Title: Malaria Parasite Is Infecting, Killing U.S. Baby Deer
Category: Health News
Created: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM
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Category: Health News
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Category: Health News
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Title: All That Social Media Hasn't Hurt Kids' Social Skills, Study Finds
Category: Health News
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Title: Laser Process May Kill Bacteria on Metal Surfaces
Category: Health News
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Category: Health News
Created: 4/16/2020 12:00:00 AM
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Title: There's a Virus Spreading in U.S. That's Killed 10,000: The Flu
Category: Health News
Created: 2/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/7/2020 12:00:00 AM

ABSTRACT

Theory, simulation, and experimental evolution demonstrate that diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity to lytic viruses can lead to stochastic virus extinction due to a limited number of susceptible hosts available to each potential new protospacer escape mutation. Under such conditions, theory predicts that to evade extinction, viruses evolve toward decreased virulence and promote vertical transmission and persistence in infected hosts. To better understand the evolution of host-virus interactions in microbial populations with active CRISPR-Cas immunity, we studied the interaction between CRISPR-immune Sulfolobus islandicus cells and immune-deficient strains that are infected by the chronic virus SSV9. We demonstrate that Sulfolobus islandicus cells infected with SSV9, and with other related SSVs, kill uninfected, immune strains through an antagonistic mechanism that is a protein and is independent of infectious virus. Cells that are infected with SSV9 are protected from killing and persist in the population. We hypothesize that this infection acts as a form of mutualism between the host and the virus by removing competitors in the population and ensuring continued vertical transmission of the virus within populations with diversified CRISPR-Cas immunity.

IMPORTANCE Multiple studies, especially those focusing on the role of lytic viruses in key model systems, have shown the importance of viruses in shaping microbial populations. However, it has become increasingly clear that viruses with a long host-virus interaction, such as those with a chronic lifestyle, can be important drivers of evolution and have large impacts on host ecology. In this work, we describe one such interaction with the acidic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus islandicus and its chronic virus Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 9. Our work expands the view in which this symbiosis between host and virus evolved, describing a killing phenotype which we hypothesize has evolved in part due to the high prevalence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas immunity seen in natural populations. We explore the implications of this phenotype in population dynamics and host ecology, as well as the implications of mutualism between this virus-host pair.

The global burden of disease caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is increasing as the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains rises. A multivalent ExPEC O-antigen bioconjugate vaccine could have a substantial impact in preventing bacteremia and urinary tract infections. Development of an ExPEC vaccine requires a readout to assess the functionality of antibodies. We developed an opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPA) for four ExPEC serotypes (serotypes O1A, O2, O6A, and O25B) based on methods established for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. The performance of the assay was assessed with human serum by computing the precision, linearity, trueness, total error, working range, and specificity. Serotypes O1A and O6A met the acceptance criteria for precision (coefficient of variation for repeatability and intermediate precision, ≤50%), linearity (90% confidence interval of the slope of each strain, 0.80, 1.25), trueness (relative bias range, –30% to 30%), and total error (total error range, –65% to 183%) at five serum concentrations and serotypes O2 and O25B met the acceptance criteria at four concentrations (the lowest concentration for serotypes O2 and O25B did not meet the system suitability test of maximum killing of ≥85% of E. coli cells). All serotypes met the acceptance criteria for specificity (opsonization index value reductions of ≤20% for heterologous serum preadsorption and ≥70% for homologous serum preadsorption). The assay working range was defined on the basis of the lowest and highest concentrations at which the assay jointly fulfilled the target acceptance criteria for linearity, precision, and accuracy. An OPA suitable for multiple E. coli serotypes has been developed, qualified, and used to assess the immunogenicity of a 4-valent E. coli bioconjugate vaccine (ExPEC4V) administered to humans.

A secret US Navy project known only as CLAWS will equip armed robot submarines with sensors and algorithms enabling them to destroy targets without explicit human control

The majority of these children have tested positive for the virus or seem to carry antibodies from an earlier infection.

When asteroid Armageddon is upon us, we can't just call Bruce Willis. Meet the people who really do watch the skies – and make detailed plans for our survival

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Pepe helps keep Indian children healthy by reminding them to wash up

The anti-cancer medicine venetoclax could improve the current therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, according to preclinical studies. The promising preclinical results for this 'triple therapy' have underpinned a phase 1 clinical trial in Melbourne, Australia, that is combining venetoclax with hormone therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with ER+ breast cancer.

An attorney who consulted with the defendants leaked video of the shooting to a local radio station, it was revealed Friday.

Justice in case of 25-year-old black male delayed amid COVID-19 response. Apparently in Georgia bowling and tattooing are more essential.

NFL greats Tom Brady and Anquan Boldin were among dozens of prominent players and coaches who called on Friday for a federal investigation into the death of Ahmaud Arbery, an unarmed black man who was shot while running in Georgia.

A device that carries hot water down a tube into the gut may help manage diabetes by killing overgrown gut cells that release hormones key to metabolising food

Parasites are a huge global treat to human life, but some of them could actually help us treat disease. Parasitologist Charlotte Evans explores the secret lives of these frightening organisms.

At least six were killed when protesters angry over what they see as unfair food aid distribution during the coronavirus pandemic clashed with police in Afghanistan's western Ghor province on Saturday, according to officials.

An Indian train killed 16 migrant workers who had fallen asleep on the track on Friday while they were heading back to their home village after losing their jobs in a coronavirus lockdown, police said.

In just a few months, the COVID-19 pandemic has crossed borders and oceans, killing thousands, sickening millions, and forcing millions more to reckon with the economic and personal chaos of closures and lockdowns. Yet as the global infection count rises, the crisis has also given rise to acts of ingenuity. The pandemic has set off…

The bee species has been under the looming threat of...

The post Bee-Killing Murder Hornets Have Somehow Landed In America For The First Time appeared first on Man's World India.

PHOENIX (AP) - A hearing is scheduled to resume on May 15 in Phoenix over whether an Iraqi immigrant accused of participating in the 2006 killings of two police officers in Fallujah should remain jailed until his extradition case is over.

The detention hearing for Ali Yousif Ahmed Al-Nouri started ...

GREENSBURG, Pa. (AP) - On a cloudy Friday afternoon 20 years ago Tuesday, an unemployed immigration lawyer went on a killing spree. It started next door to his parents’ Mt. Lebanon home, where he killed his Jewish neighbor. He went on to shoot five more people, all ethnic or racial ...

Arbery, who would have turned 26 on Friday, was shot to death after being chased by two men who thought he was a burglar.

Trial is notable for highlighting land and nature defender murders that ordinarily go unpunished

The sentencing on Thursday of seven men accused of murdering the Honduran environmentalist Berta Cáceres is only partial justice, but it should inspire anyone committed to ending the slaughter of land and nature defenders around the globe.

A court in Tegucigalpa handed down guilty verdicts on all but one of the eight accused, including two employees of the hydro-electric dam company that the indigenous Lenca woman had been campaigning against before her assassination on 2 March 2016.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus endures for days on plastic or metal but disintegrates soon after landing on copper surfaces. Here’s why

The famous impact 66 million years ago kicked up soot into the atmosphere that played an even bigger role in blocking sunlight than experts had realized

At an outer suburban manufacturing plant, engineer Byron Kennedy is resetting a machine to spray-print a layer of copper on to a door handle, aiming to use the metal's antiviral properties to counter the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic.

A cyclist has died after being involved in a collision with a van.

The brother of a 13-year-old boy who died after being struck by a car while crossing a road with his family on Easter Sunday has paid tribute to his "kind-hearted" sibling.

A potentially deadly disease affecting olive trees in Europe could take a huge economic toll in the next five decades, researchers have said.

A pedestrian has died after being hit by a black BMW as he crossed a road in south London.

New video footage released by Russian authorities shows the moment a plane's emergency landing resulted in a crash which killed 41 people in Moscow in 2019.

Her friend Ahmed Hassan said she was a keen rower who will be remembered as "an amazing person and an amazing analyst" who left an "immense impact" on everyone she met.

The teenage daughter of a man who was stabbed to death in the street issued an emotional plea today for justice on the first anniversary of his killing.

A visually-impaired passenger died after falling from a station platform in south-east London and being hit by a train, accident investigators have said.

Unison and royal colleges of nursing and midwives call for 'ultimate tribute' to key workers who died while battling coronavirus.

At least 16 people have been killed in the deadliest mass shooting in Canada's history.

At least 16 people have been killed and more injured after a mass shooting in Canada.

The families allege that the two helicopter companies were careless and negligent

"Massive fireballs" and "huge explosions" have been seen near Maidstone in Kent as firefighters responded to an explosion on a farm.

An Essex man has appeared in court accused of fatally running over a woman after a row about a minor collision.

Four police officers have died after being hit by a truck when they stopped to detain a speeding driver on an Australian motorway, officials said.

A devastated husband has revealed his wife was pregnant with their second child when she was shot dead in Canada's deadliest mass shooting over the weekend.