mi Termites for breakfast? Your ancestors might have! By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 17 Apr 2014 17:11:34 +0000 Termites and ants are not something you’re likely to pour into a cereal bowl for breakfast or munch with toast and tea, but your ancient […] The post Termites for breakfast? Your ancestors might have! appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Anthropology Research News Science & Nature ants insects mammals Smithsonian's National Zoo veterinary medicine
mi Ancient species of assassin fly discovered by Smithsonian scientist By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 21 Apr 2014 19:35:17 +0000 National Museum of Natural History scientist Torsten Dikow discovered and named a new species of assassin fly, Burmapogon bruckschi, after studying the first two specimens […] The post Ancient species of assassin fly discovered by Smithsonian scientist appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature insects National Museum of Natural History new species
mi These mites should make birds quiver right down to their quills By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 30 Apr 2014 17:38:03 +0000 The black-headed paradise-flycatcher of western and central Africa is a small colorful forest bird that thrives on the flying insects it chases down by swooping, […] The post These mites should make birds quiver right down to their quills appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature birds conservation biology dinosaurs National Museum of Natural History spiders
mi Smithsonian scientists link fish larva in Florida to new sea bass species from Curacao By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 14 May 2014 11:46:23 +0000 Identifying larval stages of marine fishes in the open ocean is difficult because the young fishes often bear little or no resemblance to the adults […] The post Smithsonian scientists link fish larva in Florida to new sea bass species from Curacao appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Marine Science Research News Science & Nature biodiversity Caribbean conservation conservation biology fishes National Museum of Natural History
mi Smithsonian acquires archives of Mr. Wizard, Don Herbert By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 19 May 2014 18:49:13 +0000 Authoritative, intelligent and always accompanied by a young assistant, television’s Mr. Wizard brought science to America’s kids from the 1950s through 1980s with experiments using […] The post Smithsonian acquires archives of Mr. Wizard, Don Herbert appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article History & Culture Science & Nature National Museum of American History new acquisitions popular culture science education
mi Global warming will open Arctic to invasive species, Smithsonian scientists say By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 28 May 2014 10:10:50 +0000 For the first time in roughly 2 million years, melting Arctic sea ice is connecting the north Pacific and north Atlantic oceans. The newly opened […] The post Global warming will open Arctic to invasive species, Smithsonian scientists say appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Marine Science Research News Science & Nature carbon dioxide climate change conservation conservation biology invasive species mammals Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
mi Feathers yield mysteries of pigment chemistry to spectroscopic analysis By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 30 May 2014 18:37:21 +0000 A research team from the Smithsonian and Arizona State University have developed a new, non-destructive method using spectroscopic analysis to help unravel the complex chemistry […] The post Feathers yield mysteries of pigment chemistry to spectroscopic analysis appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature birds chromatics endangered species materials science National Museum of Natural History
mi Mining astronomical archives yields haul of “red nugget” galaxies By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 11 Jun 2014 23:19:15 +0000 The world of astronomy has changed. An astronomer used to have to travel to a remote location and endure long, cold nights, patiently guiding a […] The post Mining astronomical archives yields haul of “red nugget” galaxies appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian galaxies Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
mi The Submillimeter Array: Celebrating a decade of discovery By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 25 Jun 2014 15:02:46 +0000 Ten years ago, eight antennas on the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawai’i, united to form a telescope unlike any other. Since then the Submillimeter Array […] The post The Submillimeter Array: Celebrating a decade of discovery appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory technology
mi Gemini reveals a gravitational wave source in hiding By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 09 Jul 2014 14:47:25 +0000 Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity predicts that accelerated masses emit gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time. Even though gravitational waves have yet to be detected […] The post Gemini reveals a gravitational wave source in hiding appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space Spotlight astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
mi Urban landscapes becoming increasingly bird-unfriendly By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 14 Jul 2014 18:56:14 +0000 Tasty and easy to find, the heath hen was a favorite dish of America’s colonial settlers. This beautiful little bird, however, was no match for […] The post Urban landscapes becoming increasingly bird-unfriendly appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature bird strikes birds conservation conservation biology endangered species extinction National Museum of Natural History pollution Smithsonian's National Zoo veterinary medicine
mi Smithsonian/Wisconsin police narrow search in 20 year mystery By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 23 Jul 2014 14:46:57 +0000 Investigators from Rock County, Wisconsin, are one step closer to solving the mystery surrounding the death of an unknown teenager thanks to Smithsonian scientists. Christine […] The post Smithsonian/Wisconsin police narrow search in 20 year mystery appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Anthropology Research News Science & Nature materials science Museum Conservation Institute National Museum of Natural History
mi First Przewalski’s horse born by artificial insemination birthday By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 25 Jul 2014 10:00:47 +0000 Scientists at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Va., are celebrating the anniversary of the first birth of a Przewalski’s horse by artificial […] The post First Przewalski’s horse born by artificial insemination birthday appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature animal births biodiversity captive breeding conservation conservation biology endangered species mammals Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo veterinary medicine
mi Smithsonian & SVF launch rare-breed livestock conservation partnership By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 31 Jul 2014 12:54:04 +0000 The Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and the SVF Foundation have launched a new collaboration to strengthen rare and endangered livestock breed conservation through the preservation […] The post Smithsonian & SVF launch rare-breed livestock conservation partnership appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature conservation conservation biology endangered species mammals Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo veterinary medicine
mi Bolivia’s golden bat: one of six new species found by the Smithsonian’s bat detective By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 07 Aug 2014 17:35:32 +0000 If you love new animal species and have an Internet connection, chances are you have already seen the beautiful new golden bat species, Myotis midastactus. […] The post Bolivia’s golden bat: one of six new species found by the Smithsonian’s bat detective appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Q & A Research News Science & Nature bats biodiversity conservation conservation biology Ecuador endangered species mammals National Museum of Natural History Peru South America
mi Volunteers needed for massive Smithsonian digitization project By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 12 Aug 2014 13:32:45 +0000 Today the Smithsonian launches its Transcription Center website to the public. The website is designed to leverage the power of crowds to help the Smithsonian […] The post Volunteers needed for massive Smithsonian digitization project appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature bees biodiversity citizen science conservation conservation biology digitization materials science National Museum of Natural History technology
mi Volunteers needed to preserve astronomical history and promote discovery By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 11 Sep 2014 14:53:36 +0000 Before iPhones and laptops there were human computers, some of whom worked at the Harvard College Observatory. Women like Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Williamina Fleming, and […] The post Volunteers needed to preserve astronomical history and promote discovery appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian digitization Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
mi Baby bird study proves innate ability for midair maneuvers By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 11 Sep 2014 18:25:29 +0000 How did the earliest birds take wing? Did they fall from trees and learn to flap their forelimbs to avoid crashing? Or did they run […] The post Baby bird study proves innate ability for midair maneuvers appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature animal flight birds Tropical Research Institute
mi Smithsonian scientists discover tropical tree microbiome in Panama By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 16 Sep 2014 14:05:57 +0000 Human skin and gut microbes influence processes from digestion to disease resistance. Despite the fact that tropical forests are the most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems on […] The post Smithsonian scientists discover tropical tree microbiome in Panama appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Center for Tropical Forest Science conservation biology Forest Global Earth Observatory
mi Smithsonian Symposium: The Anthropocene By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 07 Oct 2014 13:48:54 +0000 Archived feed of this symposium » The world is changing at a rapid pace. Scientists have documented significant changes during the past century in climate, […] The post Smithsonian Symposium: The Anthropocene appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Anthropology Marine Science Research News Science & Nature biodiversity carbon dioxide climate change conservation conservation biology endangered species National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute
mi Nautilus shell deformity puzzles scientists By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 16 Oct 2014 15:21:21 +0000 In the wild, wide milk chocolate-brown stripes adorn the beautiful smooth, white shells of the chambered nautilus, a deep-diving mollusk from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. But […] The post Nautilus shell deformity puzzles scientists appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Dinosaurs & Fossils Marine Science Research News Science & Nature conservation biology endangered species extinction fishes National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian's National Zoo
mi Tiny ‘nanoflares’ might heat the Sun’s corona By insider.si.edu Published On :: Sun, 19 Oct 2014 15:19:14 +0000 Why is the Sun’s million-degree corona, or outermost atmosphere, so much hotter than the Sun’s surface? This question has baffled astronomers for decades. Today, a […] The post Tiny ‘nanoflares’ might heat the Sun’s corona appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory supernova
mi What is that?! Five Amazing Microscopic Images By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 22 Oct 2014 15:00:09 +0000 From bizarre bugs to penis spines on bats, our world is infinitely expanded when we look down the microscope! Check out the stories behind these […] The post What is that?! Five Amazing Microscopic Images appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature ants bats fungi insects spiders
mi The world’s scariest rabbit lurks within the Smithsonian’s collection By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 31 Oct 2014 11:01:01 +0000 Among the bats, rats and other ferocious animals that lie within the storage drawers of the mammal collection in the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural […] The post The world’s scariest rabbit lurks within the Smithsonian’s collection appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature mammals
mi Crazy eyes and mind control – the power of parasites By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 06 Nov 2014 18:51:14 +0000 Have you ever had a pet that seemed just a little bit crazy or odd? Can you be sure that it was in control of […] The post Crazy eyes and mind control – the power of parasites appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature worms
mi Panama shatters raptor migration record By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 12 Nov 2014 13:40:28 +0000 More than two million migrating raptors passed over Panama City on Sunday, Nov. 2, doubling the previous record of almost 900,000 tallied in a single […] The post Panama shatters raptor migration record appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature birds migratory birds
mi Five fascinating species discovered by Smithsonian scientists in 2014 By insider.si.edu Published On :: Sat, 27 Dec 2014 07:38:00 +0000 While it seems that we can find just about anything on the Internet, it doesn’t mean we know everything yet. Every year, Smithsonian scientists discover […] The post Five fascinating species discovered by Smithsonian scientists in 2014 appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature amphibian bees biodiversity Colombia conservation conservation biology endangered species fishes frogs insects mammals National Museum of Natural History new species South America
mi Mismatched Twin Stars Spotted in the Delivery Room By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 13 Feb 2015 13:18:31 +0000 The majority of stars in our galaxy come in pairs. In particular, the most massive stars usually have a companion. These fraternal twins tend to […] The post Mismatched Twin Stars Spotted in the Delivery Room appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Space Spotlight astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
mi Coming soon: Vacancy at the crawdad hole? By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 10 Mar 2015 18:30:45 +0000 Yabbies, mudbugs, crayfish, crawdads, call them what you will, but one-third of the world’s crayfish species are facing extinction according to a recent report by […] The post Coming soon: Vacancy at the crawdad hole? appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Marine Science Research News Science & Nature biodiversity climate change conservation conservation biology endangered species extinction fishes invasive species National Museum of Natural History
mi Golden Frogs with Unique Skin Microbes Survive Frog-Killing Fungus By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 18 Mar 2015 17:22:40 +0000 A new study published this week in the Proceedings of the Royal Society by scientists at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) found unique communities […] The post Golden Frogs with Unique Skin Microbes Survive Frog-Killing Fungus appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature amphibian chytrid fungus conservation biology endangered species frogs fungi
mi Newly named mites have thick skins to deter predators By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 23 Mar 2015 15:44:41 +0000 Lurking on leaves in the tropical forests of Brazil microscopic mites in the family Cheyletidae are ambush predators. They wait quietly until another mite crawls […] The post Newly named mites have thick skins to deter predators appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature conservation biology fungi National Museum of Natural History new species
mi Video from Solar Dynamics Observatory wows museum visitors By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 29 Apr 2015 18:00:33 +0000 Tucked in the shadow of the towering Skylab exhibit at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum, there’s an inferno raging. Lucky for all of […] The post Video from Solar Dynamics Observatory wows museum visitors appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian climate change National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Sun technology
mi Hi-Tech Analysis Cracks Curious Case of Contaminated Cremains By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2015 16:49:10 +0000 Studies show that on average, the weight of cremated remains for men is about 7.13 pounds (plus or minus 1.2 pounds) and for women, 4.9 […] The post Hi-Tech Analysis Cracks Curious Case of Contaminated Cremains appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Anthropology Research News Science & Nature geology materials science National Museum of Natural History osteology
mi The oldest microscope in the museum By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 14 May 2015 13:02:54 +0000 In the store-rooms of the National Museum of American History curators recently discovered a small microscope made around 1750 by John Cuff (1708-1772), a […] The post The oldest microscope in the museum appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Spotlight materials science National Museum of American History
mi Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Marks 50 Years of Making a Difference By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 18 May 2015 12:36:48 +0000 The world’s coasts are home to more than 70 percent of the human population and experience intense development as a result. The rate of environmental […] The post Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Marks 50 Years of Making a Difference appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Marine Science Research News Science & Nature birds carbon dioxide climate change conservation biology endangered species fishes invasive species Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
mi Miniaturized GPS Tags Allow Tracking of Small Songbirds for first time By insider.si.edu Published On :: Mon, 15 Jun 2015 12:10:02 +0000 For the first time, researchers at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute’s Migratory Bird Center have accurately tracked small migratory ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) to their tropical […] The post Miniaturized GPS Tags Allow Tracking of Small Songbirds for first time appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature birds Migratory Bird Center migratory birds technology
mi Old bombs, chemical weapons now home for deep-sea starfish By insider.si.edu Published On :: Fri, 31 Jul 2015 14:34:10 +0000 Surplus mustard gas canisters and unexploded bombs dumped in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii after WWII, have become, scientists say, a potential reef that is […] The post Old bombs, chemical weapons now home for deep-sea starfish appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Marine Science Research News Science & Nature conservation biology technology
mi Warming temperatures may mean more monarch generations in some areas of North America By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 19 Aug 2015 16:25:22 +0000 Warming temperatures may mean more generations of monarch butterflies in North America during summer months, say scientists who recently finished experiments with monarch caterpillars and […] The post Warming temperatures may mean more monarch generations in some areas of North America appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature climate change
mi Warming may shrink ancient range of heat loving desert lizard By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 10 Sep 2015 13:49:36 +0000 The Mojave Desert and Death Valley are among the hottest, driest places in North America. So how might climate change impact a resilient reptile that […] The post Warming may shrink ancient range of heat loving desert lizard appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature carbon dioxide climate change conservation conservation biology National Museum of Natural History prehistoric reptiles
mi Colorful Caterpillar Chemists By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 08 Oct 2015 13:01:11 +0000 Scientists at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) in Panama compared the diets of two caterpillar species, expecting the one that exclusively consumed plants containing […] The post Colorful Caterpillar Chemists appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Spotlight chromatics conservation biology insects Tropical Research Institute
mi Cosmic “Death Star” is Destroying a Planet By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 21 Oct 2015 17:03:52 +0000 The Death Star of the movie Star Wars may be fictional, but planetary destruction is real. Astronomers announced today that they have spotted a large, […] The post Cosmic “Death Star” is Destroying a Planet appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
mi Disease carrying ticks hitchhike into U.S. on migratory birds By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 22 Oct 2015 17:20:40 +0000 Researchers who examined thousands of migratory birds arriving in the United States from Central and South America have determined that three percent carry ticks species […] The post Disease carrying ticks hitchhike into U.S. on migratory birds appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature biodiversity birds climate change conservation biology insects Migratory Bird Center Smithsonian's National Zoo
mi James Smithson, the scientist who started the Smithsonian By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 19 Nov 2015 13:27:11 +0000 “The Smithsonian Institution”―When most people hear the name, museums, scientific research, even Dorothy’s ruby slippers and the Wright brothers’ plane come to mind. But many […] The post James Smithson, the scientist who started the Smithsonian appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article History & Culture Science & Nature rocks & minerals Smithsonian Institution Archives
mi Smithsonian Libraries’ rare texts include early superstars of science By insider.si.edu Published On :: Sat, 28 Nov 2015 14:31:13 +0000 Tucked away on the lower levels of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History and National Museum of American History are some of science’s most […] The post Smithsonian Libraries’ rare texts include early superstars of science appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Science & Nature Space technology
mi Smithsonian lab receives GreenGov Presidential Award By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 02 Dec 2015 17:42:51 +0000 Throughout 2015 the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) in Edgewater, Md., has marked its 50th year of operation. Now there’s another reason for SERC to […] The post Smithsonian lab receives GreenGov Presidential Award appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Marine Science Research News Science & Nature Spotlight climate change conservation biology Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute technology
mi Event Horizon Telescope Reveals Magnetic Fields at Milky Way’s Central Black Hole By insider.si.edu Published On :: Thu, 03 Dec 2015 19:19:52 +0000 Most people think of black holes as giant vacuum cleaners sucking in everything that gets too close. But the supermassive black holes at the centers […] The post Event Horizon Telescope Reveals Magnetic Fields at Milky Way’s Central Black Hole appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Research News Science & Nature Space astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Milky Way Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
mi Smithsonian-Cornell Partnership produces First Domestic Puppies by In Vitro Fertilization By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 09 Dec 2015 16:00:32 +0000 After decades of attempts, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) scientists and researchers at Cornell University have become the first to successfully use in vitro fertilization […] The post Smithsonian-Cornell Partnership produces First Domestic Puppies by In Vitro Fertilization appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature conservation conservation biology endangered species mammals Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo technology
mi Smithsonian Scientists Trace Anthropocene Roots to Early Human Activity By insider.si.edu Published On :: Wed, 16 Dec 2015 18:15:05 +0000 A new analysis of the fossil record by scientists at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History has revealed that the structure of plant and […] The post Smithsonian Scientists Trace Anthropocene Roots to Early Human Activity appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Anthropology Dinosaurs & Fossils Research News Science & Nature climate change conservation biology technology
mi Research shows same growth rate for farming, non-farming societies By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 22 Dec 2015 13:37:10 +0000 Prehistoric human populations of hunter-gatherers in a region of North America grew at the same rate as farming societies in Europe, according to a new […] The post Research shows same growth rate for farming, non-farming societies appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Anthropology Dinosaurs & Fossils Research News Science & Nature Spotlight agriculture astronomy astrophysics Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian
mi New Study Helps Smithsonian Scientists Prioritize Frogs at Risk of Extinction By insider.si.edu Published On :: Tue, 05 Jan 2016 12:23:00 +0000 Scientists at the Smithsonian Institution and partners have published a paper that will help them save Panamanian frog species from extinction due to a deadly […] The post New Study Helps Smithsonian Scientists Prioritize Frogs at Risk of Extinction appeared first on Smithsonian Insider. Full Article Animals Research News Science & Nature amphibian biodiversity chytrid fungus climate change conservation conservation biology endangered species extinction frogs Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Smithsonian's National Zoo