This 4-page online document presents the key findings from OECD Pensions at a Glance 2015 and why it is important for Germany. It also identifies two key pension policy measures which would help improve the performance of pension systems in Germany.
In 2012, 18% of students in Germany were low performers in mathematics (OECD average: 23%), 14% were low performers in reading (OECD average: 18%), 12% were low performers in science (OECD average: 18%), and 9% were low performers in all three of these subjects (OECD average: 12%).
Germany is in a solid economic position, but ageing and technological change require new investments in people to ensure a stronger and more inclusive society, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Germany.
This country note provides an environmental tax and carbon pricing profile for Germany. It shows environmentally related tax revenues, taxes on energy use and effective carbon rates.
The number of young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs) remains elevated in many countries since the crisis. This country note examines the characteristics of those at risk of being NEET in Germany along with policies to help meet the challenge. It also includes many new youth-specific indicators on family formation, self-sufficiency, income and poverty, health and social cohesion.
This country note presents student performance in science, reading and mathematics, and measures equity in education in Germany.
Working together: Labour Market Integration of Refugees in Germany and other OECD Countries
Citizens in many countries are expressing dissatisfaction with how they believe trade, technology and immigration are affecting their daily lives. While much of this discontent can be traced back to the global economic crisis, its root causes are more complex. What can be done at the Global, European and German level?
Selected findings for Germany from the report "The Pursuit of Gender Equality: An Uphill Battle"
This note presents selected country highlights from the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017 with a specific focus on digital trends among all themes covered.
This note presents marginal effective tax rates (METRs) that summarise the tax system’s impact on the incentives to make an additional investment in a particular type of savings. By comparing METRs on different types of household savings, we can gain insights into which assets or savings types receive the most favourable treatment from the tax system.
The German economy is undergoing a robust expansion, with record-low unemployment and real wage gains underpinning domestic demand while strong exports are driving business investment. The strong fiscal position will offer opportunities for funding structural reforms and public investment to meet future challenges, according to a new report from the OECD.
Germany continues to demonstrate a high level of anti-bribery enforcement having prosecuted and sanctioned 328 individuals and 18 companies in foreign bribery cases since 1999.
This country note for Germany provides detail on the proportion of CO2 emissions from energy use subject to different effective carbon rates (ECR), as well as on the level and components of average ECRs in each of the six economic sectors (road transport, off-road transport, industry, agriculture and fishing, residential & commercial, and electricity).
Resistance proportions for eight antibiotic-bacterium pairs in Germany have decreased in recent years, from 12% in 2005 to 10% in 2015, and could go up to 13% by 2030, should current trends in antibiotic consumption, population and economic growth continue into the future. Resistance proportions in Germany were lower than the OECD average in 2015 (17%).
The digital revolution, globalisation and demographic changes are transforming labour markets at a time when policy makers are also struggling with slow productivity and wage growth and high levels of income inequality. The new OECD Jobs Strategy provides a comprehensive framework and policy recommendations to help countries address these challenges.
The German standard VAT rate is 19.0%, which is close to the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the OECD was 19.3% as of 1 January 2019. The previous standard VAT rate in Germany was 16% in 2006. It changed to the current level in 2007. Germany applies a reduced rate of 7% to a number of goods and services.
This country highlight puts the spotlight on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people: their numbers, their economic situation and well-being and policies to improve LGBT inclusivity. It also includes a special chapter on people’s perceptions of social and economic risks and presents a selection of social indicators.
This country fact-sheet presents key figures from "Under Pressure: The Squeezed Middle Class". This report analyses the trends of middle-income households in areas such as employment, consumption, wealth and debt, as well as perceptions and social attitudes. It also includes recommendations for protecting middle-class living standards and financial security in the face of economic challenges.
In Germany, more jobs are at a high risk of automation or a significant risk of change than in the OECD on average. The higher risk of automatability is in part the result of the large manufacturing sector in Germany. Low-skilled jobs with routine tasks are generally at a higher risk of automation than high-skilled jobs with cognitive tasks.
The Skills Outlook Scoreboard assesses the extent to which Germany is able to make the most of digitalisation. Germany’s performance is measured along 3 main dimensions: Skills for digitalisation, Digital exposure and Skillsrelated policy effort.
This document describes the key findings for Germany from the OECD Skills Strategy 2019.
Just under one in four adults in Germany are obese. As a result, Germans live on average 2.6 years less due to overweight. Overweight accounts for 10.7% of health expenditure one of the largest rates of all countries analysed. Labour market outputs are lower due to overweight by the equivalent of 1 m full time workers per year. Combined, this means that overweight reduces Germany’s GDP by 3.0%.
This country note explains how Germany taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.
Across the OECD, Germany is among the top five spenders on health care, both as a proportion of GDP (11.2%) and per person (USD 5,986). Health spending is projected to further increase to reach 12.3% of GDP by 2030. With such high level of spending, Germany guarantees good access to health care services.
The tax-to-GDP ratio in Germany increased by 0.6 percentage points from 37.6% in 2017 to 38.2% in 2018. The corresponding figure for the OECD average was a slight increase of 0.1 percentage point from 34.2% to 34.3% over the same period.
This note presents selected findings based on the set of well-being indicators published in How's Life? 2020.
The tax wedge for the average single worker in Germany decreased by 0.1 percentage points from 49.5 in 2018 to 49.4 in 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Germany had the 2nd highest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, occupying the same position in 2018.
The transition from education to work is not easy for many young people, particularly when it comes to finding sustainable employment with progression opportunities. Recently established national policies to support youth will be only effective if implemented in a coordinated way at local level.
The German labour market recovered very quickly from the 2008-09 economic crisis and unemployment continued its long-run structural decline in 2010 and 2011.
The Regional Growth Core Schönefelder Kreuz and the Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau in partnership with the OECD Local Economic and Employment Development Programme (LEED) are working on defining and collecting measurable indicators at the regional/ local level that can inform over time of transition to low-carbon economic and industrial activities.
The London Apprenticeship Campaign was launched in 2010 to boost the number of apprentices in London. It was developed as part of an ongoing policy focus to tackle long-standing skill shortfalls in the city, shortages which have been constraining employment, social opportunity and productivity.
Germany is one of the OECD countries with the lowest barriers to immigration for high-skilled workers. However, long-term labour migration is low in comparison with other countries.
Lending volumes and credit conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have gradually improved, according to a new report from the OECD, but demand-side obstacles such as a lack of financial knowledge are contributing to holding back a stronger recovery.
Weak labour productivity growth continues to mark the world’s advanced economies and risks compromising improvements in living standards, says a new OECD report.
Germany continues to demonstrate a high level of anti-bribery enforcement having prosecuted and sanctioned 328 individuals and 18 companies in foreign bribery cases since 1999.
The 2011 edition of Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators enables countries to see themselves in the light of other countries’ performance.
Germany’s early childhood education system is fairly well-developed: 96% of four-year-olds are enrolled in early childhood education programmes, and 89% of three-year-olds are. These levels are well above the respective OECD averages of 79% and 66%.
The transition from school to work in Germany is remarkably smooth. An excellent vocational education and training (VET) system ensures that young people are well-prepared when they enter the labour market and can find jobs that match their qualifications.