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Mind or Stomach? Imagination or Necessity?

"An army marches on its stomach" said Napoleon, who is also credited with saying "Imagination rules the world". Is history driven by raw necessity and elementary needs? Or is history hewn by people from their imagination, dreams and ideas?

The answer is simple: 'Both'. The challenge is to untangle imagination from necessity. Consider these examples:

An ancient Jewish saying is "Without flour, there is no Torah. Without Torah there is no flour." (Avot 3:17) Scholars don't eat much, but they do need to eat. And if you feed them, they produce wonders.

Give a typewriter to a monkey and he might eventually tap out Shakespeare's sonnets, but it's not very likely. Give that monkey an inventive mind and he will produce poetry, a vaccine against polio, and the atom bomb. Why the bomb? He needed it.

Necessity is the mother of invention, they say, but it's actually a two-way street. For instance, human inventiveness includes dreams of cosmic domination, leading to war. Hence the need for that bomb. Satisfying a need, like the need for flour, induces inventiveness. And this inventiveness, like the discovery of genetically modified organisms, creates new needs. Necessity induces inventiveness, and inventiveness creates new dangers, challenges and needs. This cycle is endless because the realm of imagination is boundless, far greater than prosaic reality, as we discussed elsewhere.

Imagination and necessity are intertwined, but still are quite different. Necessity focusses primarily on what we know, while imagination focusses on the unknown.

We know from experience that we need food, shelter, warmth, love, and so on. These requirements force themselves on our awareness. Even the need for protection against surprise is known, though the surprise is not.

Imagination operates in the realm of the unknown. We seek the new, the interesting, or the frightful. Imagination feeds our fears of the unknown and nurtures our hopes for the unimaginable. We explore the bounds of the possible and try breaking through to the impossible.

Mind or stomach? Imagination or necessity? Every 'known' has an 'unknown' lurking behind it, and every 'unknown' may some day be discovered or dreamed into existence. Every mind has a stomach, and a stomach with no mind is not human.




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The Age of Imagination


This is not only the Age of Information, this is also the Age of Imagination. Information, at any point in time, is bounded, while imagination is always unbounded. We are overwhelmed more by the potential for new ideas than by the admittedly vast existing knowledge. We are drunk with the excitement of the unknown. Drunks are sometimes not a pretty sight; Isaiah (28:8) is very graphic.

It is true that topical specialization occurs, in part, due to what we proudly call the explosion of knowledge. There is so much to know that one must ignore huge tracts of knowledge. But that is only half the story. The other half is that we have begun to discover the unknown, and its lure is irresistible. Like the scientific and global explorers of the early modern period - The Discoverers as Boorstin calls them - we are intoxicated by the potential "out there", beyond the horizon, beyond the known. That intoxication can distort our vision and judgment.

Consider Reuven's comment, from long experience, that "Engineers use formulas and various equations without being aware of the theories behind them." A pithier version was said to me by an acquisitions editor at Oxford University Press: "Engineers don't read books." She should know.

Engineers are imaginative and curious. They are seekers, and they find wonderful things. But they are too engrossed in inventing and building The New, to be much engaged with The Old. "Scholarship", wrote Thorstein Veblen is "an intimate and systematic familiarity with past cultural achievements." Engineers - even research engineers and professors of engineering - spend very little time with past masters. How many computer scientists scour the works of Charles Babbage? How often do thermal engineers study the writings of Lord Kelvin? A distinguished professor of engineering, himself a member of the US National Academy of Engineering, once told me that there is little use for journal articles more than a few years old.

Fragmentation of knowledge results from the endless potential for new knowledge. Seekers - engineers and the scientists of nature, society and humanity - move inexorably apart from one another. But nonetheless it's all connected; consilient. Technology alters how we live. Science alters what we think. How can we keep track of it all? How can we have some at least vague and preliminary sense of where we are heading and whether we value the prospect?

The first prescription is to be aware of the problem, and I greatly fear that many movers and shakers of the modern age are unaware. The second prescription is to identify who should take the lead in nurturing this awareness. That's easy: teachers, scholars, novelists, intellectuals of all sorts.

Isaiah struggled with this long ago. "Priest and prophet erred with liquor, were swallowed by wine."(Isaiah, 28:7) We are drunk with the excitement of the unknown. Who can show the way?




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Stress Has Risen In This Age Group More Than Any Other (M)

Even before the pandemic, this age group were reporting record levels of levels.

Support PsyBlog for just $5 per month. Enables access to articles marked (M) and removes ads.

→ Explore PsyBlog's ebooks, all written by Dr Jeremy Dean:




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Online Therapy: A Powerful Tool in the Fight Against Covid 19

The coronavirus pandemic is affecting billions of people around the world today. Coronavirus, now called covid 19, is a type of virus that is usually found in animals and is rarely transmitted to humans. According to reports from the World Health Organization, covid 19 likely originated from a seafood and meat market in Wuhan, China, […]




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How women are revolutionizing Rwanda | Agnes Binagwaho

In 1996, Agnes Binagwaho returned home to Rwanda in the aftermath of its genocide. She considered leaving amid the overwhelming devastation, but women in her community motivated her to stay and help rebuild -- and she's glad she did. In an inspiring talk, Binagwaho reflects on her work as Rwanda's former Minister of Health and discusses her new women's education initiative for the country, which strives to create one of the greatest levels of gender equality worldwide.




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How we can navigate the coronavirus pandemic with courage and hope | Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks

Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks offers thoughts on how we can navigate the coronavirus pandemic with courage, hope and empathy. With wisdom and clarity, he speaks on leadership, fear, death, hope and how we could use this moment to build a more just world. Watch for a special, impromptu prayer about halfway through the conversation. (This virtual conversation is part of the TED Connects series, hosted by head of TED Chris Anderson and head of curation Helen Walters. Recorded March 30, 2020)




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A history of Indigenous languages -- and how to revitalize them | Lindsay Morcom

Indigenous languages across North America are under threat of extinction due to the colonial legacy of cultural erasure, says linguist Lindsay Morcom. Highlighting grassroots strategies developed by the Anishinaabe people of Canada to revive their language and community, Morcom makes a passionate case for enacting policies that could protect Indigenous heritage for generations to come.




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How understanding divorce can help your marriage | Jeannie Suk Gersen

To understand what makes marriages work, we need to talk about why they sometimes end, says family law professor Jeannie Suk Gersen. Follow along as she lays out three ways that thinking about marital decisions through the lens of divorce can help you better navigate togetherness from the beginning.




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Behavioral Decision Research and Management (BDRM), Barcelona, June 16-18, 2020

SAVE THE DATE ESADE Business School will host the 2020 Behavioral Decision Research and Management (BDRM) conference, in Barcelona, Spain. Dates: Tuesday June 16th – Thursday June 18th, 2020. More information coming, September of 2019. Faculty Organizers Uri Simonsohn (ESADE) Isabelle Engeler (IESE) Jordi Quoidbach (ESADE) Bart de Langhe (ESADE) Johannes Müller-Trede (IESE) Ioannis Evangelidis […]

The post Behavioral Decision Research and Management (BDRM), Barcelona, June 16-18, 2020 appeared first on Decision Science News.




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Teenagers Who Believe They Are Particularly Intelligent Tend To Be More Narcissistic And Happier With Life

By Emily Reynolds. But self-assessed intelligence was not actually related to objective measures of intelligence




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Aspiring To Be Rich May Damage Your Relationships

By Emily Reynolds. Participants whose self-esteem was based on financial success felt more lonely and disconnected from others.




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West Virginia Teachers Are Going on Strike Again

Teachers across the state will walk out of their classrooms on Tuesday to protest an education bill going through the state legislature.




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Lawmakers vote to delay wage hike, raises because of virus




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Schools Lean on Staff Who Speak Students' Language to Keep English-Learners Connected

The rocky shift to remote learning has exacerbated inequities for the nation's 5 million English-learners. An army of multilingual liaisons work round the clock to plug widening gaps.




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After Okla. Historic Pay Raise, Morale Is Up—But Teacher Shortage Persists

Despite a $6,100 teacher pay raise this spring, school districts report that they're starting the new academic year with nearly 500 teaching vacancies.




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Intruders post racist language in Oklahoma education meeting




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Puerto Rico officials face outrage over school food crisis




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Teachers union: Stagger school start times, change seating




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Are Math Coaches the Answer to Lagging Achievement?

A sizable body of research shows that intensive, one-on-one coaching can improve instructional practice and student achievement more than other professional development offerings for teachers.




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How to Teach Math to Students With Disabilities, English Language Learners

Experts recommend emphasizing language skills, avoiding assumptions about ability based on broad student labels, and focusing on students’ strengths rather than their weaknesses.




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Lee encouraging voucher applications despite court order




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State offficials to review complaint against Florida sheriff




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California doom: Staggering $54 billion budget deficit looms




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Budget Cuts Lead Wyoming to Scale Back Relationship With Accrediting Agency

AdvancED, the national accreditation company, has for the last two years operated Wyoming's entire accreditation process but the state will now do the work on its own.




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Texas Teenager Wins National Spelling Bee

Karthik Nemmani, 14, from McKinney, Texas, nabbed the Scripps National Spelling Bee champion title on Thursday night in Oxon Hill, Md.




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Civics-Test Bills Hit State Legislatures Again in 2016

A bill in Nebraska would require high school students to take a civics examination before graduating.




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Did a Misunderstanding Put One State's Aid for Disadvantaged Students At Risk?

U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos is not famous for pressuring states into desired outcomes, but did put at least two states' Title I funding on "high-risk" status last year.




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'Open Algorithms' Bill Would Jolt New York City Schools, Public Agencies

The proposed legislation would require the 1.1-million student district to publish the source code behind algorithms used to assign students to high schools, evaluate teachers, and more.




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Lee encouraging voucher applications despite court order




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Dual-Language Learning: How Schools Can Empower Students and Parents

In this fifth installment on the growth in dual-language learning, the executive director of the BUENO Center for Multicultural Education at the University of Colorado, Boulder., says districts should focus on the what students and their families need, not what educators want.




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Puerto Rico officials face outrage over school food crisis




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Teachers union: Stagger school start times, change seating




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Are Math Coaches the Answer to Lagging Achievement?

A sizable body of research shows that intensive, one-on-one coaching can improve instructional practice and student achievement more than other professional development offerings for teachers.




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How to Teach Math to Students With Disabilities, English Language Learners

Experts recommend emphasizing language skills, avoiding assumptions about ability based on broad student labels, and focusing on students’ strengths rather than their weaknesses.




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Lee encouraging voucher applications despite court order




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State offficials to review complaint against Florida sheriff




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California doom: Staggering $54 billion budget deficit looms




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How Principals and District Leaders Are Trying to Boost Lagging Teacher Morale During COVID-19

Knowing the shift to remote learning would be tough for teachers, school and district administrators have scrambled to assemble as many kinds of supports as they can.




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In Battle Against Bullies, Some Schools Target Parents

Looking for new ways to combat kids who bully, some communities are threatening to fine parents with no evidence that the approach is effective.




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Undergraduate Education Degrees Again Permitted in California

Aspiring teachers in California will now be able to major in education as undergraduates, which has been forbidden for more than five decades under an unusual state law.




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Paid Maternity Leave for Teachers? California's Governor Says No Once Again

The bill would have given public school teachers at least six weeks of paid maternity leave.




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Trump Again Pushes Schools to Reopen, Says Older Teachers Should Stay Home

The president said he'd "like to see schools open" where possible, although most states have closed them for the academic year, and said children seem to be doing relatively well during the coronavirus pandemic.




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Hawaii Settles Lawsuit on Illegal Age Limit for Special Education

About $8 million will be eligible for compensatory education to students who were affected by an illegal state-imposed age cap on special education enrollment.




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'Déjà Vu All Over Again' in New Jersey

New Jersey's Camden takeover in context.




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R.I. Education Commissioner Diagnosed with Brain Tumor

From guest blogger Kimberly Shannon Rhode Island Education Commissioner Deborah Gist has been diagnosed with a brain tumor and will undergo surgery in September, according to the Associated Press. She is expected to have a full recovery, but will be working a limited schedule until her operation. Af




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Rhode Island Jumps on 'Computer Science for All' Bandwagon

Rhode Island Governor Gina M. Raimondo announced a new effort to bring computer science classes to every public school in the state by the end of 2017.




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Trump Administration Weighs In On Lawsuit Against State's Transgender-Athlete Policy

The Trump administration weighed into a lawsuit, arguing that a state's transgender-athlete policy forces "biological girls to compete against biological boys who publicly identify with the female gender and want to compete on sex-specific athletic teams."




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Teachers union: Stagger school start times, change seating




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Dual-Language Learning: How Schools Can Invest in Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

In this fourth installment on the growth in dual-language learning, the director of dual-language education in Portland, Ore., says schools must have a clear reason for why they are offering dual-language instruction.




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With ESSA Passage, Delaware Offers Lessons

Paul Herdman of the Rodel Foundation of Delaware checks in where his state is after RTTT and how the state's education plan can serve as a model for other states responding to ESSA's reduction of federal oversight.