This paper examines the impact of tax and benefit systems on the incentives for second earners to enter formal employment. The paper highlights how various tax design features create greater participation disincentives for second earners than for primary earners or single individuals.

This report “A Beneficial Ownership Implementation Toolkit” – contains policy considerations that Global Forum member jurisdictions can use in implementing the legal and supervisory frameworks to identify and collect beneficial ownership information, which is now a requirement of the international tax transparency standards.

On the occasion of the 10th Plenary Meeting of the Global Forum a further five countries signed the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, therewith bringing the total number of participating in the Convention to 135.

Let’s start with a quiz. Which country is the second biggest direct investor in China? Who are the largest investors in India and Russia? You probably won’t believe it, but the answers are

This paper reviews alleged societal benefits and costs of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) as suggested by academia, governments, business and civil society. It sets out the wide range of issues that diverse actors have proposed in the context of assessing the societal benefits and costs of IIAs.

Each G20 presidency faces its own challenges. A presidency must respond to global economic conditions, it must build on previous work, and it must seize opportunities to progress with reforms where members can reach consensus.

This country note provides information on latest trends in income inequalities as well as key findings from the 2015 OECD report "In it Together: Why less inequality benefits all".

The Japanese economy is on a path to stronger growth, but fundamental structural reforms are urgently needed to promote a more robust recovery, address high levels of government debt and reverse a trend toward declining living standards, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Japan.

This country note provides information on latest trends in income inequalities as well as key findings from the 2015 OECD report "In it Together: Why less inequality benefits all".

Japan’s agriculture sector has traditionally been characterised by small-scale rice production, but has recently begun to respond to new market opportunities for higher value food products across a rapidly growing East Asia. Today, rice represents less than 20% of the value of agriculture production, and larger, more productive, and more profitable farm businesses now account for more than half of total agriculture output.

This paper discusses the results of the 2011-2012 OECD LEED study of measuring green growth in the Benelux countries (Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg). The study paid particular attention to the challenges of measuring the transition to a low-carbon economy in cross-border areas as they have additional levels of complexity when it comes to measuring and monitoring their low-carbon transition.

The Netherlands has strongly benefited from globalisation, which boosted international trade, cross-border investment and economic growth over the latest decades.

Under the Universal Credit reform, the main means-tested benefits except the Council Tax Benefit will be pooled into one single benefit with one single taper rate. The reform will give people better incentives to work, reduce complexity and contribute to reducing poverty.

How far to go – and to remain – in the direction of highly expansionary monetary policy hinges on the balance of marginal benefits and costs of additional monetary easing and its expected evolution over time. This paper sketches a framework for assessing this balance and applies it to four OECD economic areas: the euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The Japanese economy is on a path to stronger growth, but fundamental structural reforms are urgently needed to promote a more robust recovery, address high levels of government debt and reverse a trend toward declining living standards, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Japan.

A strong commitment to reform and a business-friendly environment have helped Ireland return to robust economic expansion, offering the government an opportunity to heal the scars of the crisis, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Ireland.

Inequality measures in Lithuania (like in Estonia and Latvia) are high. To an important extent this is related to the high risk of poverty for non-working individuals and to the low rewards to work. Therefore, increasing the quality of jobs, ensuring that the most vulnerable have access to employment and providing adequate income support for those that have lost their job are key for making labour markets and the economy more inclusive.

In 2015 the Lithuanian government launched an ambitious Social Model reform agenda aimed at balancing flexibility of the labour market and security provided through the system of social protection.

In 2015 the Lithuanian government launched an ambitious Social Model reform agenda aimed at balancing flexibility of the labour market and security provided through the system of social protection.

Yesterday’s OECD Interim Economic Outlook warns that trade growth is slowing, contributing to another slowing of global GDP growth in 2016 and with few signs of improvement for 2017.

Despite major progress, Turkey still lags behind most comparable countries in terms of exported value added per capita. Its remarkable economic performance over the past 15 years has not been sufficiently backed by gains in export market shares, in particular when measured in value added terms.

Despite major progress, Turkey still lags behind most comparable countries in terms of exported value added per capita. Its remarkable economic performance over the past 15 years has not been sufficiently backed by gains in export market shares, in particular when measured in value added terms.

Governments must deploy policy packages that take advantage of the synergies between labour, product and financial market reforms to escape the low-growth trap and ensure that benefits are broadly shared by the vast majority of citizens, according to the OECD’s annual Going for Growth report.

Living standards in China have greatly improved over the past few decades. Both sustained economic growth and an expansion of the social security system have contributed to a sharp reduction in the number of people in poverty.

The French economy is expanding, the labour market is recovering – albeit gradually - while productivity and the standard of living remain generally high, according to a new OECD report.

Luxembourg’s large foreign-born population is a pillar of the country’s prosperity: they have brought skills and knowledge to many sectors of the economy.

The personal tax system has a large influence on incentives to work, save and invest and hence growth. At the same time it is a key policy lever for income redistribution.

In 2016 the Polish government introduced a large new child benefit, called “Family 500+”, with the aim to increase fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means-tested for the first child. It more than doubles fiscal support for families, making Poland one of the top spenders in the EU concerning cash transfers for families.

Tunisia is firmly committed to a process of democratisation that needs underpinning by economic reforms in order to guarantee an improved standard of living for all Tunisians.

La economía de Costa Rica es sólida y continúa convergiendo hacia los niveles de vida de los países miembros de la OCDE.

The combination of different working-age benefits, childcare costs and income taxation creates complexity, reduces work incentives and holds back employment.

Policy choices made today can have important positive effects on future living standards, according to new long-term economic scenarios released by the OECD.

The paper examines the possible design and macroeconomic stabilisation properties of a euro area unemployment benefits re-insurance scheme using annual historical data from 2000 to 2016.

This paper exploits a new database that is unique in its scale and scope containing detailed information on over two million projects carried out by one million firms that benefited from the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund in 25 EU member countries during the multi-annual financial framework 2007-2013.

Greater use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) can help Spain unlock governmental efficiencies and help prepare the country for future economic growth, according to a new study from the OECD.

This workshop served to discuss how benchmarking and measuring regulatory performance can help advance a regulatory policy at the sub-national level.

This paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the efficiency of welfare spending in a sample of OECD countries around 2012, focussing on health care, secondary education and general public services.

Chile has improved its regulatory policy in recent years, but could see benefits from further measures and a comprehensive effort to improve the way it prepares and issues new laws and regulations, according to a new OECD report.

Legislative and regulatory policy options for sustainable capital markets - A good corporate governance framework should combine transparency, accountability and integrity and this requires knowledge of beneficial ownership. This report assesses the costs, benefits and practicalities of different approaches, suggesting policy options to better identify ultimate beneficial ownership in Indonesia.

Initial Jobless Claims in Ireland increased to 58000 Persons in April from 53992 Persons in March of 2020. Initial Jobless Claims in Ireland averaged 65049.41 Persons from 1967 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 196988 Persons in July of 2009 and a record low of 20203 Persons in September of 1967. This page provides - Ireland Jobseekers Benefit Claims- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Loans To Private Sector in Benin increased to 1111255 XOF Million in September from 1099183 XOF Million in August of 2016. Loans To Private Sector in Benin averaged 739527.06 XOF Million from 2005 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 1116234 XOF Million in June of 2014 and a record low of 321652 XOF Million in September of 2005. This page provides the latest reported value for - Benin Loans To Private Sector - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Internet Speed in Benin decreased to 1516.62 KBps in the first quarter of 2017 from 1641.59 KBps in the fourth quarter of 2016. Internet Speed in Benin averaged 610.69 KBps from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 1641.59 KBps in the fourth quarter of 2016 and a record low of 164.95 KBps in the third quarter of 2009. This page includes a chart with historical data for BeninInternet Speed.

IP Addresses in Benin decreased to 5580 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 5652 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Benin averaged 4134.15 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 6405 IP in the fourth quarter of 2015 and a record low of 1243 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for BeninIP Addresses.

Temperature in Benin decreased to 25.99 celsius in December from 28.10 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Benin averaged 27.19 celsius from 1849 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 31.72 celsius in March of 2010 and a record low of 22.77 celsius in August of 1890. This page includes a chart with historical data for Benin Average Temperature.

Leading Economic Index Benin increased 0.80 percent in February of 2018 over the same month in the previous year. Leading Economic Index in Benin averaged 0.77 Percent from 2012 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3.10 Percent in November of 2013 and a record low of -3 Percent in December of 2012. In Benin, Business Survey Indicator (Indicateur Synthétique de la Conjoncture) shows a year over year change in the activity of different economic sectors including industrial production, construction, internal trade and services, anticipating future movements in GDP. This page provides - Benin ISC- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Benin decreased to 63300 XOF/Month in 2015 from 63600 XOF/Month in 2015. Living Wage Individual in Benin averaged 63450 XOF/Month from 2015 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 63600 XOF/Month in the first quarter of 2015 and a record low of 63300 XOF/Month in the second quarter of 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Wages High Skilled in Benin increased to 120000 XOF/Month in 2015 from 110000 XOF/Month in 2015. Wages High Skilled in Benin averaged 115000 XOF/Month from 2015 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 120000 XOF/Month in the second quarter of 2015 and a record low of 110000 XOF/Month in the first quarter of 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages Low Skilled in Benin remained unchanged at 48000 XOF/Month in 2015 from 48000 XOF/Month in 2015. Low Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing low-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Military Expenditure in Benin decreased to 84 USD Million in 2018 from 116 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Benin averaged 44.27 USD Million from 1970 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 116 USD Million in 2017 and a record low of 14 USD Million in 1978.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Benin was last recorded at 2151.50 US dollars in 2018, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in Benin, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 12 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita PPP in Benin averaged 1738.26 USD from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 2151.50 USD in 2018 and a record low of 1462.70 USD in 1990. The GDP per capita PPP is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by purchasing power parity, by the total population. This page provides - Benin GDP per capita PPP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.