libraries

Florida schools pull more than 700 books from libraries for 2023-24 academic year

More than 700 books were removed from Florida school library shelves for the 2023-24 school year, according to the state Department of Education. But the department claims no books are banned.




libraries

Libraries, Pride & Prejudice, and More




libraries

"Embracing the Metaverse: A Survey of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Practices at the United States’ Top One Hundred University Libraries"

The purpose of this study is to learn more about virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) practices at the United States’ top one hundred university libraries, as well as how they are engaging with the metaverse. We conducted qualitative and descriptive analysis on the websites of the top one hundred university libraries in the … Continue reading ""Embracing the Metaverse: A Survey of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Practices at the United States’ Top One Hundred University Libraries""




libraries

Research Professional 2 (Data Curation) at University of Minnesota Libraries (Term)

The University of Minnesota Libraries, in partnership with the Association of Research Libraries, invites applications for a collaborative and partner-oriented Special Programs Manager, to work closely with the Data Curation Network (DCN) and the Realities of Academic Data Sharing (RADS) teams. Through generous funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (LG-254930-OLS-23), the Special … Continue reading "Research Professional 2 (Data Curation) at University of Minnesota Libraries (Term)"



  • Digital Library Jobs

libraries

Educational Continuity in Emergencies: The Role of Offline Digital Libraries in Under-Connected Communities

Aim/Purpose: This article explores the critical need for adaptable educational models in times of crisis, focusing on strategies to overcome infrastructural and digital inequalities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Background: By examining a case study of an offline digital library project implemented in South Sudan, this paper seeks to examine the impact of an offline digital educational solution for low-resource and crisis situations. Methodology: The authors utilize a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative interviews and quantitative data analysis, to evaluate the use and impact of the SolarSPELL Initiative’s offline digital libraries in South Sudan. Contribution: This study contributes to our understanding of digital and information literacy within crisis contexts, highlighting the vital role of localized, offline content. Findings: The findings demonstrate that offline digital solutions can effectively mitigate educational disruptions by providing an accessible means to continue education during emergencies. Recommendations for Practitioners: Recommendations for practitioners include the adoption of robust offline digital learning solutions to promote educational continuity. Recommendation for Researchers: The authors recommend that researchers continue investigating the potential of offline digital educational solutions for low-resource and crisis situations. Impact on Society: Ultimately, this article finds that offline digital libraries, when paired with skill-building, are a viable means to lessen digital disparities and promote educational continuity in times of crisis and beyond. Future Research: The study suggests further exploration into the long-term impacts of such interventions on learning outcomes.




libraries

REDDNET and Digital Preservation in the Open Cloud: Research at Texas Tech University Libraries on Long-Term Archival Storage

In the realm of digital data, vendor-supplied cloud systems will still leave the user with responsibility for curation of digital data. Some of the very tasks users thought they were delegating to the cloud vendor may be a requirement for users after all. For example, cloud vendors most often require that users maintain archival copies. Beyond the better known vendor cloud model, we examine curation in two other models: inhouse clouds, and what we call "open" clouds—which are neither inhouse nor vendor. In open clouds, users come aboard as participants or partners—for example, by invitation. In open cloud systems users can develop their own software and data management, control access, and purchase their own hardware while running securely in the cloud environment. To do so will still require working within the rules of the cloud system, but in some open cloud systems those restrictions and limitations can be walked around easily with surprisingly little loss of freedom. It is in this context that REDDnet (Research and Education Data Depot network) is presented as the place where the Texas Tech University (TTU)) Libraries have been conducting research on long-term digital archival storage. The REDDnet network by year's end will be at 1.2 petabytes (PB) with an additional 1.4 PB for a related project (Compact Muon Soleniod Heavy Ion [CMS-HI]); additionally there are over 200 TB of tape storage. These numbers exclude any disk space which TTU will be purchasing during the year. National Science Foundation (NSF) funding covering REDDnet and CMS-HI was in excess of $850,000 with $850,000 earmarked toward REDDnet. In the terminology we used above, REDDnet is an open cloud system that invited TTU Libraries to participate. This means that we run software which fits the REDDnet structure. We are beginning to complete the final design of our system, and starting to move into the first stages of construction. And we have made a decision to move forward and purchase one-half petabyte of disk storage in the initial phase. The concerns, deliberations and testing are presented here along with our initial approach.




libraries

Development and Validation of an Instrument for Assessing Users’ Views about the Usability of Digital Libraries




libraries

Principles of Sustainable Learning Object Libraries




libraries

Assessing Online Learning Objects: Student Evaluation of a Guide on the Side Interactive Learning Tutorial Designed by SRJC Libraries




libraries

The Utilisation of Smartphones Apps as a Service Tool at Kuwaiti Academic Libraries

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to investigate how Kuwaiti Academic Libraries (KALs) have responded to the rapidly evolving Smartphone-Apps (SP-Apps) environment, as well as exploring the level of electronic services provided in these libraries. Background: This study can illustrate whether the governmental, academic libraries in the State of Kuwait have already benefited from the mobile services provided by smart phones or not. Methodology: In this study, the researchers use both qualitative and quantitative methods. Therefore, questionnaires and interviews are used in order to collect in-depth data in this field. The questionnaire sample was 400 respondents. They divided in two KALs: Kuwait University Library (KUL) and Public Authority of Applied Education Training Library (PAAETL), while eight individual interviews were conducted one-to-one in this research. Contribution: This paper may be important for academic libraries to identify shortcomings in the smartphones’ content and services they provide and in highlighting efforts by libraries to address their users’ needs in this area. Findings: The findings show that most participants expressed the need to introduce an SP-App to their library. They also confirmed that there are many difficulties in creating an SP-App including lack of budget, lack of awareness of library management, lack of clarity about library management strategic objectives, and vision for an SP-App. Recommendations for Practitioners: Designing SP-Apps that have reliable content and user interface that is easy to use is a considerable challenge. For this reason, the study highly recommends introducing SP-Apps for KALs as soon as possible. Future Research: The recommendations proposed are relevant to Kuwait. Further research may be useful in this field in other developing countries, in order to test or develop the suggested strategy.




libraries

Analog Equivalent Rights (7/21): Analog Libraries Were Private Searches for Information

When our analog parents searched for information, that activity took place in libraries, and that was one of the most safeguarded privacies of all. When our digital children search for information, their innermost thoughts are instead harvested wholesale for marketing. How did this happen?

If you’re looking at one particular profession of the analog world that was absolutely obsessed with the privacy of its patrons, it was the librarians. Libraries were where people could search for their darkest secrets, were it literature, science, shopping, or something else. The secrecy of libraries were downright legendary.

As bomb recipes started appearing on the proto-Internet in the 1980s — on so-called BBSes — and some politicians tried to play on moral panics, many of common sense were quick to point out, that these “text files with bomb recipes” were no different than what you would find in the chemistry section of a mediocre-or-better library — and libraries were sacred. There was no moral panic to play on as soon as you pointed out that this was already available in every public library, for the public to access anonymously

So private were libraries, in fact, that librarians were in collective outrage when the FBI started asking libraries for records of who had borrowed what book – and that’s how the infamous warrant canaries were invented. Yup, by a librarian, protecting the patrons of the library. Librarians have always been the profession defending privacy rights the hardest – in the analog as well as the digital.

In the analog world of our parents, their Freedom of Information was sacramount: their innermost thirst for learning, knowledge, and understanding. In the digital world of our children, their corresponding innermost thoughts are instead harvested wholesale and sold off to market trinkets into their faces.

It’s not just what our digital children successfully studied that’s up for grabs. In the terms of our analog parents, it’s what they ever went to the library for. It’s what they ever considered going to the library for. In the world of our digital children, everything they searched for is recorded — and everything they thought of searching for but didn’t.

Think about that for a moment: something that was so sacred for our analog parents that entire classes of professions would go on strike to preserve it, is now casually used for wholesale marketing in the world of our digital children.

Combine this with the previous article about everything you do, say, and think being recorded for later use against you, and we’re going to need a major change in thinking on this very soon.

There is no reason our children should have less Freedom of Information just because they happen to live in a digital environment, as compared to the analog environment of our parents. There is no reason our digital children shouldn’t enjoy Analog Equivalent Privacy Rights.

Of course, it can be argued that the Internet search engines are private services who are free to offer whatever services they like on whatever terms they like. But there were private libraries in the analog world of our parents, too. We’ll be returning to this “it’s private so you don’t have a say” concept a little later in this series.

Privacy remains your own responsibility.




libraries

D8.1 Project branding (logo, flyer, PowerPoint and policy briefs templates), website, online libraries






libraries

Borrowing privileges at Lenoir-Rhyne U. Library for users of Hickory Public & Catawba County Libraries

A new agreement extends borrowing privileges at Lenoir-Rhyne University Library to registered users of Hickory Public and Catawba County Libraries.




libraries

TruScribe brings illustration to eMAM-managed media libraries

The combined solution creates "hand-drawn" user experience, facilitated by AI.




libraries

Schools and Libraries: Coming-of-Age Climate Novel "BAMBOO: A Post-Apocalyptic Odyssey" Hardback Now Available

Books Illuminated is proud to make available to school libraries and public institutions the hardbound version of their popular climate fiction, "BAMBOO: A Post-Apocalyptic Odyssey."




libraries

Massive Push Back on Bullying – Anti-Bullying Program Teams Up With Community Libraries

Unprecedented Move by Toley Ranz Foundation taking its anti-bullying program to Libraries' bully-free spaces, helping kids' to learn healthy social skills, led to explosive growth into 'A Community Thrives' campaign'




libraries

Best Of Pro Scheduler Libraries

For teams working remotely across the globe or together in an office, as well as for any group of collaborating users, a scheduler can be a valuable tool indeed. In this post, you’ll find some of the best commercial web scheduler libraries (JavaScript based) with amazing UX and high efficiency that are currently available.




libraries

Streamline Your Design Workflow with Adobe’s Creative Cloud Libraries and New AI-Powered Tools

Thanks to the AI-powered Adobe Creative Cloud Libraries, creatives can now simplify workflows and design processes in seconds!




libraries

Worldwide community of activists protest OverDrive and others forcing DRM upon libraries

BOSTON, Massachusetts, USA -- Tuesday, November 28, 2023 -- The Free Software Foundation (FSF) has announced its Defective by Design campaign's 17th annual International Day Against DRM (IDAD). It will protest uses of Digital Restrictions Management technology's hold over public libraries around the world, exemplified by corporations like OverDrive and Follett Destiny. IDAD will take place digitally and worldwide on December 8, 2023.





libraries

Textus Roffensis: Law, Language, and Libraries in Early Medieval England

Location: Electronic Resource- 




libraries

Identification of Microorganisms by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS1) and in Silico Peptide Mass Libraries

Peter Lasch
Dec 1, 2020; 19:2125-2138
Technological Innovation and Resources




libraries

Identification of Microorganisms by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS1) and in Silico Peptide Mass Libraries [Technological Innovation and Resources]

Over the past decade, modern methods of MS (MS) have emerged that allow reliable, fast and cost-effective identification of pathogenic microorganisms. Although MALDI-TOF MS has already revolutionized the way microorganisms are identified, recent years have witnessed also substantial progress in the development of liquid chromatography (LC)-MS based proteomics for microbiological applications. For example, LC-tandem MS (LC-MS2) has been proposed for microbial characterization by means of multiple discriminative peptides that enable identification at the species, or sometimes at the strain level. However, such investigations can be laborious and time-consuming, especially if the experimental LC-MS2 data are tested against sequence databases covering a broad panel of different microbiological taxa. In this proof of concept study, we present an alternative bottom-up proteomics method for microbial identification. The proposed approach involves efficient extraction of proteins from cultivated microbial cells, digestion by trypsin and LC–MS measurements. Peptide masses are then extracted from MS1 data and systematically tested against an in silico library of all possible peptide mass data compiled in-house. The library has been computed from the UniProt Knowledgebase covering Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases and comprises more than 12,000 strain-specific in silico profiles, each containing tens of thousands of peptide mass entries. Identification analysis involves computation of score values derived from correlation coefficients between experimental and strain-specific in silico peptide mass profiles and compilation of score ranking lists. The taxonomic positions of the microbial samples are then determined by using the best-matching database entries. The suggested method is computationally efficient – less than 2 mins per sample - and has been successfully tested by a test set of 39 LC-MS1 peak lists obtained from 19 different microbial pathogens. The proposed method is rapid, simple and automatable and we foresee wide application potential for future microbiological applications.




libraries

Public Libraries Add Multimedia Learning to Digital Mission

Public libraries are moving deeper into digital learning, often in partnership with schools and other institutions, to help prepare students for the skills they'll need for college and careers.




libraries

Estate gift to benefit students connected to University Libraries and military

Alumna Tanya Seyfert’s estate commitment will create scholarships for students who are affiliated with the military or who participate in work-study at the University Libraries, as well as funding urgent priorities set by Libraries leadership.




libraries

Penn State Law faculty present at national law libraries association meeting

Theresa Tarves, interim associate dean for library and information services and professor of legal research, and Rebecca Mattson, interim director of the Law Library and professor of legal research, were invited to speak at the American Association of Law Libraries Annual Meeting held in Chicago, Illinois, from July 21 through July 23.




libraries

Bayhealth Partners with Delaware Libraries to Support Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library

All babies born at Bayhealth to receive first Imagination Library book WILMINGTON, Del.— Governor John Carney and the Delaware Division of Libraries announced on Wednesday that Bayhealth has partnered with Dover and Milford Public Libraries to ensure all babies born at Bayhealth Hospitals, as well as any eligible patients of Bayhealth Pediatrics in Milford, are […]




libraries

First Lady Tracey Quillen Carney, Delaware Libraries Announce 2021 Summer Library Reading Program

Registration is open for summer reading program WILMINGTON, Del. –  Delaware’s First Lady Tracey Quillen Carney and State Librarian Dr. Annie Norman on Wednesday announced the launch of the 2021 statewide Summer Library Reading Program, Tails and Tales. Delaware libraries are noted for hosting the longest running statewide public library summer reading program in the nation. […]




libraries

Delaware Libraries Announces Northstar Digital Literacy Tool

Thursday August 26, 2021 Dover, DE – Delaware Libraries are pleased to announce the launch of Northstar Digital Literacy, an online training tool for basic computer skills. Northstar Digital Literacy provides digital literacy assessments and tutorials in basic computer skills and tips for how to use technology in daily life. Delaware Libraries and Literacy Delaware […]




libraries

Delaware Libraries Launch Statewide #GivingTuesday Campaign

Friday, November 26, 2021 DOVER – For the first time in the organization’s history, the Delaware Library Association (DLA) is partnering with libraries across the state to launch a #GivingTuesday campaign to raise funds to support programs and services available at Delaware public libraries. From November 26 through December 2, donors can log on to […]




libraries

YWCA Delaware & Delaware Libraries Launch Social Equity Championship

Wilmington, DE – Thursday, January 20, 2022 — YWCA Delaware, in partnership with Delaware Libraries, has launched the Social Equity Championship, an e-interactive statewide social justice contest designed to promote awareness of economic, political and social inequities and provide opportunities for learning and civic engagement. Read YMCA’s Full Press Release to learn more: Press Release […]




libraries

Governor Carney Announces $40 Million of American Rescue Plan (ARPA) Funding for Delaware Libraries

Funds for Nine Libraries Across the State WILMINGTON, Del. – Governor John Carney announced Thursday $40 million in American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funding to be distributed to libraries throughout all three counties. The investments are funded by the American Rescue Plan Act Capital Relief Fund, which was championed by Delaware’s Congressional Delegation – U.S. Senators […]




libraries

Tonieboxes Now Available for Children at Delaware Libraries

For Immediate Release | May 11, 2022 (Milford, DE) – Delaware Libraries invite local families to the Milford Public Library, 11 SE Front St, Milford, DE 19963, on Wednesday, May 11 at 11:00am to celebrate the arrival of a new interactive, literacy tool for children. The Toniebox, a reading device for preschoolers and elementary school […]




libraries

New Investment Coming to School Libraries Across Delaware

Funding will link library collections, broaden student access to books and materials DOVER – Students will gain greater access to quality books through school libraries across Delaware with a $1 million state investment announced Tuesday by House Majority Leader Valerie Longhurst and officials from the Delaware Library Consortium. The funds, allocated to the Delaware Division […]



  • Delaware Libraries
  • Department of Education
  • Department of State
  • Delaware Libraries Association

libraries

New Castle County Libraries Receives a National Endowment for the Arts Big Read Grant

New Castle County Libraries is one of 62 organizations nationwide selected to receive a 2023-2024 NEA Big Read grant. A grant of $20,000 will support a community reading program focusing on "The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir" by Thi Bui between September 2023 and March 2024. An initiative of the National Endowment for the Arts in partnership with Arts Midwest, the NEA Big Read broadens our understanding of our world, our communities, and ourselves through the power of a shared reading experience.




libraries

Delaware Forest Service Partners with Delaware Libraries to Promote Smokey Bear Reading Challenge

The challenge is geared towards children ages 4 through 10, but all ages are welcome to join. The Smokey Bear Reading Challenge aims to engage youth in reading about wildfire prevention, forests, and natural resource careers while they explore their local environment.




libraries

First Spouse Tracey Quillen Carney to Launch Reading Tour, Host Story Times at Delaware Libraries

WILMINGTON, Del. – Governor Carney and First Spouse Tracey Quillen Carney on Wednesday joined Dr. Annie Norman, State Librarian of Delaware, Casey Family Programs, literacy and early education advocates, and students to launch a Reading Tour. This Reading Tour will highlight the importance of literacy and encourage children and families to take advantage of the […]




libraries

μWaveRiders: Setting Up a Successful AWR Design Environment Design - Layout and Component Libraries

When starting a new design, it's important to take the time to consider design recommendations that prevent problems that can arise later in the design cycle. This two-part compilation of guidelines for starting a new design is the result of years of Cadence AWR Design Environment platform Support experience with designs. Pre-design decisions for user interface, simulation, layout, and library configuration lay the groundwork for a successful and efficient AWR design. This blog, part 2, covers the layout and component library considerations designers should note prior to starting a design.(read more)




libraries

Ascent: Training Insights: DE-HDL Libraries in Allegro X System Capture

Allegro X System Capture offers a complete ecosystem for library development. This post introduces the latest DE-HDL Library Development using System Capture course in which you learn how to create different library objects. As a librarian, you often work with numerous libraries. Your tasks include creating or modifying symbols for libraries. To use Allegro X System Capture to create a library, you can follow the steps in the following flowchart: Let’s go through each step in detail. Setting the CDS_SITE Variable Before you start library development for a new project, set the CDS_SITE system environment variable. This step is required to access libraries and other configuration files. Creating a Project in Allegro X System Capture The next step is to create a project in Allegro X System Capture. Adding a Library to the Project Symbol development consists of creating symbol graphics, electrical data, and properties used by different tools in the PCB design flow. To add a library to a project, first create a library in the Libraries pane of the Project e xplorer. Creating Library Symbols The library development process supports the creation of various types of symbols. Creating a Symbol with Multiple Views You can generate multiple views of the same symbol using the Duplicate command. For example, a discrete symbol, such as a resistor, can have multiple views, as shown in the following image: Creating a Split Symbol For advanced designs, you often need to create library symbols and break them into multiple sections to support the design process. When a symbol shows all the logical pins in the physical package, it is called a single-section or flat symbol. Many large ICs have several pins and the symbols need to fit on a single schematic page. One workaround is to use vector pin names on a symbol to reduce its size, although manufacturers prefer schematics that show each pin. You can divide these high-pin count devices into smaller pieces, where each piece is a separate version of the part. Such parts are referred to as split parts or multi-section symbols. For multi-section symbols, you can create two types of split parts—symmetrical and asymmetrical. Symmetrical Split Symbols A symmetrical split symbol has only one symbol graphic, which holds two or more identical logic symbols, each with its own unique physical pin numbers. You can create a symmetrical split symbol using the Duplicate Section icon in the canvas window. Each symbol section contains the same set of pins but different pin numbers, as shown in the following image: Asymmetrical Split Symbols An asymmetrical split symbol is a symbol whose physical package contains one or more unique schematic symbols. You can create an asymmetrical split symbol by clicking the New Section icon in the canvas window. Asymmetrical symbols have a unique set of logical pins, as shown in the following image: Creating Symbols Using the Spreadsheet Interface To simplify the development of large symbols, Allegro X System Capture has a Spreadsheet Interface . You can copy from a spreadsheet into the interface. This saves time and helps minimize errors introduced by manual entry. In conclusion, the DE-HDL library development using Allegro X System Capture course involves several critical steps and supports various symbol creation techniques. This course helps librarians create and modify symbols effortlessly and deepens their understanding of library development within Allegro X System Capture. To learn more about this topic, enroll in the DE-HDL Library Development using Allegro X System Capture course on the Cadence Support portal . Click the training byte link now or visit Cadence Support and search for training bytes under Video Library. If you find the post useful and want to delve deeper into training details, enroll in the following online training course for lab instructions and a downloadable design: DE-HDL Library Development using Allegro X System Capture (Online). You can become Cadence Certified once you complete the course. Cadence Training Services now offers free Digital Badges for all popular online training courses. These badges indicate proficiency in a certain technology or skill and give you a way to validate your expertise to managers and potential employers. You can add the digital badge to your email signature or any social media channels, such as Facebook or LinkedIn, to highlight your expertise. To find out more, see the blog post Take a Cadence Masterclass and Get a Badge . You might also be interested in the training Learning Map that guides you through recommended course flows as well as tool experience and knowledge-level training modules. To find information on how to get an account on the Cadence Learning and Support portal, see here . SUBSCRIBE to the Cadence training newsletter to be updated about upcoming training, webinars, and much more. If you have any questions about courses, schedules, online training, blended/virtual live training, or public, or onsite live training, reach out to us at Cadence Training .




libraries

Cloning of Affibody Libraries for Display Methods

Affibody molecules are small (6-kDa) affinity proteins folded in a three-helical bundle and generated by directed evolution for specific binding to various target molecules. The most advanced affibody molecules are currently tested in the clinic, and data from more than 300 subjects show excellent activity and safety profiles. The generation of affibody molecules against a particular target starts with the generation of an affibody library, which can then be used for panning using multiple methods and selection systems. This protocol describes the molecular cloning of DNA-encoded affibody libraries to a display vector of choice, for either phage, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus carnosus display. The DNA library can come from different sources, such as error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR), molecular shuffling of mutations from previous selections, or, more commonly, from DNA synthesis using various methods. Restriction enzyme-based subcloning is the most common strategy for affibody libraries of higher diversity (e.g., >107 variants) and is described here.




libraries

Libraries recognised for community contributions in annual award ceremony

Shetland Library and the National Library of Scotland have been praised for "providing optimist for the future."




libraries

Video game libraries lose legal appeal to emulate physical game collections online

Register of Copyrights sides with industry's "market harm" argument for rereleased games.




libraries

Links: Public Libraries, Lord of the Rings, & More

Welcome back, everyone! We’re having a string of warmer weather in New England and it’s really harshing my fall vibes. I also keep seeing photos or reels of people I know receiving “boo baskets.” Is anyone else familiar? It’s like an Easter basket, but for Halloween. And I kind of love it? I floated the idea by my partner and I was surprised that they wanted to exchange some. Their reasoning is that we’ve been … Continue reading Links: Public Libraries, Lord of the Rings, & More




libraries

little free libraries should have beer

Today on Toothpaste For Dinner: little free libraries should have beer


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libraries

Seventeenth-century libraries : problems and perspectives [Electronic book] / edited by Robyn Adams, Jacqueline Glomski.

Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2023]




libraries

Beautiful Scrolling Experiences – Without Libraries

Michelle Barker appears as one of a heavenly host, coming forth with scroll in hand to pronounce an end to janky scrolljacking! Unto us a new specification is born, in the city of TimBL, and its name shall be called Scroll Snap.


Sponsor: Order any Standard paperback(s) and get a surprise gift card in the box for YOU. While supplies last, from your pals at A Book Apart!


One area where the web has traditionally lagged behind native platforms is the perceived “slickness” of the app experience. In part, this perception comes from the way the UI responds to user interactions – including the act of scrolling through content.

Faced with the limitations of the web platform, developers frequently reach for JavaScript libraries and frameworks to alter the experience of scrolling a web page – sometimes called “scroll-jacking” – not always a good thing if implemented without due consideration of the user experience. More libraries can also lead to page bloat, and drag down a site’s performance. But with the relatively new CSS Scroll Snap specification, we have the ability to control the scrolling behaviour of a web page (to a degree) using web standards – without resorting to heavy libraries. Let’s take a look at how.

Scroll Snap

A user can control the scroll position of a web page in a number of ways, such as using a mouse, touch gesture or arrow keys. In contrast to a linear scrolling experience, where the rate of scroll reflects the rate of the controller, the Scroll Snap specification enables a web page to snap to specific points as the user scrolls. For this, we need a fixed-height element to act as the scroll container, and the direct children of that element will determine the snap points. To demonstrate this, here is some example HTML, which consists of a <div> containing four <section> elements:

<div class="scroll-container">
  <section>
    <h2>Section 1</h2>
  </section>
  <section>
    <h2>Section 2</h2>
  </section>
  <section>
    <h2>Section 3</h2>
  </section>
  <section>
    <h2>Section 4</h2>
  </section>
</div>

Scroll snapping requires the presence of two main CSS properties: scroll-snap-type and scroll-snap-align. scroll-snap-type applies to the scroll container element, and takes two keyword values. It tells the browser:

  • The direction to snap
  • Whether snapping is mandatory

scroll-snap-align is applied to the child elements – in this case our <section>s.

We also need to set a fixed height on the scroll container, and set the relevant overflow property to scroll.

.scroll-container {
  height: 100vh;
  overflow-y: scroll;
  scroll-snap-type: y mandatory;
}

section {
  height: 100vh;
  scroll-snap-align: center;
}

In the above example, I’m setting the direction in the scroll-snap-type property to y to specify vertical snapping. The second value specifies that snapping is mandatory. This means that when the user stops scrolling their scroll position will always snap to the nearest snap point. The alternative value is proximity, which determines that the user’s scroll position will be snapped only if they stop scrolling in the proximity of a snap point. (It’s down to the browser to determine what it considers to be the proximity threshold.)

If you have content of indeterminate length, which might feasibly be larger than the height of the scroll container (in this case 100vh), then using a value of mandatory can cause some content to be hidden above or below the visible area, so is not recommended. But if you know that your content will always fit within the viewport, then mandatory can produce a more consistent user experience.

See the Pen Simple scroll-snap example by Michelle Barker (@michellebarker) on CodePen.

In this example I’m setting both the scroll container and each of the sections to a height of 100vh, which affects the scroll experience of the entire web page. But scroll snapping can also be implemented on smaller components too. Setting scroll snapping on the x-axis (or inline axis) can produce something like a carousel effect.

In this demo, you can scroll horizontally scroll through the sections:

See the Pen Carousel-style scroll-snap example by Michelle Barker (@michellebarker) on CodePen.

The Intersection Observer API

By implementing the CSS above, our web page already has a more native-like feel to it. To improve upon this further we could add some scroll-based transitions and animations. We’ll need to employ a bit of Javascript for this, using the Intersection Observer API. This allows us to create an observer that watches for elements intersecting with the viewport, triggering a callback function when this occurs. It is more efficient than libraries that rely on continuously listening for scroll events.

We can create an observer that watches for each of our scroll sections coming in and out of view:

const sections = [...document.querySelectorAll('section')]

const options = {
  rootMargin: '0px',
  threshold: 0.25
}

const callback = (entries) => {
  entries.forEach((entry) => {
    if (entry.intersectionRatio >= 0.25) {
      target.classList.add("is-visible");
    } else {
      target.classList.remove("is-visible");
    }
  })
}

const observer = new IntersectionObserver(callback, options)

sections.forEach((section, index) => {
  observer.observe(section)
})

In this example, a callback function is triggered whenever one of our sections intersects the container by 25% (using the threshold option). The callback adds a class of is-visible to the section if it is at least 25% in view when the intersection occurs (which will take effect when the element is coming into view), and removes it otherwise (when the element is moving out of view). Then we can add some CSS to transition in the content for each of those sections:

section .content {
  opacity: 0:
}

section.is-visible .content {
  opacity: 1;
  transition: opacity 1000ms:
}

This demo shows it in action:

See the Pen Scrolling with Intersection Observer by Michelle Barker (@michellebarker) on CodePen.

You could, of course, implement some much more fancy transition and animation effects in CSS or JS!

As an aside, it’s worth pointing out that, in practice, we shouldn’t be setting opacity: 0 as the default without considering the experience if JavaScript fails to load. In this case, the user would see no content at all! There are different ways to handle this: We could add a .no-js class to the body (which we remove on load with JS), and set default styles on it, or we could set the initial style (before transition) with JS instead of CSS.

Position: sticky

There’s one more CSS property that I think has the potential to aid the scroll experience, and that’s the position property. Unlike position: fixed, which locks the position of an element relative to the nearest relative ancestor and doesn’t change, position: sticky is more like a temporary lock. An element with a position value of sticky will become fixed only until it reaches the threshold of its parent, at which point it resumes relative positioning.

By “sticking” some elements within scroll sections we can give the impression of them being tied to the action of scrolling between sections. It’s pretty cool that we can instruct an element to respond to it’s position within a container with CSS alone!

Browser support and fallbacks

The scroll-snap-type and scroll-snap-align properties are fairly well-supported. The former requires a prefix for Edge and IE, and older versions of Safari do not support axis values. In newer versions of Safari it works quite well. Intersection Observer similarly has a good level of support, with the exception of IE.

By wrapping our scroll-related code in a feature query we can provide a regular scrolling experience as a fallback for users of older browsers, where accessing the content is most important. Browsers that do not support scroll-snap-type with an axis value would simply scroll as normal.

@supports (scroll-snap-type: y mandatory) {
  .scroll-container {
    height: 100vh;
    overflow-y: scroll;
    scroll-snap-type: y mandatory;
  }

  section {
    height: 100vh;
    scroll-snap-align: center;
  }
}

The above code would exclude MS Edge and IE, as they don’t support axis values. If you wanted to support them you could do so using a vendor prefix, and using @supports (scroll-snap-type: mandatory) instead.

Putting it all together

This demo combines all three of the effects discussed in this article.

Summary

Spending time on scroll-based styling might seem silly or frivolous to some. But I believe it’s an important part of positioning the web as a viable alternative to native applications, keeping it open and accessible. While these new CSS features don’t offer all of the control we might expect with a fully featured JS library, they have a major advantage: simplicity and reliability. By utilising web standards where possible, we can have the best of both worlds: Slick and eye-catching sites that satisfy clients’ expectations, with the added benefit of better performance for users.


About the author

Michelle is a Lead Front End Developer at Bristol web agency Atomic Smash, author of front-end blog CSS { In Real Life }, and a Mozilla Tech Speaker. She has written articles for CSS Tricks, Smashing Magazine, and Web Designer Magazine, to name a few. She enjoys experimenting with new CSS features and helping others learn about them.

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