Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms of breast tumorigenesis remain unclear. Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, was recently shown to be a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. However, the mechanisms of FBP1 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer remain to be explored. Here we showed that FBP1 bound to Notch1 in breast cancer cells. Moreover, FBP1 enhanced ubiquitination of Notch1, further leading to proteasomal degradation via FBXW7 pathway. In addition, we found that FBP1 significantly repressed the transactivation of Notch1 in breast cancer cells. Functionally, Notch1 was involved in FBP1-mediated tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Totally, these findings indicate that FBP1 inhibits breast tumorigenesis by regulating Notch1 pathway, highlighting FBP1 as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.

CRISPR-Cas systems have been engineered as powerful tools to control gene expression in bacteria. The most common strategy relies on the use of Cas effectors modified to bind target DNA without introducing DNA breaks. These effectors can either block the RNA polymerase or recruit it through activation domains. Here, we discuss the mechanistic details of how Cas effectors can modulate gene expression by blocking transcription initiation or acting as transcription roadblocks. CRISPR-Cas tools can be further engineered to obtain fine-tuned control of gene expression or target multiple genes simultaneously. Several caveats in using these tools have also been revealed, including off-target effects and toxicity, making it important to understand the design rules of engineered CRISPR-Cas effectors in bacteria. Alternatively, some types of CRISPR-Cas systems target RNA and could be used to block gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Finally, we review applications of these tools in high-throughput screens and the progress and challenges in introducing CRISPR knockdown to other species, including nonmodel bacteria with industrial or clinical relevance. A deep understanding of how CRISPR-Cas systems can be harnessed to control gene expression in bacteria and build powerful tools will certainly open novel research directions.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Multimonth dispensing (MMD) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a differentiated model of care that can help overcome health system challenges and reduce the burden of HIV care on clients. Although 3-month dispensing has been the standard of care, interest has increased in extending refill intervals to 6 months. We explored client and provider experiences with MMD in Malawi as part of a cluster randomized trial evaluating 3- versus 6-month ART dispensing.Methods:Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 ART providers and 62 stable, adult clients with HIV on ART. Clients and providers were evenly divided by arm and were eligible for an interview if they had been participating in the study for 1 year (clients) or 6 months (providers). Questions focused on perceived challenges and benefits of the 3- or 6-month amount of ART dispensing. Interviews were transcribed, and data were coded and analyzed using constant comparison.Results:Both clients and providers reported that the larger medication supply had benefits. Clients reported decreased costs due to less frequent travel to the clinic and increased time for income-generating activities. Clients in the 6-month dispensing arm reported a greater sense of personal freedom and normalcy. Providers felt that the 6-month dispensing interval reduced their workload. They also expressed concerned about clients' challenges with ART storage at home, but clients reported no storage problems. Although providers mentioned the potential risk of clients sharing the larger medication supply with family or friends, clients emphasized the value of ART and reported only rare, short-term sharing, mostly with their spouses. Providers mentioned clients' lack of motivation to seek care for illnesses that might occur between refill appointments.Conclusions:The 6-month ART dispensing arm was particularly beneficial to clients for decreased costs, increased time for income generation, and a greater sense of normalcy. Providers' concerns about storage, sharing, and return visits to the facility did not emerge in client interviews. Further data are needed on the feasibility of implementing a large-scale program with 6-month dispensing.

BACKGROUND

Sex differences have been described in diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs).

OBJECTIVE

Hispanics/Latinos are the largest ethnic/racial group in the U.S., have the highest prevalence of diabetes, and are at increased risk for neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, little is known about the relationship between diabetes and cognitive decline and disorders among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. The purpose of this study is to clarify these relationships in diverse middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.

Sepsis causes an activation of the human contact system, an inflammatory response mechanism against foreign surfaces, proteins and pathogens. The serine proteases of the contact system, factor XII and plasma kallikrein, are decreased in plasma of septic patients, which was previously associated with an unfavorable outcome. However, the precise mechanisms and roles of contact system factors in bacterial sepsis are poorly understood. We, therefore, studied the physiological relevance of factor XII and plasma kallikrein in a mouse model of experimental sepsis. We show that decreased plasma kallikrein concentration in septic mice is a result of reduced mRNA expression plasma prekallikrein gene, indicating that plasma kallikrein belong to negative acute phase proteins. Investigations regarding the pathophysiological function of contact system proteases during sepsis revealed different roles for factor XII and plasma kallikrein. In vitro, factor XII decelerated bacteria induced fibrinolysis, whereas plasma kallikrein supported it. Remarkably, depletion of plasma kallikrein (but not factor XII) by treatment with antisense-oligonucleotides, dampens bacterial dissemination and growth in multiple organs in the mouse sepsis model. These findings identify plasma kallikrein as a novel host pathogenicity factor in Streptococcus pyogenes sepsis.

Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL/KMT2A) rearrangements (MLL-r) are one of the most frequent chromosomal aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia. We evaluated the function of Meningioma 1 (MN1), a co-factor of HOXA9 and MEIS1, in human and murine MLL-rearranged leukemia by CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletion of MN1. MN1 was required for in vivo leukemogenicity of MLL positive murine and human leukemia cells. Loss of MN1 inhibited cell cycle and proliferation, promoted apoptosis and induced differentiation of MLL-rearranged cells. Expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing from previously reported data sets demonstrated that MN1 primarily maintains active transcription of HOXA9 and HOXA10, which are critical downstream genes of MLL, and their target genes like BCL2, MCL1 and Survivin. Treatment of MLL-rearranged primary leukemia cells with anti-MN1 siRNA significantly reduced their clonogenic potential in contrast to normal CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting a therapeutic window for MN1 targeting. In summary, our findings demonstrate that MN1 plays an essential role in MLL fusion leukemias and serve as a therapeutic target in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia.

Patients with hematologic cancers have improved outcomes after treatment with bispecific antibodies that bind to CD3 on T cells and that redirect T cells toward cancer cells. However, clinical benefit against solid tumors remains to be shown. We made a bispecific antibody that targets both the common prostate tumor–specific antigen PSMA and CD3 (PMSAxCD3) and provide evidence for tumor inhibition in several preclinical solid tumor models. Mice expressing the human extracellular regions of CD3 and PSMA were generated to examine antitumor efficacy in the presence of an intact immune system and PSMA expression in normal tissues. PSMAxCD3 accumulated in PSMA-expressing tissues and tumors as detected by immuno-PET imaging. Although PSMAxCD3 induced T-cell activation and showed antitumor efficacy in mice with low tumor burden, PSMAxCD3 lost efficacy against larger solid tumors, mirroring the difficulty of treating solid tumors in the clinic. Costimulatory receptors can enhance T-cell responses. We show here that costimulation can enhance the antitumor efficacy of PSMAxCD3. In particular, 4-1BB stimulation in combination with PSMAxCD3 enhanced T-cell activation and proliferation, boosted efficacy against larger tumors, and induced T-cell memory, leading to durable antitumor responses. The combination of CD3 bispecific antibodies and anti-4-1BB costimulation represents a therapeutic approach for the treatment of solid tumors.

Purpose:

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients with disease refractory to all available drugs have a poor outcome, indicating the need for new agents with novel mechanisms of action.

Purpose:

Gastrointestinal cancers remain areas of high unmet need despite advances in targeted and immunotherapies. Here, we demonstrate potent, tumor-selective efficacy with PF-07062119, a T-cell engaging CD3 bispecific targeting tumors expressing Guanylyl Cyclase C (GUCY2C), which is expressed widely across colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies. In addition, to address immune evasion mechanisms, we explore combinations with immune checkpoint blockade agents and with antiangiogenesis therapy.

In 2016, the proportion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to azithromycin rose to 3.6%. A phylogenetic analysis of 334 N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected in 2016 revealed a single, geographically diverse lineage of isolates with MICs of 2 to 16 μg/ml that carried a mosaic-like mtr locus, whereas the majority of isolates with MICs of ≥16 μg/ml appeared sporadically and carried 23S rRNA mutations. Continued molecular surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae isolates will identify new resistance mechanisms.

Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales is a public health threat. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (encoded by alleles of the bla_KPC family) is one of the most common transmissible carbapenem resistance mechanisms worldwide. The dissemination of bla_KPC historically has been associated with distinct K. pneumoniae lineages (clonal group 258 [CG258]), a particular plasmid family (pKpQIL), and a composite transposon (Tn4401). In the United Kingdom, bla_KPC has represented a large-scale, persistent management challenge for some hospitals, particularly in North West England. The dissemination of bla_KPC has evolved to be polyclonal and polyspecies, but the genetic mechanisms underpinning this evolution have not been elucidated in detail; this study used short-read whole-genome sequencing of 604 bla_KPC-positive isolates (Illumina) and long-read assembly (PacBio)/polishing (Illumina) of 21 isolates for characterization. We observed the dissemination of bla_KPC (predominantly bla_KPC-2; 573/604 [95%] isolates) across eight species and more than 100 known sequence types. Although there was some variation at the transposon level (mostly Tn4401a, 584/604 [97%] isolates; predominantly with ATTGA-ATTGA target site duplications, 465/604 [77%] isolates), bla_KPC spread appears to have been supported by highly fluid, modular exchange of larger genetic segments among plasmid populations dominated by IncFIB (580/604 isolates), IncFII (545/604 isolates), and IncR (252/604 isolates) replicons. The subset of reconstructed plasmid sequences (21 isolates, 77 plasmids) also highlighted modular exchange among non-bla_KPC and bla_KPC plasmids and the common presence of multiple replicons within bla_KPC plasmid structures (>60%). The substantial genomic plasticity observed has important implications for our understanding of the epidemiology of transmissible carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales for the implementation of adequate surveillance approaches and for control.

It is well established that African Americans exhibit higher incidence, higher mortality, and more aggressive forms of some cancers, including those of breast, prostate, colon, stomach, and cervix. Here we examine the ancestral haplotype of the TRPV6 calcium channel as a putative genomic factor in this racial divide. The minor (ancestral) allele frequency is 60% in people of African ancestry, but between 1% and 11% in all other populations. Research on TRPV6 structure/function, its association with specific cancers, and the evolutionary-ecological conditions that impacted selection of its haplotypes are synthesized to provide evidence for TRPV6 as a germline susceptibility locus in cancer. Recently elucidated mechanisms of TRPV6 channel deactivation are discussed in relation to the location of the allele favored in selection, suggesting a reduced capacity to inactivate the channel in those who have the ancestral haplotype. This could result in an excessively high cellular Ca²⁺, which has been implicated in cancer, for those in settings where calcium intake is far higher than in their ancestral environment. A recent report associating increasing calcium intake with a pattern of increase in aggressive prostate cancer in African-American but not European-American men may be related. If TRPV6 is found to be associated with cancer, further research would be warranted to improve risk assessment and examine interventions with the aim of improving cancer outcomes for people of African ancestry.

Flexible displays for wearable devices can now be made using fish scales instead of plastic – and the new displays biodegrade within a month of being discarded

What is it that turns tough pork skin into amazing crackling? Sam Wong reveals the secret to that wonderful crispy crunch

The Government is to launch a review into why people from black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) backgrounds appear to be disproportionately affected by coronavirus.

Scheme by tech entrepreneur Elon Musk's SpaceX firm casts unique chain of lights in Britain's night skies

An RAF plane believed to be carrying a delayed consignment of personal protective equipment (PPE) for NHS staff has landed in the UK.

Canada's worst mass shooting started as a domestic dispute between the gunman and his girlfriend, who survived the attack, a police official has said.

The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) said this summer would mark its first ever "virtual" version of the event at Royal Hospital Chelsea, London.

A care home nurse used the knowledge she gained during the swine flu outbreak to help save the lives of 13 dementia patients who were displaying symptoms of the coronavirus.

Stargazers can expect to see up to 40 meteors per hour blaze through the night sky before sunrise on Wednesday

London's iconic Ritz hotel was sold for "half the market price" after conversations were secretly recorded by the nephews of the billionaire co-owner and a Saudi investor offering £1.3bn, the High Court has heard.

The United States on Friday objected to a proposed U.N. resolution on the coronavirus pandemic after diplomats said it had agreed to compromise language with China that didn’t directly mention the World Health Organization, an issue of growing dispute between the world’s two major economic powers. The U.S. objection to the Security Council resolution drafted by France and Tunisia reflects rising tensions between Washington and Beijing. It also leaves the U.N.’s most powerful body impotent on reacting to the greatest crisis facing the world — and unable to back Secretary-General Antonio Guterres’ March 23 call for global cease-fires to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, which diplomats said all 15 Security Council members agree on and is the main point of the resolution.

Pai’s “baffling” report ignores broadband gaps and high prices, Democrats say.

Dáreece Walker

The post The Pandemic Is Disproportionally Impacting Black, Latino, and Immigrant Communities appeared first on The Nation.

THE FRENCH DISPATCH is a love letter to journalists set in an outpost of an American newspaper in a fictional 20th-century French city and brings to life a collection of stories published in “The French Dispatch” magazine. It stars Benicio del Toro, Frances McDormand, Jeffrey Wright, Adrien Brody, Tilda Swinton, Timothée Chalamet, Léa Seydoux, Owen […]

The post The French Dispatch | Official Trailer appeared first on UKFilmNews.com.

Some hospital trusts have seen a dramatic drop in cancer referrals from GPs in recent weeks

Downing Street has replaced a trade minister who resigned when an investigation found he threatened a company chairman over a financial dispute with his father.

The French are facing social disparities in the face of the coronavirus pandemic. With long bread lines and tensions with police, the Paris suburbs are faring poorly under the lockdown.

Manchester United paid tribute to NHS workers battling the coronavirus pandemic at Old Trafford on Wednesday night.

Scottish Premiership club Hibernian will don the message "Thank you NHS" on their home kit next season.

Los avistamientos del avispón asiático gigante han provocado temores de que el insecto se establezca en Estados Unidos y extermine a las poblaciones de abejas.

Fines for cyclists who do not wear helmets in New South Wales are more expensive than anywhere else in Australia, and should be drastically lowered, according to university researchers.

The verbal altercation turned deadly.

The former Leafs forward commented on the physical appearances of Vancouver forward Tanner Pearson’s wife and Edmonton captain Connor McDavid’s girlfriend. He also called Capitals linemates Garnet Hathaway and Nick Dowd losers.

The authors explain why COVID-19 presents a greater burden for immigrant communities and this article advocates for a more equitable health care system.

Get clean, fresh romaine, arugula, or spring mix without wilting or a puddle of water at the bottom of your bowl.

A major Chinese mining company warns the Papua New Guinean Government it faces "significant negative impact" on bilateral relations with China if the company doesn't get a lease extension on a gold mine in the country.

Transurban reports to shareholders that construction on the West Gate Tunnel has been set back, with the project now expected to be completed by in 2023.

Disposable cups are currently the only option for most cafe owners to provide takeaway coffee to customers, but environmentalists are worried about the consequences.

Images of corpses in Ecuador stoked fear of the coronavirus' effect on developing nations. Infections have yet to peak elsewhere in Latin America.

Members of the Energy and Commerce Committee’s Health and Oversight and Investigations subcommittees today held a bipartisan teleconference forum with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Principal Deputy Director Anne Schuchat, M.D., to discuss racial disparities in health outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Health Subcommittee Chairwoman Anna G. Eshoo (D-CA), Health Subcommittee Ranking Member Michael C. Burgess, M.D. (R-TX), Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee Chair Diana DeGette (D-CO) and Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee Ranking Member Brett Guthrie (R-KY) released a joint statement following the call: “Today, bipartisan members of our two subcommittees discussed the deeply troubling racial disparities in health outcomes for COVID-19 patients with CDC’s Principal Deputy Director Schuchat.  During the call, members received an update on CDC’s COVID-19 response, current data collection efforts, and reiterated the need for more accurate and timely demographic data.  “Congress stands ready to work with the CDC to secure comprehensive demographic data to help us direct resources and support to close this gap in these health outcomes.” ###

Alexion Pharmaceuticals CEO Ludwig Hantson has made no secret that he wants to diversify his company’s drug portfolio and he has shown willingness to open the corporate checkbook to accomplish that goal. Last October, Alexion (NASDAQ: ALXN) struck a $930 million deal to acquire Achillion Pharmaceuticals, a biotech whose lead drug complements the Boston company’s […]

Being female is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s. Why?

-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com

Japanese electronics manufacturer Hitachi Displays Ltd., agreed to plead guilty and pay a $31 million fine for its role in a conspiracy to fix prices in the sale of Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display panels (TFT-LCD) sold to Dell Inc.

Western Energy Company, the operator of the Rosebud Mine on federal coal leases outside of Billings, Mont., has paid the United States more than $12 million in mineral royalties and accrued interest as the result of a settlement agreement. Under the agreement that was filed in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Western Energy has agreed to pay $12,239,538 in additional royalties and interest, 49 percent of which will be shared with the state of Montana because the production occurred on federal lands in that state.