Nancy Heckman

Source: Statist. Surv., Volume 6, 113--141.

Abstract:
The popular cubic smoothing spline estimate of a regression function arises as the minimizer of the penalized sum of squares $sum_{j}(Y_{j}-mu(t_{j}))^{2}+lambda int_{a}^{b}[mu''(t)]^{2},dt$, where the data are $t_{j},Y_{j}$, $j=1,ldots,n$. The minimization is taken over an infinite-dimensional function space, the space of all functions with square integrable second derivatives. But the calculations can be carried out in a finite-dimensional space. The reduction from minimizing over an infinite dimensional space to minimizing over a finite dimensional space occurs for more general objective functions: the data may be related to the function $mu$ in another way, the sum of squares may be replaced by a more suitable expression, or the penalty, $int_{a}^{b}[mu''(t)]^{2},dt$, might take a different form. This paper reviews the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space structure that provides a finite-dimensional solution for a general minimization problem. Particular attention is paid to the construction and study of the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space corresponding to a penalty based on a linear differential operator. In this case, one can often calculate the minimizer explicitly, using Green’s functions.

Qian Qin, James P. Hobert.

Source: The Annals of Statistics, Volume 47, Number 4, 2320--2347.

Abstract:
The use of MCMC algorithms in high dimensional Bayesian problems has become routine. This has spurred so-called convergence complexity analysis, the goal of which is to ascertain how the convergence rate of a Monte Carlo Markov chain scales with sample size, $n$, and/or number of covariates, $p$. This article provides a thorough convergence complexity analysis of Albert and Chib’s [ J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 88 (1993) 669–679] data augmentation algorithm for the Bayesian probit regression model. The main tools used in this analysis are drift and minorization conditions. The usual pitfalls associated with this type of analysis are avoided by utilizing centered drift functions, which are minimized in high posterior probability regions, and by using a new technique to suppress high-dimensionality in the construction of minorization conditions. The main result is that the geometric convergence rate of the underlying Markov chain is bounded below 1 both as $n ightarrowinfty$ (with $p$ fixed), and as $p ightarrowinfty$ (with $n$ fixed). Furthermore, the first computable bounds on the total variation distance to stationarity are byproducts of the asymptotic analysis.

Jennifer E. Starling, Jared S. Murray, Carlos M. Carvalho, Radek K. Bukowski, James G. Scott.

Source: The Annals of Applied Statistics, Volume 14, Number 1, 28--50.

Abstract:
This article introduces BART with Targeted Smoothing, or tsBART, a new Bayesian tree-based model for nonparametric regression. The goal of tsBART is to introduce smoothness over a single target covariate $t$ while not necessarily requiring smoothness over other covariates $x$. tsBART is based on the Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) model, an ensemble of regression trees. tsBART extends BART by parameterizing each tree’s terminal nodes with smooth functions of $t$ rather than independent scalars. Like BART, tsBART captures complex nonlinear relationships and interactions among the predictors. But unlike BART, tsBART guarantees that the response surface will be smooth in the target covariate. This improves interpretability and helps to regularize the estimate. After introducing and benchmarking the tsBART model, we apply it to our motivating example—pregnancy outcomes data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Our aim is to provide patient-specific estimates of stillbirth risk across gestational age $(t)$ and based on maternal and fetal risk factors $(x)$. Obstetricians expect stillbirth risk to vary smoothly over gestational age but not necessarily over other covariates, and tsBART has been designed precisely to reflect this structural knowledge. The results of our analysis show the clear superiority of the tsBART model for quantifying stillbirth risk, thereby providing patients and doctors with better information for managing the risk of fetal mortality. All methods described here are implemented in the R package tsbart .

Cristina Butucea, Amandine Dubois, Martin Kroll, Adrien Saumard.

Source: Bernoulli, Volume 26, Number 3, 1727--1764.

Abstract:
We address the problem of non-parametric density estimation under the additional constraint that only privatised data are allowed to be published and available for inference. For this purpose, we adopt a recent generalisation of classical minimax theory to the framework of local $alpha$-differential privacy and provide a lower bound on the rate of convergence over Besov spaces $mathcal{B}^{s}_{pq}$ under mean integrated $mathbb{L}^{r}$-risk. This lower bound is deteriorated compared to the standard setup without privacy, and reveals a twofold elbow effect. In order to fulfill the privacy requirement, we suggest adding suitably scaled Laplace noise to empirical wavelet coefficients. Upper bounds within (at most) a logarithmic factor are derived under the assumption that $alpha$ stays bounded as $n$ increases: A linear but non-adaptive wavelet estimator is shown to attain the lower bound whenever $pgeq r$ but provides a slower rate of convergence otherwise. An adaptive non-linear wavelet estimator with appropriately chosen smoothing parameters and thresholding is shown to attain the lower bound within a logarithmic factor for all cases.

Fuhlbohm (Family)

Fuhlbohm (Family)

1897.

The pint-sized, mustachioed Gaul immortalized in the French cartoon has spawned films, a theme park and many other spin-offs

The government of the Northwest Territories has made an exemption on border restrictions for a veterinarian from Alberta to practice in the territory, after he received public and political support.

"It is unfortunate that it has come to pass that we have to collectively and overtly publicly declare that we are unified," says Alberta Medical Association president Christine Molnar.

Disaster relief funding for punishing spring floods is welcome news to civic leaders in northern Alberta.

A longstanding battle between an Alberta entrepreneur and a $50-million lottery winner is still raging after a new legal judgment, a securities investigation, allegations of harassment and even duelling ebooks.

Major League Baseball could hold a rescheduled opening day between mid-June and July 4 and play at least 80 games this season, The Athletic's Ken Rosenthal reported Tuesday.

Major League Baseball owners will discuss a length for the amateur draft next week and are likely to start the selections on the original date of June 10, a person familiar with the deliberations told The Associated Press.

Tampa Bay Rays' Blake Snell claimed champion status after defeating Lucas Giolito of the Chicago White Sox in the inaugural MLB The Show player league on Sunday.

The NFL campaign and an abbreviated baseball season may be possible if games are played without fans and players are kept in lockdown, U.S. President Donald Trump’s leading infectious disease adviser said Wednesday.

With the effects of the pandemic playing out differently across the province, it's unlikely that all areas will reopen on the same timeline.

Nearly a quarter-million more Albertans lost work in April as the economic shutdown due to COVID-19 continued, with young workers — particularly young women — being disproportionately affected.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there are so many numbers flying around, it's hard to keep track. Here, we'll do our best to keep track for you, with new charts updated daily and the context surrounding the data.

An inmate at the Calgary Remand Centre has tested positive for COVID-19, marking the first time a case has been reported at an Alberta correctional facility.

Alberta recorded one more death to COVID-19 and 81 new cases, Chief Medical Officer of Health Dr. Deena Hinshaw said Friday.

Employees in Alberta continuing care homes and seniors’ residences are the most likely recipients of a federal wage top-up intended for essential workers.

An inmate at the Calgary Remand Centre has tested positive for COVID-19, marking the first time a case has been reported at an Alberta correctional facility.

Saskia perseveres through language learning and connects with a young Albanian girl who becomes a follower of Jesus.

Alberta's Brendan Bottcher defeated Saskatchewan's Matt Dunstone 9-4 in the 1-2 Page playoff game Saturday afternoon to earn a berth in the Tim Hortons Brier final.

The University of Alberta Pandas defeated the UNB Reds 10-2 in the U Sports women's curling final, while the Laurier Golden Hawks topped the Dalhousie Tigers 8-5 for the men's curling title in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba on Sunday.

The Xenopus oocyte is a unique model system, allowing both the study of complex biological processes within a cellular context through expression of exogenous mRNAs and proteins, and the study of the cell, molecular, and developmental biology of the oocyte itself. During oogenesis, Xenopus oocytes grow dramatically in size, with a mature oocyte having a diameter of ~1.3 mm, and become highly polarized, localizing many mRNAs and proteins. Thus, the mature oocyte is a repository of maternal mRNAs and proteins that will direct early embryogenesis prior to zygotic genome transcription. Importantly, the Xenopus oocyte also has the capacity to translate exogenous microinjected RNAs, which has enabled breakthroughs in a wide range of areas including cell biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, and physiology. This introduction outlines how Xenopus oocytes can be used to study a variety of important biological questions.

Hi, I’m Mike Dady, Application Engineer for Alignex. As many of you probably know, the Toolbox Add-In is a database that allows for the quick addition of fasteners and other hardware to a SOLIDWORKS Assembly. However, many don’t realize that

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OM EAST, in partnership with OM Bosnia, is getting ready for their annual Schoolbags Project in north-west Bosnia-Herzegovina this summer.

NEW YORK (AP) — Idris Elba, who battled the coronavirus this year, has lent his voice to a new song about black men and mental health that will benefit pandemic relief efforts.

IF you’re under 40, or as I like to call it these days, "pre-arthritis", you probably won’t remember the dark days of malbec when you had a 50-50 chance of opening something that would be as rough as sandpaper.

A FEW weeks ago, Wendy James was trending on Twitter. It’s been happening quite often over the last few months, a result of BBC Four’s repeats of Top of the Pops reaching 1988 and 1989, the years in which a pink-lipsticked, bra-flaunting James launched herself on the public consciousness as the brash, blonde frontwoman of Transvision Vamp.

THE market for TV historians is crowded and fiercely competitive. Drop your guard for a second and Dan Snow or Bettany Hughes will be in the door and taking your gig faster than you can don a pair of those special white gloves all in the trade must have. Lucy Worsley made her name by combining immense knowledge – she is the chief curator at Historic Royal Palaces – with a steadfast dedication to raiding the dressing up box.

Saskia perseveres through language learning and connects with a young Albanian girl who becomes a follower of Jesus.

Docosahexaenoic acid is important for fetal brain development and visual acuity in infants. Infants born prematurely are at particular risk for docosahexaenoic acid insufficiency because they may not have benefited from a full trimester of the mother's lipid stores.

This is the first study in which the administration of fish-oil lipid emulsion in very low birth weight infants from the first day of life is described. The influence of fish-oil lipid emulsion on the regression of retinopathy seems to be worthy of further investigation. (Read the full article)

Gallbladder disease in children is an evolving entity and studies suggest an increasing frequency of symptomatic pediatric gallbladder disease and resultant cholecystectomies.

Hispanic ethnicity and obesity are epidemiologically significant risk factors for symptomatic gallbladder disease in the pediatric population. (Read the full article)

Two UK models predict the risk of mortality in very preterm Western infants (1) alive at onset of labor and (2) admitted for neonatal intensive care. Prognostic models need temporal and geographic validation to evaluate their performance.

The 2 models showed very good performance in a recent large cohort of very preterm infants born in another Western country. The accurate performance of both models suggests application in clinical practice (Read the full article)

The survival of extremely low birth weight infants in resource-limited situations is dismal due to limited neonatal intensive care facilities. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure resulted in an increased survival of these infants, but many still require back-up ventilation.

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure and intubation, surfactant, and extubation practiced in a neonatal high care ward with limited resources and limited back-up ventilatory facilities can improve the survival of extremely low birth weight infants. (Read the full article)

Low birth weight (LBW) infants (<2500 g) are at risk for cognitive and behavioral problems later in life. During infancy, they are also at risk for iron deficiency, which has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment in other high-risk groups.

Iron supplementation during the first 6 months of life to LBW infants reduces the risk of behavioral problems at 3.5 years. Mild iron deficiency in infancy may be an important, preventable contributor to behavioral problems in children born with LBW. (Read the full article)

Birth asphyxia, or failure to initiate or sustain spontaneous breathing at birth, contributes to ~27% to 30% of neonatal deaths in resource-limited countries, including Tanzania. Without change, these countries will fail to meet Millennium Development Goal 4 targets by 2015.

The Helping Babies Breathe program was implemented in 8 hospitals in Tanzania in 2009. It has been associated with a sustained 47% reduction in early neonatal mortality within 24 hours and a 24% reduction in fresh stillbirths after 2 years. (Read the full article)

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants <1500 g birth weight receive an iron intake of 4 mg/kg per day. There are no randomized trials to support this recommendation.

This trial compared the effect of iron supplementation of 2 mg/kg per day on the hematocrit at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. This study concluded that iron supplementation does not affect the 36-week hematocrit or the number of transfusions in infants <1500 g. (Read the full article)

Preterm born children have cognitive problems that include deficits in working memory. Computer-based working memory training has been reported to improve cognitive function in children.

A computer-based working memory training program designed for preschoolers seems effective in very low birth weight children, not only on working memory tasks, but also by having a generalizing effect regarding memory and learning. (Read the full article)

Infants with birth defects are more likely to be born preterm or with low birth weight and are at higher risk of death.

This study describes the prevalence of birth defects in a cohort of very low birth weight infants and evaluates in-hospital surgical procedures, morbidity, and mortality. (Read the full article)

Infants with trisomy 13 (T13) or trisomy 18 (T18) are known to have poor survival. Little is known about how very low birth weight (VLBW) impacts survival and morbidities among infants with T13 or T18.

We examined the risks of mortality and neonatal morbidities for VLBW infants with T13 or T18 compared with VLBW infants with trisomy 21 and VLBW infants without birth defects in a 16-year cohort from the Neonatal Research Network. (Read the full article)

Continuously aerosolized albuterol been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of severe status asthmaticus in the emergency department and ICU. Little evidence supports its use in the non–intensive care setting.

With the appropriate resources and support, continuous albuterol may be administered in the non–ICU setting with a low incidence of clinical deterioration and adverse effects. Certain clinical factors may help identify which patients may benefit from higher acuity care. (Read the full article)

Jaundiced newborns without additional risk factors rarely develop kernicterus if the total serum bilirubin is <25 mg/dL. Measuring the bilirubin/albumin ratio might improve risk assessment, but the relationships of both indicators to advancing stages of neurotoxicity are poorly documented.

Both total serum bilirubin and bilirubin/albumin ratio are strong predictors of advancing stages of acute and post-treatment auditory and neurologic impairment. However, bilirubin/albumin ratio, adjusted to the same sensitivity, does not improve prediction over total serum bilirubin alone. (Read the full article)