Title: Planning Your Diet Plan
Category: Health News
Created: 5/5/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/5/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: Some Reasons to Work With a Dietitian
Category: Health News
Created: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Does Diet Affect a Child's ADHD?
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: As Finals Draw Near, College Kids' Diets Worsen
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Diet Sodas May Not Help Kids Cut Calories
Category: Health News
Created: 5/2/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2019 12:00:00 AM

Fatty liver involves ectopic lipid accumulation and dysregulated hepatic oxidative metabolism, which can progress to a state of elevated inflammation and fibrosis referred to as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The factors that control progression from simple steatosis to NASH are not fully known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary vitamin E (VitE) supplementation would prevent NASH progression and associated metabolic alterations induced by a Western diet (WD). Hyperphagic melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient (MC4R^–/–) mice were fed chow, chow+VitE, WD, or WD+VitE starting at 8 or 20 weeks of age. All groups exhibited extensive hepatic steatosis by the end of the study (28 weeks of age). WD feeding exacerbated liver disease severity without inducing proportional changes in liver triglycerides. Eight weeks of WD accelerated liver pyruvate cycling, and 20 weeks of WD extensively upregulated liver glucose and oxidative metabolism assessed by ²H/¹³C flux analysis. VitE supplementation failed to reduce the histological features of NASH. Rather, WD+VitE increased the abundance and saturation of liver ceramides and accelerated metabolic flux dysregulation compared with 8 weeks of WD alone. In summary, VitE did not limit NASH pathogenesis in genetically obese mice, but instead increased some indicators of metabolic dysfunction.

ABSTRACT

Obesity and associated metabolic disorders are worldwide public health issues. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of diet-induced obesity. Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a widely consumed food emulsifier with antibacterial properties. Here, we explore the anti-obesity effect of GML (1,600 mg/kg of body weight) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. HFD-fed mice were treated with 1,600 mg/kg GML. Integrated microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses were used to systematically investigate the metabolic effects of GML, and antibiotic treatment was used to assess the effects of GML on the gut microbiota. Our data indicated that GML significantly reduced body weight and visceral fat deposition, improved hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid metabolism, and ameliorated glucose homeostasis and inflammation in HFD-fed mice. Importantly, GML modulated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and selectively increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Antibiotic treatment abolished all the GML-mediated metabolic improvements. A multiomics (microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome) association study showed that GML significantly modulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, and the abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum strongly correlated with the metabolites and genes that participated in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Our results indicated that GML may be provided for obesity prevention by targeting the gut microbiota and regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Yi Huang, Jazmin Osorio Mendoza, Catherine Hambly, Baoguo Li, Zengguang Jin, Li Li, Moshen Madizi, Sumei Hu, and John R. Speakman

The heat dissipation limit theory predicts lactating female mice consuming diets with lower specific dynamic action (SDA) should have enhanced lactation performance. Dietary fat has lower SDA than other macronutrients. Here we tested the effects of graded dietary fat levels on lactating Swiss mice. We fed females five diets varying in fat content from 8.3 to 66.6%. Offspring of mothers fed diets of 41.7% fat and above were heavier and fatter at weaning compared to those of 8.3% and 25% fat diets. Mice on dietary fat contents of 41.7% and above had greater metabolizable energy intake at peak lactation (8.3%: 229.4±39.6, 25%: 278.8±25.8, 41.7%: 359.6±51.5, 58.3%: 353.7±43.6, 66.6%: 346±44.7 kJ day^–1), lower daily energy expenditure (8.3%: 128.5±16, 25%: 131.6±8.4, 41.7%: 124.4±10.8, 58.3%: 115.1±10.5, 66.6%: 111.2±11.5 kJ day^–1) and thus delivered more milk energy to their offspring (8.3%: 100.8±27.3, 25%: 147.2±25.1, 41.7%: 225.1±49.6, 58.3%: 238.6±40.1, 66.6%: 234.8±41.1 kJ day^–1). Milk fat content (%) was unrelated to dietary fat content, indicating females on higher fat diets (> 41.7%) produced more rather than richer milk. Mothers consuming diets with 41.7% fat or above enhanced their lactation performance compared to those on 25% or less, probably by diverting dietary fat directly into the milk, thereby avoiding the costs of lipogenesis. At dietary fat contents above 41.7% they were either unable to transfer more dietary fat to the milk, or they chose not to do so, potentially because of a lack of benefit to the offspring that were increasingly fatter as maternal dietary fat increased.

ABSTRACT

The chemical structures of soluble fiber carbohydrates vary from source to source due to numerous possible linkage configurations among monomers. However, it has not been elucidated whether subtle structural variations might impact soluble fiber fermentation by colonic microbiota. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that subtle structural variations in a soluble polysaccharide govern the community structure and metabolic output of fermenting microbiota. We performed in vitro fecal fermentation studies using arabinoxylans (AXs) from different classes of wheat (hard red spring [AX_HRS], hard red winter [AX_HRW], and spring red winter [AX_SRW]) with identical initial microbiota. Carbohydrate analyses revealed that AX_SRW was characterized by a significantly shorter backbone and increased branching compared with those of the hard varieties. Amplicon sequencing demonstrated that fermentation of AX_SRW resulted in a distinct community structure of significantly higher richness and evenness than those of hard-AX-fermenting cultures. AX_SRW favored OTUs within Bacteroides, whereas AX_HRW and AX_HRS favored Prevotella. Accordingly, metabolic output varied between hard and soft varieties; higher propionate production was observed with AX_SRW and higher butyrate and acetate with AX_HRW and AX_HRS. This study showed that subtle changes in the structure of a dietary fiber may strongly influence the composition and function of colonic microbiota, further suggesting that physiological functions of dietary fibers are highly structure dependent. Thus, studies focusing on interactions among dietary fiber, gut microbiota, and health outcomes should better characterize the structures of the carbohydrates employed.

IMPORTANCE Diet, especially with respect to consumption of dietary fibers, is well recognized as one of the most important factors shaping the colonic microbiota composition. Accordingly, many studies have been conducted to explore dietary fiber types that could predictably manipulate the colonic microbiota for improved health. However, the majority of these studies underappreciate the vastness of fiber structures in terms of their microbial utilization and omit detailed carbohydrate structural analysis. In some cases, this causes conflicting results to arise between studies using (theoretically) the same fibers. In this investigation, by performing in vitro fecal fermentation studies using bran arabinoxylans obtained from different classes of wheat, we showed that even subtle changes in the structure of a dietary fiber result in divergent microbial communities and metabolic outputs. This underscores the need for much higher structural resolution in studies investigating interactions of dietary fibers with gut microbiota, both in vitro and in vivo.

OBJECTIVE

Debate continues regarding the influence of dietary fats and sugars on the risk of developing metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effect of two eucaloric diets, one enriched with saturated fat (SFA) and the other enriched with free sugars (SUGAR), on intrahepatic triacylglycerol (IHTAG) content, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and whole-body postprandial metabolism in overweight males.

Dietary protein residue can result in microbial generation of various toxic metabolites in the gut, such as ammonia. A prebiotic is "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit" (G. R. Gibson, R. Hutkins, M. E. Sanders, S. L. Prescott, et al., Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:491–502, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75). Prebiotics are carbohydrates that may have the potential to reverse the harmful effects of gut bacterial protein fermentation. Three-stage continuous colonic model systems were inoculated with fecal samples from omnivore and vegetarian volunteers. Casein (equivalent to 105 g protein consumption per day) was used within the systems as a protein source. Two different doses of inulin-type fructans (Synergy1) were later added (equivalent to 10 g per day in vivo and 15 g per day) to assess whether this influenced protein fermentation. Bacteria were enumerated by fluorescence in situ hybridization with flow cytometry. Metabolites from bacterial fermentation (short-chain fatty acid [SCFA], ammonia, phenol, indole, and p-cresol) were monitored to further analyze proteolysis and the prebiotic effect. A significantly higher number of bifidobacteria was observed with the addition of inulin together with reduction of Desulfovibrio spp. Furthermore, metabolites from protein fermentation, such as branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia, were significantly lowered with Synergy1. Production of p-cresol varied among donors, as we recognized four high producing models and two low producing models. Prebiotic addition reduced its production only in vegetarian high p-cresol producers.

IMPORTANCE Dietary protein levels are generally higher in Western populations than in the world average. We challenged three-stage continuous colonic model systems containing high protein levels and confirmed the production of potentially harmful metabolites from proteolysis, especially replicates of the transverse and distal colon. Fermentations of proteins with a prebiotic supplementation resulted in a change in the human gut microbiota and inhibited the production of some proteolytic metabolites. Moreover, we observed both bacterial and metabolic differences between fecal bacteria from omnivore donors and vegetarian donors. Proteins with prebiotic supplementation showed higher Bacteroides spp. and inhibited Clostridium cluster IX in omnivore models, while in vegetarian modes, Clostridium cluster IX was higher and Bacteroides spp. lower with high protein plus prebiotic supplementation. Synergy1 addition inhibited p-cresol production in vegetarian high p-cresol-producing models while the inhibitory effect was not seen in omnivore models.

Tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, driven by the addictive nature of nicotine and the indisputable carcinogenicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as well as other compounds. The integration of lung cancer chemoprevention with smoking cessation is one potential approach to reduce this risk and mitigate lung cancer mortality. Experimental data from our group suggest that kava, commonly consumed in the South Pacific Islands as a beverage to promote relaxation, may reduce lung cancer risk by enhancing NNK detoxification and reducing NNK-derived DNA damage. Building upon these observations, we conducted a pilot clinical trial to evaluate the effects of a 7-day course of kava on NNK metabolism in active smokers. The primary objective was to compare urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL plus its glucuronides, major metabolites of NNK) before and after kava administration as an indicator of NNK detoxification. Secondary objectives included determining kava's safety, its effects on DNA damage, tobacco use, and cortisol (a biomarker of stress). Kava increased urinary excretion of total NNAL and reduced urinary 3-methyladenine in participants, suggestive of its ability to reduce the carcinogenicity of NNK. Kava also reduced urinary total nicotine equivalents, indicative of its potential to facilitate tobacco cessation. Plasma cortisol and urinary total cortisol equivalents were reduced upon kava use, which may contribute to reductions in tobacco use. These results demonstrate the potential of kava intake to reduce lung cancer risk among smokers.

Mới đây, Bộ Y tế đã xây dựng video hướng dẫn người dân tự pha dung dịch khử khuẩn để vệ sinh, khử khuẩn nhà cửa và các vật dụng thường xuyên tiếp xúc nhằm phòng chống dịch COVID-19.

Foods, such as French fries, cheese, cookies, soda, and sports and energy drinks, are commonly found in the diets of United States adults with inflammatory bowel disease, according to a new study.

Once the ‘go-to guy for feckless losers’, the actor is now spearheading Apple’s assault on British TV. He talks about flops, racism, chest hair – and Laurence Fox

In October 2005, Rafe Spall was starring in the role he thought he was born to play. Only 21 at the time, he’d bagged a part in Anna Mackmin’s reimagining of Francis Beaumont’s 1607 comedy The Knight of the Burning Pestle at the Barbican. The play isn’t just any old Renaissance play in the Spall household, it’s a hallowed text.

His father (Timothy Spall, you might have heard of him) had played the same part in a 1981 RSC version that changed his life for ever. It was while playing that role he met his wife, Shane, and the pair loved the play so much they decided to give their first child the name of the character his father played: Rafe. To make it seem even more preordained, it was Rafe’s grandmother’s favourite ever performance by his father. No pressure, then.

Atkins, Paleo or Zone – whichever diet you follow, you’ll probably only lose a bit of weight, and improvements to your cholesterol may disappear within a year

Following a healthy diet or exercising could impact how your brain ages, but the effects on cognitive skills later in life depend on specific gene variants that not everyone has

Justin Bieber discussed his experiences during the latest episode of his and wife Hailey's Facebook Watch series, The Biebers on Watch.

Educational status appears to have positive influence on a healthy diet, particularly in low income countries, according to new research examining European nutritional data.

Dietmar Hamann has cast doubt over whether Timo Werner would be a good fit for Liverpool and suggested Jurgen Klopp should look at other targets this summer.

HIGH blood pressure is often referred to as the "silent killer" due to its non-obvious symptoms, which when they do appear are often too late. Adding this drink to your diet will lower your reading and reduce your risk of serious health complications.

HOW to live longer: If you are looking to lead a long life, eating a healthy, balanced diet is the hard and fast rule to live by. The best diet to follow is still debated vigorously but there is a broad consensus emerging.

Citrus growers say under a proposed change, the health star rating for 100 per cent orange juice could drop from the current five stars to as low as 2.5 stars.

No Smartphone. No Google. No Twitter. No texting and no music — except for a Walkman.

The Hits Radio host is feeling better than ever

A Trenton, N.J., jury Wednesday found Paterson, N.J.-based dietary supplement companies Quality Formulation Laboratories Inc. and American Sports Nutrition Inc., as well as their owner, Mohamed S. Desoky, and managers Ahmad Desoky Esq. and Omar Desoky, guilty of multiple counts of criminal contempt of court for violating a consent decree.

New Jersey-based dietary supplement companies Quality Formulation Laboratories Inc. and American Sports Nutrition Inc., as well as their owner and managers, were sentenced today for multiple counts of criminal contempt of court for violating a consent decree entered by the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey on March 16, 2010.

The United States has entered a consent decree against ATF Fitness Products Inc., Manufacturing ATF Dedicated Excellence Inc. (MADE), and the owner and president of both companies, James G. Vercellotti, the Justice Department announced today.

U.S. District Court Judge Joseph F. Bianco entered a consent decree of permanent injunction between the United States, Kabco Pharmaceuticals Inc. and its CEO and President Abu Kabir.

The Department of Justice has favorably resolved three actions it filed in Arizona, Pennsylvania and South Carolina, to seize and condemn dietary supplements containing the unsafe food additive 1,3-dimethylamylamine, commonly known as DMAA, an amphetamine-like stimulant that has been linked to at least 86 adverse health events.

The Justice Department announced today that U.S. District Court Judge Otis D. Wright II of the Central District of California entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against GM Manufacturing Inc. (GMM) and Mao L. Yang, Mary Chen and David Yang on Friday, June 20, 2014, to prevent the distribution of adulterated dietary supplements

The Justice Department announced today that the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York has entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against Triceutical Inc. and its president, Liqun Zhang, of Farmingdale, New York, to prevent the distribution of adulterated dietary supplements

The Justice Department announced today that the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York has entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against Applied Polymer Systems dba APS Pharmaco (APS) and its president, Nuka Reddy, all of Lindenhurst, New York, to prevent the distribution of adulterated dietary supplements

Rend Al-Mondhiry has joined the firm Amin Talati from the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) as Senior Counsel, resident in the Washington, D.C. Office.

Older adults who consumed large amounts of flavonoid-rich foods were two to four times less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and related dementias over 20 years compared with people whose intake was low, in a study of 2,800 people.

We'd need another Canada-sized chunk of fertile land, scientists say, in order to meet those requirements.

Hemp is healthy!

When four American families switched to all-organic diets for a week, the results were dramatic.

The nations once renowned for their way of eating now have the highest childhood obesity rates in Europe.

The New York Times devotes an entire issue of the magazine to food, and of course, Michael Pollan has a place on the menu. He takes our our beloved KFC double down sandwich, Froot Loops being a smart choice, and

Natural materials are the only ones that sequester carbon rather than produce it.

The director of the Stockholm Resilience Centre says it's a huge problem that meat is so "culturally embedded in Western societies."

How big of a locavore are you? Could you eat only foods that were available to Native Americans before 1600?

Most of us aren't getting enough fiber, and that's a problem. Here's how to get more.

Dr. David Katz argues that poor nutrition is a greater threat than the coronavirus, but we think both are concerning.

In this excerpt from the latest book by the Union of Concerned Scientists, the authors look at the realities of local food.