in the short term, but over time, they enrich instream habitats, enhancing long-term fish survival and productivity.

Increasing the population of spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead in Washington state’s Methow River is a goal of the Upper Columbia Spring Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Recovery Plan. Spring Chinook salmon and summer steelhead are listed as endangered and threatened, respectively, under the Endangered Species Act.

This guidebook describes The Island Research Natural Area, an 84-ha (208-ac) tract established to represent examples of the western juniper/big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass (Juniperus occidentalis/Artemisia tridentata/Pseudoroegneria spicata), and the western juniper/big sagebrush-antelope bitterbrush/bluebunch wheatgrass (Juniperus occidentalis/Artemisia tridentata-Purshia tridentata/Pseudoroegneria spicata) plant associations.

Old-growth forests provide unique habitat features and landscape functions compared to younger stands. The goals of many forest management plans in the Pacific Northwest include increasing the area of late-successional and old-growth forests.

Excess nitrogen stemming from human activities is a common water pollutant. Fertilizer runoff, sewage, and fossil fuel emission all contain nitrogen that often ends in streams, rivers, and ultimately the ocean.

Applying a simple method of centering single level variable width, float left menus.

An update to one of my early gallery demonstrations to bring it up to date using the latest CSS techniques.

An update to one of my early 'one page' demonstrations to bring it up to date using the latest CSS techniques.

After much searching of the web and with the arrival of IE8, I now have a method of positioning horizontal menus of unknown width left / center / right in the containing element.

A droplist menu with method of setting the number of columns in each list and the option of a full width bottom bar for extra linking.

A previous professional droplist menu with the additional feature of a dropline heading with droplists giving extra lists within the same dropdown.

A droplist menu using top level blocks containing images with text and links.

A CSS only version of the popular javascript dynamic menu.

A similar menu to the previous image version, but this time using expanding text on mouseover.

Another version of the CSS only fisheye menu, this time with expanding images and associated text.

Adding the use of png images for IE6 and giving a smoother zoom animation

A vertical menu with a 2 tier flyout and the last tier can contain any information you like including images, text and further links.

A definition list menu using the new menu system to simplify the styling

Using CSS3 to produce a slide up/down multi column lists menu system

Using Microsoft filter to produce a drop shadow for all versions of IE to match the css3 shadows of Firefox etc.

Mapping of irregular shapes using just css. With hover effect and popup information panel.

A CSS menu with current page override and graphic/information.

A droplist menu with 1, 2 3 or 4 columns and flyout sub menus.

A CSS3 animated droplist menu with slide up/down and fade in/out for browsers that support transitions

A dropdown menu with a twist and CSS3 enhancements.

Using the w3.org HTML+TIME to produce a flylist menu that works in IE browsers from IE5.5 upwards (and all other browsers).

A CSS only answer to javascript/jQuery pull-down information panels.

A Drop List Menu with curved corners and drop shadows.

A droplist menu with delay action aimed at the Safari Mobile browser (iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch).

A flyout list menu with slide action aimed at the Safari Mobile browser (iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch).

A flyout list menu with top level links and a close menu icon for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

Using CSS3 and the latest discoveries and techniques to update this demonstrations.

A droplist menu with top level links and a close menu tab for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

A pulldown panel containing a droplist menu using just CSS and suitable for the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch.

Using CSS3 to animate a page flip to show two inner pages with a little twist.

A droplist menu with click action and click to close feature.

A droplist menu with slidedown action and pushdown of the content beneath.

A :target gallery with no browser window jump and no cycling through the images when using the browser 'back' button.

Using CSS3 to animate a stretch/droplist menu.

Using just a definition list to produce a dropdown menu suitable for the iPad etc..

Using just a definition list to produce a horizontal sliding menu with diagonal lists suitable for the iPad etc..

A CSS3 hover / dropdown menu with sub menus staying open when moving the mouse off the menu.

A method of getting a droplist menu to work in IE10 on touch screen devices.

A droplist menu that works on touch screen devices including Android OS and has animation.

A responsive droplist menu that works on touch screen devices including Android OS and IE10.

A simple iris/diaphragm open/close menu.

A tennis animation using simple html code and CSS.

Using minimal jQuery and css3 to create responsive videos with playlists, video play state and multi occurrences.

A simple method of adding a playlist to HTML5 video including support for IE7+.