sleep

‘Sleepless in Seattle’ house is for sale in Baltimore

The Fells Point house that played Meg Ryan’s character’s home in 1993's “Sleepless in Seattle" is for sale, with an asking price of $575,000.




sleep

Off-duty FDNY firefighter busted for DWI after found sleeping in parked car

Police discovered firefighter Lenzell Ross, 28, snoozing in his parked Tesla on the side of the Belt Parkway near Shore Parkway in Lindenwood about 2:30 a.m., authorities said.




sleep

SEE IT: Home invader with knife walks through sleeping man’s home in Brooklyn

Creepy video of an intruder with a knife roaming through a sleeping man’s kitchen in Brooklyn was released by police Sunday night.




sleep

Suspect with knife captured on video in sleeping man’s home may have also slipped into Brooklyn building: police

Cops are looking into the possibility a man who stalked through a Brooklyn home with a knife may have trespassed through another nearby location the night before.




sleep

Like us, fish experience the ‘dreaming’ stage of sleep

Deep sleep and REM sleep could be universal among vertebrates, stretching 450 million years back in evolutionary time.




sleep

Poor-quality sleep could prime the brain for an anxious day

From a neurobiology perspective, anxiety and sleep deprivation look very much alike.




sleep

Quarantined Laila Lalami tries "Middlemarch," falls asleep with "The Bell Jar" instead

In a coronavirus quarantine diary, 'The Other Americans' author Laila reads 'The Bell Jar,' recommends Kiese Laymon's 'Heavy' and watches 'Devs.'




sleep

Purdue, IU are prioritizing Brandon Newman — but there's a sleeper Big Ten school to watch

Purdue and Indiana have prioritized the Valparaiso product for their 2019 class, but they aren't short on competition.

      




sleep

Alleged thieves found sleeping in car surrounded by stolen items

Having a snooze proved costly for two alleged thieves from Owen Sound.




sleep

It’s time to stop sleeping on the Chargers’ Super Bowl chances

Since 2002, the first year the league expanded to 32 teams, the Chargers have made the playoffs six times, just one of which saw them advance further than the divisional round. That could change this season.




sleep

11 of the best pillows for a good night's sleep

BEST PILLOW DEALS:


Achieving a good night’s sleep isn’t always easy. Busy schedules, frequent stress, and bad rest environments can be culprits for sleep troubles. And it’s more common than you think. 

According to the American Sleep Association, 50 to 70 million U.S. adults have a sleep disorder. If your sleepless nights are taking a toll on your health, it might be time for you to buy a new pillow. 

More about Sleep, Pillows, Mashable Shopping, Culture, and Work Life
IMAGE: Coop Home Goods

BEST OVERALL

Coop Home Goods Eden Shredded Memory Foam Pillow

Breathability, comfort, and design make the Coop Home Goods’ Eden Shredded Memory Foam Pillow a top pick if you need to improve your quality of sleep.

  • Dimensions: Standard (17.9 x 6.8 x 6.1 inches), Queen (18 x 6 x 6 inches), and King (17.9 x 6.5 x 6.3 inches)
  • Materials: Bamboo-derived viscose rayon and polyester
  • Sleep factor: Good for back, side, and stomach sleepers
$80.99 from Coop Home Goods

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST FOR SIDE SLEEPERS

Brookstone BioSense 2-in-1 Shoulder Pillow

  • Dimensions: 28 x 20 x 6 inches
  • Materials: Better Than Down microfill and BioSense memory foam core
  • Sleep factor: Good for side sleepers
$119.95 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST FOR BACK SLEEPERS

Nature's Guest Cervical Support Pillow

  • Dimensions: 18.5 x 9.5 x 7.2 inches
  • Materials: Cotton fabric cover, microfiber filling, and silk gusset trim
  • Sleep factor: Good for back sleepers
$79.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST FOR STOMACH SLEEPERS

TruContour Super Thin Memory Foam Pillow

  • Dimensions: 24 x 16 x 2.5 inches
  • Materials: Medical-grade memory foam and certified organic cotton
  • Sleep factor: Good for stomach sleepers
$39.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK

Triple Cloud Shredded Memory Foam Pillow

The Triple Cloud Shredded Memory Foam Pillow offers comfort perks and adjustable firmness at a fraction of the price.

  • Dimensions: Standard/Queen (15.9 x 5.6 x 5.2 inches), Queen (17 x 6 x 6 inches), and King ( 17.3 x 7.7 x 6.4 inches)
  • Material: Bamboo-shredded memory foam
  • Sleep factor: Good for back, side, and stomach sleepers
$39.95 from Amazon

IMAGE: Avocado Green

BEST FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Avocado Green Pillow

  • Dimensions: Standard (19 x 24 inches), Queen (19 x 28 inches), and King (19 x 35 inches)
  • Materials: Certified organic cotton, kapok fiber, and natural latex
  • Sleep factor: Good for back, side, and stomach sleepers
$79 from Avocado Green

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST FOR HEAD, NECK, AND SHOULDER SUPPORT

UTTU Adjustable Memory Foam Pillow

Keep head, neck, and shoulder pain at bay with UTTU’s Adjustable Memory Foam Pillow.

  • Dimensions: 7.9 x 7.9 x 14.2 inches
  • Materials: Bamboo fiber, polyester, and memory foam
  • Sleep factor: Good for back, side, and stomach sleepers
$69.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST FOR ALLERGY SUFFERERS

Pacific Coast AllerRest Double DownAround Pillow

Reduce congestion, coughing, sneezing, and other pesky allergy symptoms while you sleep.

  • Dimensions: Standard (20 x 26 inches), Queen (20 x 30 inches), and King (20 x 36 inches)
  • Materials: AllerRest fabric, Barrier Weave down and feather proof fabric, cotton
  • Sleep factor: Good for back, side, and stomach sleepers
$62.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Leesa

BEST HYBRID OPTION

Leesa Hybrid Pillow

Switch back and forth between a soft pillow top and a cooling, memory foam underside for multiple ways to catch some sleep.

  • Dimensions : Standard (16 x 24 inches), Queen (16 x 28 inches)
  • Materials : Polyester microfiber, ventilated gel, Leesa's Tencel fabric, and nylon.
  • Sleep factor: Best for back and side sleepers
$98 from Leesa

IMAGE: Amazon

BEST 2-FOR-1 DEAL

Beckham Hotel Collection Gel Pillow

You'll be getting two pillows with somewhere-in-the-middle support for the price of one.

  • Dimensions : Queen (20 x 28 inches)
  • Materials: Cotton cover and poly-gel fiber filling
  • Sleep factor : Good for back, side, and stomach sleepers
$33.99 from Amazon

IMAGE: Tuft & Needle

BEST FOR DURABILITY

Tuft & Needle Pillow

If you're looking for a durable pillow and tend to sleep on your back or side, the Tuft & Needle Pillow will have you catching z's in no time.

  • Dimensions : 25 x 16 x 5 inches
  • Materials : Micro polyamide, polyester, and Tuft & Needle's proprietary Adaptive Foam
  • Sleep factor: Best for back and side sleepers
$68 from Tuft & Needle




sleep

Stop Losing Sleep: 7 Steps for Stress-free Decision-making

Decision-making can be tough especially when the best choice isn’t glaringly obvious. We’re faced with this process every minute of the day. When do I wake up? What’s for lunch? Do I want to go out on a date with this person? What do I want to do with my life? Can I stay in […]

The post Stop Losing Sleep: 7 Steps for Stress-free Decision-making appeared first on Dumb Little Man.




sleep

Type 1 Diabetes and Sleep

Sarah S. Farabi
Feb 1, 2016; 29:10-13
From Research to Practice




sleep

Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes

Jimmy Doumit
Feb 1, 2016; 29:14-19
From Research to Practice




sleep

Killing 'sleeper cells' may enhance breast cancer therapy

(Walter and Eliza Hall Institute) The anti-cancer medicine venetoclax could improve the current therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer - the most common form of breast cancer in Australia - according to preclinical studies led by Walter and Eliza Hall Institute researchers. The promising preclinical results for this 'triple therapy' have underpinned a phase 1 clinical trial in Melbourne, Australia, that is combining venetoclax with hormone therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with ER+ breast cancer.




sleep

"Loss of Pleasure" Found in Teen Sleep Study

Source:

Sleep patterns around the world have been disrupted as screen time increases and sleep routines change with COVID-19 self-isolation requirements. Negative mood is not unusual in adolescence, but lack of sleep can affect mental health, causing anhedonia (or loss of pleasure), anxiety, anger and significantly increasing the risk of depression, a global study of more than 350,000 teens suggests.






sleep

Train kills 15 migrant workers sleeping on tracks in Aurangabad, India

Officials said 15 migrant workers were killed Friday when a cargo train ran them over as they slept on the tracks near Aurangabad, India.




sleep

Sleep Duration Patterns in Early to Middle Adulthood and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women

OBJECTIVE

To identify sleep duration trajectories from early to middle adulthood and their associations with incident type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using a group-based modeling approach, we identified sleep duration trajectories based on sleep duration in ages 20–25, 26–35, 36–45, and 46+ years, which were retrospectively assessed in 2009 among 60,068 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (median age 54.9 years) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We investigated the prospective associations between sleep duration trajectories and diabetes risk (2009–2017) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

We documented 1,797 incident diabetes cases over a median follow-up of 7.8 years (442,437 person-years). Six sleep duration trajectories were identified: persistent 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-h sleep duration and increased or decreased sleep duration. After multivariable adjustment for diabetes risk factors, compared with the persistent 7-h sleep duration group, the hazard ratio was 1.43 (95% CI 1.10, 1.84) for the 5-h group, 1.17 (1.04, 1.33) for the 6-h group, 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) for the 8-h group, 1.33 (1.09, 1.61) for the increased sleep duration group, and 1.32 (1.10, 1.59) for the decreased sleep duration group. Additional adjustment for time-updated comorbidities and BMI attenuated these associations, although a significantly higher risk remained in the decreased sleep duration group (1.24 [1.03, 1.50]).

CONCLUSIONS

Persistent short sleep duration or changes in sleep duration from early to middle adulthood were associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. These associations were weaker after obesity and metabolic comorbidities were accounted for.




sleep

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular and Microvascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From a Population-Based Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE

To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), microvascular complications, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes who subsequently develop obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared with patients with type 2 diabetes without a diagnosis of OSA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This age-, sex-, BMI-, and diabetes duration–matched cohort study used data from a U.K. primary care database from 1 January 2005 to 17 January 2018. Participants aged ≥16 years with type 2 diabetes were included. Exposed participants were those who developed OSA after their diabetes diagnosis; unexposed participants were those without diagnosed OSA. Outcomes were composite CVD (ischemic heart disease [IHD], stroke/transient ischemic attack [TIA], heart failure [HF]), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), atrial fibrillation (AF), peripheral neuropathy (PN), diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), referable retinopathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and all-cause mortality. The same outcomes were explored in patients with preexisting OSA before a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes versus diabetes without diagnosed OSA.

RESULTS

A total of 3,667 exposed participants and 10,450 matched control participants were included. Adjusted hazard ratios for the outcomes were as follows: composite CVD 1.54 (95% CI 1.32, 1.79), IHD 1.55 (1.26, 1.90), HF 1.67 (1.35, 2.06), stroke/TIA 1.57 (1.27, 1.94), PVD 1.10 (0.91, 1.32), AF 1.53 (1.28, 1.83), PN 1.32 (1.14, 1.51), DFD 1.42 (1.16, 1.74), referable retinopathy 0.99 (0.82, 1.21), CKD (stage 3–5) 1.18 (1.02, 1.36), albuminuria 1.11 (1.01, 1.22), and all-cause mortality 1.24 (1.10, 1.40). In the prevalent OSA cohort, the results were similar, but some associations were not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with type 2 diabetes who develop OSA are at increased risk of CVD, AF, PN, DFD, CKD, and all-cause mortality compared with patients without diagnosed OSA. Patients with type 2 diabetes who develop OSA are a high-risk population, and strategies to detect OSA and prevent cardiovascular and microvascular complications should be implemented.




sleep

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment, Glycemia, and Diabetes Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease

OBJECTIVE

Despite evidence of a relationship among obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), metabolic dysregulation, and diabetes, it is uncertain whether OSA treatment can improve metabolic parameters. We sought to determine effects of long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on glycemic control and diabetes risk in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and OSA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Blood, medical history, and personal data were collected in a substudy of 888 participants in the Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular End Points (SAVE) trial in which patients with OSA and stable CVD were randomized to receive CPAP plus usual care, or usual care alone. Serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 2 and 4 years and incident diabetes diagnoses recorded.

RESULTS

Median follow-up was 4.3 years. In those with preexisting diabetes (n = 274), there was no significant difference between the CPAP and usual care groups in serum glucose, HbA1c, or antidiabetic medications during follow-up. There were also no significant between-group differences in participants with prediabetes (n = 452) or in new diagnoses of diabetes. Interaction testing suggested that women with diabetes did poorly in the usual care group, while their counterparts on CPAP therapy remained stable.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with established CVD and OSA, we found no evidence that CPAP therapy over several years affects glycemic control in those with diabetes or prediabetes or diabetes risk over standard-of-care treatment. The potential differential effect according to sex deserves further investigation.




sleep

Disabled flies sleep more as they learn to adapt

New research suggests flies that are unable to fly sleep more as they learn to adapt to their disability.




sleep

Why sleep matters now more than ever | Matt Walker

A good night's sleep has perhaps never been more important. Sharing wisdom and debunking myths, sleep scientist Matt Walker discusses the impact of sleep on mind and body -- from unleashing your creative powers to boosting your memory and immune health -- and details practices you can start (and stop) doing tonight to get some rest. (This virtual conversation is part of the TED Connects series, hosted by head of TED Chris Anderson and current affairs curator Whitney Pennington Rodgers. Recorded April 1, 2020)




sleep

School Resource Officer Activates Taser to Awaken Sleeping Student in Ohio

Police in northeast Ohio have placed a school resource officer on unpaid leave for activating a Taser to wake up a sleeping student.




sleep

The nocturnal brain : nightmares, neuroscience and the secret world of sleep / Guy Leschziner.

Sleep deprivation -- Anecdotes.




sleep

The sleepwalkers : how Europe went to war in 1914 / Christopher Clark.

World War, 1914-1918 -- Causes.




sleep

Sleepyhead : the neuroscience of a good night's rest / Henry Nicholls.

Sleep disorders.




sleep

Electrical-psychology, or, The electrical philosophy of mental impressions, including a new philosophy of sleep and of consciousness / from the works of J.B. Dods and J.S. Grimes ; revised and edited by H.G. Darling.

London : John J. Griffin, 1851.




sleep

A sleeping nymph. Engraving by A. Bertini after G. Tognoli after A. Canova.

[Rome?]




sleep

Banditti in Italy: a brigand sleeps, a woman watches him, and another man stands guard. Mezzotint after C.L. Eastake.

[London], [between 1820 and 1829?]




sleep

Sleep.

[1990-1999?]




sleep

Odysseus asleep : uncollected sequences, 1994-2019

Sanger, Peter, 1943- author.
9781554472048




sleep

Sleep Deprivation Biases the Neural Mechanisms Underlying Economic Preferences

Vinod Venkatraman
Mar 9, 2011; 31:3712-3718
BehavioralSystemsCognitive




sleep

The Pain of Sleep Loss: A Brain Characterization in Humans

Adam J. Krause
Mar 20, 2019; 39:2291-2300
BehavioralSystemsCognitive




sleep

Sleep Loss Promotes Astrocytic Phagocytosis and Microglial Activation in Mouse Cerebral Cortex

Michele Bellesi
May 24, 2017; 37:5263-5273
Cellular




sleep

Sleep Disorders in Adolescents

Chronic sleep deprivation is a common, treatable condition among adolescents. Growing literature supports a myriad consequences that impact overall health, behavior, mood, and academic performance in this vulnerable age group during a time when there are rapid changes in physical development and emotional regulation. This article reviews the epidemiology and health effects of sleep deprivation in adolescents as well as common disorders leading to sleep loss and evidence to support treatment. Although a variety of important sleep disorders may disrupt quality of sleep in adolescents, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy, this article will focus on common disorders that affect the quantity of sleep, such as poor sleep hygiene, circadian rhythm disorders, and insomnia.




sleep

Sleep Duration, Sleep Regularity, Body Weight, and Metabolic Homeostasis in School-aged Children

Associations between short sleep duration, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction have been proposed for children but have not been explored appropriately.

The main findings included a nonlinear trend between sleep duration and body weight and the finding that children's sleep averaged 8 hours per night regardless of body weight. Lower sleep duration values were strongly associated with increased metabolic risk. (Read the full article)




sleep

Preterm Birth Alters the Maturation of Baroreflex Sensitivity in Sleeping Infants

Blood pressure and heart rate are altered by sleep state and postnatal age in healthy term and preterm infants. Preterm infants have altered blood pressure responses to head-up tilting during sleep.

Preterm birth has marked effects on the maturation of baroreflex sensitivity during sleep, which may contribute to the greater vulnerability of preterm infants to sudden infant death syndrome. (Read the full article)




sleep

Prevalence, Patterns, and Persistence of Sleep Problems in the First 3 Years of Life

Sleep problems are common during childhood, but screening for sleep problems in the clinic setting is often cursory. Moreover, there are few longitudinal studies examining the prevalence and persistence of sleep problems in young children.

Patterns of sleep problems vary across early development, but sleep problems arising in infancy persist in 21% of children through 36 months of age. Parent response to a nonspecific query about sleep problems may overlook relevant sleep symptoms and behaviors. (Read the full article)




sleep

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in a Population-Based Cohort: Behavioral Outcomes at 4 and 7 Years

Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with neurobehavioral morbidity in children. Prior related research has generally been cross-sectional or short (ie, 1–2 years) follow-up studies of a single symptom (ie, snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, mouth breathing), with limited control for confounders.

Sleep-disordered breathing was assessed as a trajectory of combined symptoms from 6 months to 69 months, in more than 11 000 children. Sleep-disordered breathing was associated with 40% and 60% more behavioral difficulties at 4 and 7 years, respectively. (Read the full article)




sleep

Risk Factor Changes for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome After Initiation of Back-to-Sleep Campaign

Prone sleep, bed-sharing, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and prematurity increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The sudden infant death syndrome rate initially declined dramatically after the initiation of the US Back-to-Sleep campaign in 1994, but subsequently plateaued.

The risk profile has changed since the Back-to-Sleep campaign; the prevalence of simultaneous risks has remained consistent. Intrinsic and extrinsic risks provide unification into 1 underlying triple-risk model and insights into potential underlying mechanisms. (Read the full article)




sleep

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Infant Sleep

Twin studies provide a natural experiment that can determine the extent of genetic and environmental influences on sleep behavior. Previous studies have indicated that genes contribute moderately to sleep.

In the largest pediatric study to date, we demonstrate that the shared environment strongly influences sleep behavior in infants, with no gender differences in the results. This research provides strong impetus to future work identifying the key modifiable environmental drivers. (Read the full article)




sleep

Montelukast for Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are usually treated by surgical removal of their upper airway lymphadenoid tissue. Recently, medications were offered to patients with nonsevere OSA. Montelukast, for this indication, had never been studied in a randomized controlled manner.

Montelukast effectively reduced polysomnographic findings, symptoms, and the size of the adenoidal tissue in children with nonsevere OSA. The findings support the potential of a leukotriene modifier as a novel, safe, noninvasive alternative for children with mild to moderate OSA. (Read the full article)




sleep

Effect of Honey on Nocturnal Cough and Sleep Quality: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Honey is recommended as a cough medication by the World Health Organization. To date, the efficacy of this treatment has been shown in 2 studies: one tested only buckwheat honey and the other study was not blinded.

In a randomized controlled trial, we compared 3 types of honey versus placebo as a treatment of upper respiratory tract infection–associated cough. These types of honey were superior to placebo in alleviating cough. (Read the full article)




sleep

The Impact of a Healthy Media Use Intervention on Sleep in Preschool Children

Although observational studies have consistently reported an association between media use and child sleep problems, it is unclear whether the relationship is causal or if an intervention targeting healthy media use can improve sleep in preschool-aged children.

This study demonstrates that a healthy media use intervention can improve child sleep outcomes and adds evidence that the relationship between media and sleep in preschool-aged children is indeed causal in nature. (Read the full article)




sleep

Pediatric Sleep Disorders and Special Educational Need at 8 Years: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and behavioral sleep problems (BSPs) affect cognitive, behavioral, and language development. No studies have examined associations between SDB and BSPs across early childhood, and later special education need (SEN), on a population basis.

A history of SDB through 5 years of age was associated with ~40% increased odds of SEN at 8 years, among >11 000 children. BSPs were associated with 7% increased odds of SEN, for each additional ~12 months of reported BSPs. (Read the full article)




sleep

Five-Year Follow-up of Harms and Benefits of Behavioral Infant Sleep Intervention: Randomized Trial

Behavioral techniques effectively reduce infant sleep problems and associated maternal depression in the short- to medium-term (4–16 months’ postintervention). Despite their effectiveness, theoretical concerns persist about long-term harm on children’s emotional development, stress regulation, mental health, and the child-parent relationship.

Behavioral sleep techniques did not cause long-lasting harms or benefits to child, child-parent, or maternal outcomes. Parents and health professionals can feel comfortable about using these techniques to reduce the population burden of infant sleep problems and maternal depression. (Read the full article)




sleep

Sleep Duration and Adiposity During Adolescence

Some epidemiologic evidence suggests an inverse association between sleep duration and obesity in various age groups. However, in the case of adolescents, inconsistent results have been reported, which can be partly explained by methodologic options.

Our study supports an effect of sleep duration in adiposity during adolescence and found gender differences in this association. The results are consistent by using either the traditional longitudinal approach or cross-lagged modeling. (Read the full article)




sleep

Impact of Sleep Extension and Restriction on Children's Emotional Lability and Impulsivity

Healthy sleep is essential for supporting alertness and other key functional domains required for academic success. Research involving the impact of modest changes in sleep duration on children’s day-to-day behavior in school is limited.

This study shows that modest changes in sleep duration have significant impact on the behavior of typically developing children in school. Modest sleep extension resulted in detectable improvement in behavior, whereas modest sleep restriction had the opposite effect. (Read the full article)




sleep

Presleep Activities and Time of Sleep Onset in Children

Presleep activities (eg, television watching) have been implicated in the declining sleep duration of young people. However, previous research reported on selected presleep activities, raising the possibility that important activities in this period are not accounted for.

This is the first study in youth to construct the presleep period by using a use-of-time approach. Twin trajectories of higher screen time and lower nonscreen sedentary time/self-care were evident in late sleepers, with the opposite pattern occurring in early sleepers. (Read the full article)