Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major global pathogen, causing lower respiratory tract disease in at-risk populations including young children. Antibodies form a crucial layer of protection from RSV disease, particularly in immunologically naïve infants. Such antibodies are derived from the mother via transplacental transfer and breast milk, but may be particularly low in high-risk infants such as those born preterm. Maternally derived antibodies can now be supplemented by the administration of anti-RSV monoclonal antibodies, while a rising wave of maternal and paediatric vaccine strategies are approaching. The implementation of these prophylactics may profoundly decrease the healthcare burden of RSV. In this article, we review the role of antibody-mediated immunity in protecting children from RSV. We focus on maternally derived antibodies as the main source of protection against RSV and study factors that influence the scale of this transfer. The role of passive and active prophylactic approaches in protecting infants against RSV are discussed and knowledge gaps in our understanding of antibody-mediated protection against RSV are identified.

Solid tumors that arise in the body interact with neurons, which influences cancer progression and treatment response. Here, we discuss key questions in the field, including defining the nature of interactions between tumors and neural circuits and defining how neural signals shape the tumor microenvironment. This information will allow us to optimally target neural signaling to improve outcomes for cancer patients.

Thermoregulation, responsible for maintaining a stable core temperature during wide fluctuations in external and internal thermal environments, is an iconic homeostatic process. However, we suggest that despite its fundamental physiological significance, the potential for required cool housing temperatures and thermoregulatory mechanisms to influence the interpretation of experimental data is not sufficiently appreciated. Moreover, although it is generally assumed that the major thermoregulatory pathways are well understood, here we discuss new research that suggests otherwise and reveals the emergence of a new wave of exciting ideas for this "old" field of research.

Recent work has highlighted the central role the brain–body axis plays in not only maintaining organismal homeostasis but also coordinating the body's response to immune and inflammatory insults. Here, we discuss how science is poised to address the many ways that our brain is directly involved with disease. In particular, we feel that combining cutting-edge tools in neuroscience with translationally relevant models of cancer will be critical to understanding how the brain and tumors communicate and modulate each other's behavior.

The dorsal vagal complex contains three structures: the area postrema, the nucleus tractus solitarii, and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. These structures are tightly linked, both anatomically and functionally, and have important yet distinct roles in not only conveying peripheral bodily signals to the rest of the brain but in the generation of behavioral and physiological responses. Reports on the new discoveries in these structures were highlights of the symposium. In this outlook, we focus on the roles of the area postrema in mediating brain–body interactions and its potential utility as a therapeutic target, especially in cancer cachexia.

Our approaches toward understanding cancer have evolved beyond cell-intrinsic and local microenvironmental changes within the tumor to encompass how the cancer interfaces with the entire host organism. The nervous system is uniquely situated at the interface between the brain and body, constantly receiving and sending signals back and forth to maintain homeostasis and respond to salient stimuli. It is becoming clear that various cancers disrupt this dialog between the brain and body via both neuronal and humoral routes, leading to aberrant brain activity and accelerated disease. In this outlook, I discuss this view of cancer as a homeostatic challenge, emphasize cutting-edge work, and provide outstanding questions that need to be answered to move the field forward.

Affibody molecules are small (6-kDa) affinity proteins generated by directed evolution for specific binding to various target molecules. The first step in this workflow involves the generation of an affibody library, which can then be used for biopanning using multiple display methods. This protocol describes selection from affibody libraries using display on Staphylococcus carnosus. Display of affibodies on staphylococci is very efficient and straightforward because of the single cell membrane and the use of a construct with a constitutive promoter. The workflow involves display of affibody libraries on the surface of S. carnosus cells, followed by screening and selection of binders using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The transformation of DNA libraries into S. carnosus is less efficient and more complicated than for Escherichia coli. Because of this, staphylococcal display is suitable for affinity maturation or other protein-engineering efforts that are not dependent on very high diversity, and thus magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) is often not required before FACS. However, MACS is an option, and MACS procedures used for E. coli can easily be adapted for use in S. carnosus if needed.

Affibody molecules are small (6-kDa) affinity proteins generated by directed evolution for specific binding to various target molecules. The first step in this workflow involves the generation of an affibody library, which can then be used for selection via multiple display methods. This protocol describes selection from affibody libraries by Escherichia coli cell surface display. With this method, high-diversity libraries of 10¹¹ can be displayed on the cell surface. The method involves two steps for selection of binders from high-diversity libraries: magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). MACS is used first to enrich the library in target-binding clones and to decrease diversity to a size that can be effectively screened and sorted in the flow cytometer in a reasonable time (typically <10⁷ cells). The protocol is based on methodology using an AIDA-I autotransporter for display on the outer membrane, but the general procedures can also be adjusted and used for other types of autotransporters or alternative E. coli display methods.

Affibody molecules are small (6-kDa) affinity proteins generated by directed evolution for specific binding to various target molecules. The first step in this workflow involves the generation of an affibody library. This is then followed by amplification of the library, which can then be used for biopanning using multiple methods. This protocol describes amplification of affibody libraries, followed by biopanning using phage display and analysis of the selection output. The general procedure is mainly for selection of first-generation affibody molecules from large naive (unbiased) libraries, typically yielding affibody hits with affinities in the low nanomolar range. For selection from affinity maturation libraries with the aim of isolating variants of even higher affinities, the procedure is similar, but parameters such as target concentration and washing are adjusted to achieve the proper stringency.

Affibody molecules are small (6-kDa) affinity proteins folded in a three-helical bundle and generated by directed evolution for specific binding to various target molecules. The most advanced affibody molecules are currently tested in the clinic, and data from more than 300 subjects show excellent activity and safety profiles. The generation of affibody molecules against a particular target starts with the generation of an affibody library, which can then be used for panning using multiple methods and selection systems. This protocol describes the molecular cloning of DNA-encoded affibody libraries to a display vector of choice, for either phage, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus carnosus display. The DNA library can come from different sources, such as error-prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR), molecular shuffling of mutations from previous selections, or, more commonly, from DNA synthesis using various methods. Restriction enzyme-based subcloning is the most common strategy for affibody libraries of higher diversity (e.g., >10⁷ variants) and is described here.

Affibody molecules are small, robust, and versatile affinity proteins currently being explored for therapeutic, diagnostic, and biotechnological applications. Surface-exposed residues on the affibody scaffold are randomized to create large affibody libraries from which novel binding specificities to virtually any protein target can be generated using combinatorial protein engineering. Affibody molecules have the potential to complement—or even surpass—current antibody-based technologies, exhibiting multiple desirable properties, such as high stability, affinity, and specificity, efficient tissue penetration, and straightforward modular extension of functional domains. It has been shown in both preclinical and clinical studies that affibody molecules are safe, efficacious, and valuable alternatives to antibodies for specific targeting in the context of in vivo diagnostics and therapy. Here, we provide a general background of affibody molecules, give examples of reported applications, and briefly summarize the methodology for affibody generation.

Kelley gets bored and cleans her bathroom. Memories of the Virtual Boy make Josh's eyes hurt. Robert can't stop singing about Albuquerque. Chris, meanwhile, decides to make his own farming sim with coffee shops and old people.

The post RPG Cast – Episode 719: “Good morning, everybody. Hairball!” appeared first on RPGamer.

Chris got extra hands and became too weird even for SMT. Kelley got to the boat song and noped out. Phil destroyed half the furniture in his living room. Now go give your cat some nose drops.

The post RPG Cast – Episode 743: “There’s a Body in My Inventory” appeared first on RPGamer.

I was excited for Slitterhead, an action adventure game by Bokeh Studio, a studio founded by none other than your boy Keiichiro Toyama: the creator of Silent Hill, Gravity Rush, and the Siren series. And within that first hour, Slitterhead's body-possessing and Hong Kong-inspired streets had me thinking, "Is this it, the sleeper hit of 2024?!"

No, sadly not. It's no doubt built a compelling universe filled with brain-sucking aliens that masquerade as humans, and it attempts plenty else besides: bouncing between bodies as you stealth around dingy apartment blocks, fighting with blood katanas, and gorging on pools of red plasma to refuel skills, many of which require more body-flitting. Thing is, they are ultimately just attempts, attempts that fall victim to an emptiness and jitteriness that quickly reveals Slitterhead's true, irritating form.

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Certain strains of E. coli are capable of causing severe disease, by rapidly spreading through the human digestive system, wreaking havoc throughout the bloodstream, and eventually damaging the delicate kidneys. That's the situation right now during a large outbreak in Alberta, with hundreds of children now affected.

Greater Manchester Police launched a public appeal to help find Jane Burton on Tuesday morning but have paused the search after a body was found

Modern life disrupts the circadian rhythms controlling our biology – increasing our risk of developing conditions ranging from diabetes to dementia. Lynne Peeples's new book The Inner Clock explores and offers solutions

The latest research on caffeine reveals why coffee and decaf can be so good for your health, but energy drinks can be lethal

A massive undertaking to map cancer tumours is providing new insights into how the disease forms, evolves and develops resistance to treatments

President-elect Donald Trump nominated Fox News host Pete Hegseth to serve as his Secretary of Defense, hailing him as a champion of his "peace through strength" policy.

The post Trump Nominates Fox News Host Pete Hegseth for Secretary of Defense: ‘Nobody Fights Harder for the Troops’ appeared first on Breitbart.

As humans leave space junk behind, there may come a time when human bodies would need to decompose in space. Learn how this happens and why it's a slow process.

We're about to dive into the world of parasitology, taking a close look at one of the most common parasitic worms infecting humans: Ascaris lumbricoides. This large roundworm is responsible for a type of intestinal nematode infection that affects millions of people worldwide, especially in areas with poor sanitation.

Nvision Biomedical Technologies and Invibio Biomaterial Solutions have announced that the FDA has granted clearance of the first 3D-Printed PEEK Interbody System made from PEEK-OPTIMA.

As winter arrives and daylight hours decrease, it gets easier to hit the snooze button and stay in bed. It turns out that there’s a scientific reason behind this phenomenon that helps to explain why people struggle to adjust their internal clocks—also known as circadian rhythm or sleep-wake cycle—when the weather turns colder.

Apr 2, 2024

Stephen Walt argues that because no one knows what Putin might do, NATO's European members should increase their defense capabilities and correct any obvious vulnerabilities. At the same time, however, the United States and its NATO allies should acknowledge Russia's legitimate security concerns and consider what they can do to allay them.

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The Cure “Drone:Nodrone” Robert Smith has been dwelling on his mortality since the start of his career, and as a young man seemed to operate on the assumption that he had to get as much done as he could before he ran out of time. This is why hearing him ponder his “one last shot […]

A massive undertaking to map cancer tumours is providing new insights into how the disease forms, evolves and develops resistance to treatments

Highlights: Learning and memory are not functions of just brain, other cells also have memory Memory can be reta

Highlights: Abhimanyu Singh is a well-known Indian actor Despite his hectic schedule, he offers advice on how yo

Research suggests that while a high-fat diet raises the risk of diabetes and obesity, it might not be the sole factor causing changes in the brain.

Highlights: Lack of exercise leads to weight gain and obesity-related health risks A sedentary lifestyle weaken

Recurrent pregnancy loss occurs in women who have lost two or more pregnancies for unknown reasons. Dr. Kenji Tanimura and his team at Kobe University

Being addicted to TikTok videos makes women feel less satisfied with their bodies, thereby increasing the risk of medlinkeating disorders/medlink.

The 3-D structure and mode of action of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1), the enzyme that synthesizes triglycerides was required for human dietary

Learn how non-neural cells can retain memories, opening new avenues for cognitive health and treatments and memory is not just a brain function.

Highlights: Diwali (the festival of light) is the best time for bursting crackers and gulping yummy sweets and s

In infected people, HIV has an "early and substantial" effect on aging, revving biological changes in the body linked to normal aging within two to three years of infection.

medlinkHIV/medlink patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had broader and more potent HIV antibodies compared to those without suspected or documented

Mayo Clinic researchers are using AI and a cutting-edge 3D body scanner, originally designed for fashion, to predict medlinkmetabolic syndrome/medlink risk more accurately.

Yoga has gained widespread popularity. International Yoga Day has been observed worldwide on June 21st, acknowledging yoga as an ancient discipline that

The International Day of Yoga (!--ref1--) is being celebrated in numerous countries worldwide, including Japan, New Zealand, Thailand, and Malaysia,

An eight-year-old Nigerian girl who was born with her liver and most of the intestines protrude outside of her abdomen in a sac-like structure was treated successfully by Gurugram doctors.

Actress Amyra Dastur has sported animal print bodysuit in her new photoshoot.

The body of Bihar's iconic folk singer, Sharda Sinha, has been brought to her residence in Rajendra Nagar, Patna, where her family, friends, and admirers were gathering to pay their last respects.

The poll battle in Mumbai's 36 Assembly constituencies has become more intense with the entry of eight major parties including the BJP, Shiv Sena (UBT), Congress, Shiv Sena, NCP, NCP(SP), Samajwadi Party and Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.

Have you ever noticed how your mood can change with the weather? A gloomy, rainy day might leave you feeling down, while a warm, sunny afternoon can lift your spirits. But what if there's more to this connection than just a