McMartin, I; Godbout, P -M; Campbell, J E; Tremblay, T; Behnia, P. 2020 NWT and Nunavut Geoscience Forum, presentations; 2020 p. 1, 1 sheet

Galloway, J M; Dewing, K; Piepjohn, K; Smith, I R. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8750, 2020, 44 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/327426
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_327426.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_327426.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8750, 2020, 44 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/327426" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Bukhari, S S A; Sookhan, S; Eyles, N; Shi, Y; Mulligan, R P M; Paulen, R C. GSA 2020 Connects Online - Geological Society of America Annual Meeting; Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs vol. 52, no. 6, 2020 p. 1, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020AM-357973
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20200503.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20200503.jpg" title="GSA 2020 Connects Online - Geological Society of America Annual Meeting; Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs vol. 52, no. 6, 2020 p. 1, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020AM-357973" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Campbell, J E; McCurdy, M W; Lauzon, G; Regis, D; Wygergangs, M. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8714, 2020, 40 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/327218
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_327218.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_327218.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8714, 2020, 40 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/327218" height="150" border="1" /></a>

McMartin, I; Godbout, P -M; Campbell, J E; Tremblay, T; Behnia, P. GSA 2020 Connects Online - Geological Society of America Annual Meeting; Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs vol. 52, no. 6, 129-3, 2020 p. 1, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020AM-354703
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20200344.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20200344.jpg" title="GSA 2020 Connects Online - Geological Society of America Annual Meeting; Geological Society of America, Abstracts With Programs vol. 52, no. 6, 129-3, 2020 p. 1, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020AM-354703" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Zagorevski, A. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8674, 2020, 5 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/323678
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/of8674.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/of8674.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8674, 2020, 5 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/323678" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Weller, O M; Jackson, S; Miller, W G R; St-Onge, M R; Rayner, N. Journal of Metamorphic Geology vol. 38, issue 8, 2020 p. 853-880, https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12552
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20200020.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20200020.jpg" title="Journal of Metamorphic Geology vol. 38, issue 8, 2020 p. 853-880, https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12552" height="150" border="1" /></a>

McMartin, I; Godbout, P -M; Campbell, J E; Tremblay, T; Behnia, P. Geological Survey of Canada, Scientific Presentation 121, 2021, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/327853
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_327853.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_327853.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Scientific Presentation 121, 2021, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/327853" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Ryan, J J (ed.); Zagorevski, A (ed.). Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 610, 2021, 176 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/326050
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326050.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326050.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 610, 2021, 176 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/326050" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Re-release; McMartin, I; Campbell, J E; Godbout, P-M; Behnia, P; Tremblay, T; Normandeau, P X. Geological Survey of Canada, Preprint 4, 2022, 27 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/330867
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_330867.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_330867.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Preprint 4, 2022, 27 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/330867" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Kerr, D E; Plouffe, A; Campbell, J E; McMartin, I. Geological Survey of Canada, Preprint 1, 2022, 44 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/330334
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_330334.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_330334.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Preprint 1, 2022, 44 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/330334" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Rayner, N M. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8868, 2022, 7 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/329641
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_329641.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_329641.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8868, 2022, 7 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/329641" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Re-release; Fallas, K M; MacNaughton, R B. Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 91-127, https://doi.org/10.4095/326093
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326093.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326093.jpg" title="Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 91-127, https://doi.org/10.4095/326093" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Re-release; Lavoie, D; Pinet, N; Zhang, S; Reyes, J; Jiang, C; Ardakani, O H; Savard, M M; Dhillon, R S; Chen, Z; Dietrich, J R; Hu, K; Craven, J A; Roberts, B; Duchesne, M J; Brake, V I; Huot-Vézina, G; Galloway, J M; McCracken, A D; Asselin, E; Decker, V; Beauchemin, M; Nicolas, M P B; Armstrong, D K; Hahn, K E. Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 37-76, https://doi.org/10.4095/326090
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326090.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326090.jpg" title="Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 37-76, https://doi.org/10.4095/326090" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Re-release; Hadlari, T. Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 215-235, https://doi.org/10.4095/326088
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326088.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326088.jpg" title="Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 215-235, https://doi.org/10.4095/326088" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Re-release; Dewing, K; Hadlari, T. Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 23-35, https://doi.org/10.4095/326085
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326085.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326085.jpg" title="Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 23-35, https://doi.org/10.4095/326085" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Pehrsson, S J (ed.); Wodicka, N (ed.); Rogers, N (ed.); Percival, J A (ed.). Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2023, 419 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/332492
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331492.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331492.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2023, 419 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/332492" height="150" border="1" /></a>

McMartin, I; Campbell, J E; Godbout, P M; Behnia, P; Tremblay, T; Normandeau, P X. Surficial geology of northern Canada: a summary of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program contributions; by McMartin, I (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 611, 2023 p. 145-165, https://doi.org/10.4095/331423
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331423.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331423.jpg" title="Surficial geology of northern Canada: a summary of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program contributions; by McMartin, I (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 611, 2023 p. 145-165, https://doi.org/10.4095/331423" height="150" border="1" /></a>

McClenaghan, M B; Spirito, W A; Day, S J A; McCurdy, M W; McNeil, R J; Adcock, S W. Surficial geology of northern Canada: a summary of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program contributions; by McMartin, I (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 611, 2023 p. 51-112, https://doi.org/10.4095/331421
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331421.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331421.jpg" title="Surficial geology of northern Canada: a summary of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program contributions; by McMartin, I (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 611, 2023 p. 51-112, https://doi.org/10.4095/331421" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Kerr, D E; Plouffe, A; Campbell, J E; McMartin, I. Surficial geology of northern Canada: a summary of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program contributions; by McMartin, I (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 611, 2023 p. 15-49, https://doi.org/10.4095/331420
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331420.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331420.jpg" title="Surficial geology of northern Canada: a summary of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program contributions; by McMartin, I (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 611, 2023 p. 15-49, https://doi.org/10.4095/331420" height="150" border="1" /></a>

McMartin, I (ed.). Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 611, 2023, 265 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/331418
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331418.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331418.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 611, 2023, 265 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/331418" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Böhm, C; Rayner, N. Canada's northern Shield: new perspectives from the Geoscience for Energy and Minerals Program; Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2024 p. 327-334, https://doi.org/10.4095/332503
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_332503.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_332503.jpg" title="Canada's northern Shield: new perspectives from the Geoscience for Energy and Minerals Program; Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2024 p. 327-334, https://doi.org/10.4095/332503" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Berman, R G; Taylor, B E; Davis, W J; Sanborn-Barrie, M; Whalen, J B. Canada's northern Shield: new perspectives from the Geoscience for Energy and Minerals Program; Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2024 p. 115-158, https://doi.org/10.4095/332497
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_332497.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_332497.jpg" title="Canada's northern Shield: new perspectives from the Geoscience for Energy and Minerals Program; Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2024 p. 115-158, https://doi.org/10.4095/332497" height="150" border="1" /></a>

Post&Parcel Live is a seminar series from the experts at Post&Parcel. On 27 April 2017 we launched our first seminar titled "Solving the Inner City Challenge". In this keynote Alex Perez-Fragero, Strategic Partnerships Director at what3words describes the importance of mapping in inner city environments.

In order to improve the speedup and recognition accuracy of the recognition process, this paper designs a data mining method based on label mapping for long-term and short-term browsing behaviour of network users. First, after removing the noise information in the behaviour sequence, calculate the similarity of behaviour characteristics. Then, multi-source behaviour data is mapped to the same dimension, and a behaviour label mapping layer and a behaviour data mining layer are established. Finally, the similarity of the tag matrix is calculated based on the similarity calculation results, and the mining results are output using SVM binary classification process. Experimental results show that the acceleration ratio of this method exceeds 0.9; area under curve receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) value increases rapidly in a short time, and the maximum value can reach 0.95, indicating that the mining precision of this method is high.

Aim/Purpose: This paper presents a study of Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP) evaluation methods that aims to identify their current status and impact on knowledge sharing. The purposes of the study are as follows: (i) to identify trends and research gaps in VCoP evaluation methods; and, (ii) to assist researchers to position new research activities in this domain. Background: VCoP have become a popular knowledge sharing mechanism for both individuals and organizations. Their evaluation process is complex; however, it is recognized as an essential means to provide evidences of community effectiveness. Moreover, VCoP have introduced additional features to face to face Communities of Practice (CoP) that need to be taken into account in evaluation processes, such as geographical dispersion. The fact that VCoP rely on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to execute their practices as well as storing artifacts virtually makes more consistent data analysis possible; thus, the evaluation process can apply automatic data gathering and analysis. Methodology: A systematic mapping study, based on five research questions, was carried out in order to analyze existing studies about VCoP evaluation methods and frameworks. The mapping included searching five research databases resulting in the selection of 1,417 papers over which a formal analysis process was applied. This process led to the preliminary selection of 39 primary studies for complete reading. After reading them, we select 28 relevant primary studies from which data was extracted and synthesized to answer the proposed research questions. Contribution: The authors of the primary studies analyzed along this systematic mapping propose a set of methods and strategies for evaluating VCoP, such as frameworks, processes and maturity models. Our main contribution is the identification of some research gaps present in the body of studies, in order to stimulate projects that can improve VCoP evaluation methods and support its important role in social learning. Findings: The systematic mapping led to the conclusion that most of the approaches for VCoP evaluation do not consider the combination of data structured and unstructured metrics. In addition, there is a lack of guidelines to support community operators’ actions based on evaluation metrics.

Aim/Purpose: Blockchain technology (BCT) has emerged as a potential catalyst for transforming government institutions and services, yet the adoption of blockchain in governments faces various challenges, for which previous studies have yet to provide practical solutions. Background: This study aims to identify and analyse barriers, potential solutions, and their relations in implementing BC for governments through a systematic literature review (SLR). The authors grouped the challenges based on the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework while exercising a thematic grouping for the solutions, followed by a comprehensive mapping to unveil the relationship between challenges and solutions. Methodology: This study employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 methodology, combined with the tollgate method, to improve the quality of selected articles. The authors further administer a three-level approach (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) to analyse the challenges and solutions from the articles. Contribution: The authors argue that this study enriches the existing literature on BC adoption, particularly in the government context, by providing a comprehensive framework to analyse and address the unique challenges and solutions, thus contributing to the development of new theories and models for future research in BC adoption in government settings and fostering deeper exploration in the field. Findings: The authors have unveiled 40 adoption challenges categorised using the TOE framework. The most prevalent technological challenges include security concerns and integration & interoperability, while cultural resistance, lack of support and involvement, and employees’ capability hinder adoption at the organisational level. Notably, the environmental dimension lacks legal and standard frameworks. The study further unveils 28 potential solutions, encompassing legal frameworks, security and privacy measures, collaboration and governance, technological readiness and infrastructure, and strategic planning and adoption. The authors of the study have further mapped the solutions to the identified challenges, revealing that the establishment of legal frameworks stands out as the most comprehensive solution. Recommendations for Practitioners: Our findings provide a big picture regarding BC adoption for governments around the globe. This study charts the problems commonly encountered by government agencies and presents proven solutions in their wake. The authors endeavour practitioners, particularly those in governments, to embrace our findings as the cornerstone of BC/BCT adoption. These insights can aid practitioners in identifying existing or potential obstacles in adopting BC, pinpointing success factors, and formulating strategies tailored to their organisations. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers could extend this study by making an in-depth analysis of challenges or solutions in specific types of countries, such as developed and developing countries, as the authors believe this approach would yield more insights. Researchers could also test, validate, and verify the mapping in this study to improve the quality of the study further and thus can be a great aid for governments to adopt BC/BCT fully. Impact on Society: This study provides a comprehensive exploration of BC adoption in the government context, offering detailed explanations and valuable insights that hold significant value for government policymakers and decision-makers, serving as a bedrock for successful implementation by addressing roadblocks and emphasising the importance of establishing a supportive culture and structure, engaging stakeholders, and addressing security and privacy concerns, ultimately enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of BC adoption in government institutions and services. Future Research: Future research should address the limitations identified in this study by expanding the scope of the literature search to include previously inaccessible sources and exploring alternative frameworks to capture dynamic changes and contextual factors in BC adoption. Additionally, rigorous scrutiny, review, and testing are essential to establish the practical and theoretical validity of the identified solutions, while in-depth analyses of country-specific and regional challenges will provide valuable insights into the unique considerations faced by different governments.

Aim/Purpose: The paper introduces new concepts including cognitive mapping, cognitive message processing, and message resonance. Background: This paper draws upon philosophy, psychology, physiology, communications, and introspection to develop the theory of cognitive mapping. Methodology: Theory development Contribution: The theory offers new ways to conceptualize the informing process. Findings: Cognitive mapping has a far-reaching explanatory power on message resonance. Recommendation for Researchers: The theory of cognitive mapping offers a new conceptualization for those exploring the informing process that is ripe for exploration and theory testing. Future Research: This paper forms a building block toward the development of a fuller model of the informing process.

TomTom Mapping Data to Power End-to-End Analytics Platform

TomTom Reaches Mapping Milestone: 1.5 Billion Updates in a Single Month

The EUBrazilOpenBio project  announces two new training tools as a part of its e-training Programme aiming at educating and enabling current and potential users of EUBrazilOpenBio to unlock new knowledge and shape effective policy on biodiversity challenges. The new tools cover the following use cases: Ecological Niche Modeling and Cross-mapping.

The EUBrazilOpenBio anytime, anywhere eTraining tools are designed for researchers in the spheres of Biodiversity, Life science, Climate Change, application Developers as well as regulatory authorities and policy decision-makers.

EUBrazilOpenBio is focused on tackling the complexity of biodiversity science such as the diversity of multidisciplinary datasets spanning from climatology to earth sciences by integrating advanced computing resources with data sources across Europe and Brazil.

For more informationand to try out the new tools click here.

The Mediterranean Institute for Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France), in its Research Group "Macroecology and Biogeography of Global Change (MacroBio)" has a 36-months PhD position open for applications. The position is funded by the European Commission through the FP7 Research Project OPERAs and affiliated to the French National Scientific Research Centre (CNRS).

The topic is the broad-scale spatial mapping and quantification of ecosystem service trade-offs following from management of agro-ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin. The context of the research includes the environment (climate, land use) as well as trends in societal demands for services. Based on scientific literature, spatial databases and the outputs from a process-based ecosystem model, the candidate will analyze, quantify and map ecosystem service trade-offs. Service valuation and indicator representation methods will be developed with the IMBE team. The approach is pan-Mediterranean: a significant part of the work will therefore consist of helping to reduce gaps in data and knowledge for the sum of countries around the Mediterranean basin. 

The research group works in close interaction with international programs such as Future Earth (through its project ecoSERVICES) and science-policy interfaces such as IPBES.

The successful candidate will have completed a Masters degree (or equivalent) in one of the environmental sciences, have experience in the handling of spatial data from databases, literature and models, have knowledge of existing concepts of ecosystem services, and be able to place results in the context of the Mediterranean basin (this includes the European, as well as North African and Eastern countries). The working language is English, appropriate skills in French or another of the Mediterranean languages will be an advantage.

The position will be filled when a suitable candidate has been identified. To apply for this position, please send a letter of application, demonstrating your ability to understand the task, and your CV as soon as possible, but before the 31st of January 2013, by e-mail to Ms. Gabriela Boéri (Gabriela.Boeri@imbe.fr). For any questions about the task, working conditions, or the OPERAs project, please contact Professor Wolfgang Cramer (Wolfgang.Cramer@imbe.fr).

Children's Geographies; 12/01/2021
(AN 153655046); ISSN: 14733285
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Children's Geographies; 04/01/2022
(AN 155952647); ISSN: 14733285
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Children's Geographies; 04/06/2022
(AN 156178709); ISSN: 14733285
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Children's Geographies; 06/01/2022
(AN 156867995); ISSN: 14733285
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Children's Geographies; 06/01/2023
(AN 164286261); ISSN: 14733285
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Children's Geographies; 08/01/2024
(AN 178911405); ISSN: 14733285
Academic Search Premier

Children's Geographies; 08/01/2024
(AN 178911403); ISSN: 14733285
Academic Search Premier

Methodological Innovations, Ahead of Print. Land use change impacts on Sámi reindeer husbandry are well-documented, but existing maps often fail to capture socio-ecological relationships between herders, reindeer and nature. Conventional Geographic Information Systems (GIS) simplify these relationships, lacking local context and excluding valuable knowledge due to their rigid structure. This paper introduces participatory topological mapping, […]

The post Participatory topological mapping: A novel approach for exploring and communicating situated knowledge of complex socio-ecological systems was curated by information for practice.

BGS completes first mapping expedition to Ascension Island  British Geological Survey

Direct measurements have been taken of nanoscale domain structure in ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate around a grain boundary. Characterizing the evolution of this structure under an electric field is critical for predicting dielectric and piezoelectric response.

The effect of an electric field on local domain structure near a 24° tilt grain boundary in a 200 nm-thick Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 bi-crystal ferroelectric film was probed using synchrotron nanodiffraction. The bi-crystal film was grown epitaxially on SrRuO3-coated (001) SrTiO3 24° tilt bi-crystal substrates. From the nanodiffraction data, real-space maps of the ferroelectric domain structure around the grain boundary prior to and during application of a 200 kV cm−1 electric field were reconstructed. In the vicinity of the tilt grain boundary, the distributions of densities of c-type tetragonal domains with the c axis aligned with the film normal were calculated on the basis of diffracted intensity ratios of c- and a-type domains and reference powder diffraction data. Diffracted intensity was averaged along the grain boundary, and it was shown that the density of c-type tetragonal domains dropped to ∼50% of that of the bulk of the film over a range ±150 nm from the grain boundary. This work complements previous results acquired by band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy, suggesting that reduced nonlinear piezoelectric response around grain boundaries may be related to the change in domain structure, as well as to the possibility of increased pinning of domain wall motion. The implications of the results and analysis in terms of understanding the role of grain boundaries in affecting the nonlinear piezoelectric and dielectric responses of ferroelectric materials are discussed.

Understanding the correlation between chemical and microstructural properties is critical for unraveling the fundamental relationship between materials chemistry and physical structures that can benefit materials science and engineering. Here, we demonstrate novel in situ correlative imaging of the X-ray Compton scattering computed tomography (XCS-CT) technique for studying this fundamental relationship. XCS-CT can image light elements that do not usually exhibit strong signals using other X-ray characterization techniques. This paper describes the XCS-CT setup and data analysis method for calculating the valence electron momentum density and lithium-ion concentration, and provides two examples of spatially and temporally resolved chemical properties inside batteries in 3D. XCS-CT was applied to study two types of rechargeable lithium batteries in standard coin cell casings: (1) a lithium-ion battery containing a cathode of bespoke microstructure and liquid electrolyte, and (2) a solid-state battery containing a solid-polymer electrolyte. The XCS-CT technique is beneficial to a wide variety of materials and systems to map chemical composition changes in 3D structures.