aging High Calcium, Vitamin D Intake May Harm Aging Brain By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: High Calcium, Vitamin D Intake May Harm Aging BrainCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/2/2007 2:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/2/2007 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Mediterranean Diet Helps Protect Aging Brain By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Mediterranean Diet Helps Protect Aging BrainCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/27/2010 8:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/27/2010 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Health Tip: Managing Shoulder Arthritis By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Health Tip: Managing Shoulder ArthritisCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/28/2010 8:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/28/2010 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Imaging Costs Soar for Medicare Cancer Patients By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Imaging Costs Soar for Medicare Cancer PatientsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/27/2010 4:10:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 4/28/2010 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Is Drinking Wine a Key to Antiaging? By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Is Drinking Wine a Key to Antiaging?Category: Health NewsCreated: 4/28/2010 9:36:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/28/2010 9:36:34 AM Full Article
aging Music Lessons as Child May Keep Aging Minds Sharp By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Music Lessons as Child May Keep Aging Minds SharpCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/23/2011 11:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/25/2011 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging For a Healthy Aging Brain, 'Use It or Lose It' By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: For a Healthy Aging Brain, 'Use It or Lose It'Category: Health NewsCreated: 4/28/2012 11:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/30/2012 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Health Tip: Managing a Hammertoe By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Health Tip: Managing a HammertoeCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/4/2012 8:05:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/4/2012 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Health Tip: Managing Varicose Veins By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Health Tip: Managing Varicose VeinsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/26/2016 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/26/2016 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Seniors Often Have Trouble Managing Money, Medicines By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Seniors Often Have Trouble Managing Money, MedicinesCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/28/2017 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/1/2017 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Tobacco Companies Must Put New Warnings on Packaging, Court Says By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Tobacco Companies Must Put New Warnings on Packaging, Court SaysCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/1/2018 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Simple Drug Packaging Change Could Save Toddlers' Lives By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Simple Drug Packaging Change Could Save Toddlers' LivesCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/3/2018 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/3/2018 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Health Tip: Managing Nausea for Cancer Patients By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Health Tip: Managing Nausea for Cancer PatientsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Mindfulness a Powerful Tool for Aging By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Fri, 3 Apr 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Mindfulness a Powerful Tool for AgingCategory: Health NewsCreated: 4/2/2020 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 4/3/2020 12:00:00 AM Full Article
aging Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases [Thematic Reviews] By www.jlr.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:05:27-07:00 Lipid rafts are small, dynamic membrane areas characterized by the clustering of selected membrane lipids as the result of the spontaneous separation of glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol in a liquid-ordered phase. The exact dynamics underlying phase separation of membrane lipids in the complex biological membranes are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, alterations in the membrane lipid composition affect the lateral organization of molecules belonging to lipid rafts. Neural lipid rafts are found in brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and are characterized by a high enrichment of specific lipids depending on the cell type. These lipid rafts seem to organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating the homeostasis of the brain. The progressive decline of brain performance along with physiological aging is at least in part associated with alterations in the composition and structure of neural lipid rafts. In addition, neurodegenerative conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases, are frequently characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, which in turn affects the structure of lipid rafts. Several events underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases appear to depend on the altered composition of lipid rafts. Thus, the structure and function of lipid rafts play a central role in the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases. Full Article
aging Engaging the Power of Communities for Better Health By www.ncmedicaljournal.com Published On :: 2020-05-04T06:50:30-07:00 Authentically engaging community residents is necessary to impact social drivers of health. Acknowledging the value of residents' lived experiences in the planning, implementation, and financial decisions of community engagement initiatives is key. Sustainability of community engagement initiatives depends on open communication and follow-through on commitments. Full Article
aging Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary arterial compliance after pulmonary endarterectomy By erj.ersjournals.com Published On :: 2020-05-07T01:15:55-07:00 Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the treatment of choice of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) [1]. However, successfully operated patients may continue to suffer from dyspnoea and limitation of exercise capacity, despite improvement or even normalisation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) [2]. This absence of complete symptomatic recovery has been explained by a decreased right ventricular (RV) function reserve due to persistent increased afterload [3, 4], related to decreased pulmonary arterial compliance (PCa) more than to mildly increased PVR [5, 6]. There is therefore interest in assessing PCa in patients during the follow-up of PEA. Full Article
aging Providing the Evidence for Managing Depression in Pregnancy By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T01:00:46-07:00 Full Article
aging Sample multiplexing for targeted pathway proteomics in aging mice [Systems Biology] By www.pnas.org Published On :: 2020-05-05T10:31:24-07:00 Pathway proteomics strategies measure protein expression changes in specific cellular processes that carry out related functions. Using targeted tandem mass tags-based sample multiplexing, hundreds of proteins can be quantified across 10 or more samples simultaneously. To facilitate these highly complex experiments, we introduce a strategy that provides complete control over... Full Article
aging Single-cell O2 exchange imaging shows that cytoplasmic diffusion is a dominant barrier to efficient gas transport in red blood cells [Physiology] By www.pnas.org Published On :: 2020-05-05T10:31:24-07:00 Disorders of oxygen transport are commonly attributed to inadequate carrying capacity (anemia) but may also relate to inefficient gas exchange by red blood cells (RBCs), a process that is poorly characterized yet assumed to be rapid. Without direct measurements of gas exchange at the single-cell level, the barriers to O2... Full Article
aging Moderation of mitochondrial respiration mitigates metabolic syndrome of aging [Biochemistry] By www.pnas.org Published On :: 2020-05-05T10:31:24-07:00 Deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics leads to the accumulation of oxidative stress and unhealthy mitochondria; consequently, this accumulation contributes to premature aging and alterations in mitochondria linked to metabolic complications. We postulate that restrained mitochondrial ATP synthesis might alleviate age-associated disorders and extend healthspan in mammals. Herein, we prepared a previously... Full Article
aging Whale sharks increase swimming effort while filter feeding, but appear to maintain high foraging efficiencies [RESEARCH ARTICLE] By jeb.biologists.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T02:24:22-07:00 David E. Cade, J. Jacob Levenson, Robert Cooper, Rafael de la Parra, D. Harry Webb, and Alistair D. M. DoveWhale sharks (Rhincodon typus Smith 1828) – the largest extant fish species – reside in tropical environments, making them an exception to the general rule that animal size increases with latitude. How this largest fish thrives in tropical environments that promote high metabolism but support less robust zooplankton communities has not been sufficiently explained. We used open-source inertial measurement units (IMU) to log 397 hours of whale shark behavior in Yucatan, Mexico, at a site of both active feeding and intense wildlife tourism. Here we show that the strategies employed by whale sharks to compensate for the increased drag of an open mouth are similar to ram-feeders five orders of magnitude smaller and one order of magnitude larger. Presumed feeding constituted 20% of the total time budget of four sharks, with individual feeding bouts lasting up to 11 consecutive hrs. Compared to normal, sub-surface swimming, three sharks increased their stroke rate and amplitude while surface feeding, while one shark that fed at depth did not demonstrate a greatly increased energetic cost. Additionally, based on time-depth budgets, we estimate that aerial surveys of shark populations should consider including a correction factor of 3 to account for the proportion of daylight hours that sharks are not visible at the surface. With foraging bouts generally lasting several hours, interruptions to foraging during critical feeding periods may represent substantial energetic costs to these endangered species, and this study presents baseline data from which management decisions affecting tourist interactions with whale sharks may be made. Full Article
aging SerpinB2 Regulates Immune Response in Kidney Injury and Aging By jasn.asnjournals.org Published On :: 2020-04-30T10:00:29-07:00 Background Expression of SerpinB2, a regulator of inflammatory processes, has been described in the context of macrophage activation and cellular senescence. Given that mechanisms for these processes interact and can shape kidney disease, it seems plausible that SerpinB2 might play a role in renal aging, injury, and repair. Methods We subjected SerpinB2 knockout mice to ischemia-reperfusion injury or unilateral ureteral obstruction. We performed phagocyte depletion to study SerpinB2’s role beyond the effects of macrophages and transplanted bone marrow from knockout mice to wild-type mice and vice versa to dissect cell type–dependent effects. Primary tubular cells and macrophages from SerpinB2 knockout and wild-type mice were used for functional studies and transcriptional profiling. Results Cultured senescent tubular cells, kidneys of aged mice, and renal stress models exhibited upregulation of SerpinB2 expression. Functionally, lack of SerpinB2 in aged knockout mice had no effect on the magnitude of senescence markers but associated with enhanced kidney damage and fibrosis. In stress models, inflammatory cell infiltration was initially lower in knockout mice but later increased, leading to an accumulation of significantly more macrophages. SerpinB2 knockout tubular cells showed significantly reduced expression of the chemokine CCL2. Macrophages from knockout mice exhibited reduced phagocytosis and enhanced migration. Macrophage depletion and bone marrow transplantation experiments validated the functional relevance of these cell type–specific functions of SerpinB2. Conclusions SerpinB2 influences tubule-macrophage crosstalk by supporting tubular CCL2 expression and regulating macrophage phagocytosis and migration. In mice, SerpinB2 expression seems to be needed for coordination and timely resolution of inflammation, successful repair, and kidney homeostasis during aging. Implications of SerpinB2 in human kidney disease deserve further exploration. Full Article
aging Seismic imaging of melanges; Pieniny Klippen Belt case study By jgs.lyellcollection.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T02:10:48-07:00 The authors present results of the first high-resolution deep seismic reflection survey in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB) in Poland. This survey sheds new light on the matter of olistostromes and the mélange character of the PKB. The sedimentary mass-transport deposits represented by olistoliths and olistostromes manifest themselves by different petrophysical parameters of rocks (velocity, density and resistivity) and seismic attributes. Seismic attributes are very effective in the interpretation of the geology of complex mélanges. The authors used selected attributes: low-pass filter, energy, energy gradient, dip-steered median filter, Prewitt filter, Laplacian edge enhancing filter and square root of the energy gradient. These attributes emphasize changes of the seismic image inside mélange zones. The distinguished olistoliths are now inside imbricated thrust structures and they are tectonically rearranged. Polygenetic mélanges in the PKB originated as a result of sedimentary and tectonic processes. The PKB in the investigated area forms several north-vergent thrust sheets belonging to the Złatne and Hulina nappes. Both nappes contain large chaotic, non-reflective olistoliths as well as the smaller mainly high-reflective olistoliths. Olistoliths are arranged parallel to the flysch layering and thrusts. The results presented confirm the postulated two olistostrome belts within the PKB structure. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Polygenetic mélanges collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/polygenetic-melanges Full Article
aging Clinical and imaging features of children with autoimmune encephalitis and MOG antibodies By nn.neurology.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T12:45:10-07:00 Objective To describe the presentations, radiologic features, and outcomes of children with autoimmune encephalitis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG abs). Methods Identification of children fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for possible autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and testing positive for serum MOG abs. Chart review and comprehensive analysis of serum MOG abs using live cell assays and rat brain immunohistochemistry. Results Ten children (4 girls, 6 boys) with AE and serum MOG abs were identified. The median age at onset was 8.0 years (range: 4–16 years). Children presented with a combination of encephalopathy (10/10), headache (7/10), focal neurologic signs (7/10), or seizures (6/10). CSF pleocytosis was common (9/10, median 80 white cell count/μL, range: 21–256). Imaging showed cortical and deep gray matter involvement in all in addition to juxtacortical signal alterations in 6/10 children. No involvement of other white matter structures or contrast enhancement was noted. MOG abs were detected in all children (median titer 1:640; range: 1:320–1:10,540). Nine children had a favorable outcome at discharge (modified Rankin scale of < 2). Five of 10 children had up to 3 additional demyelinating relapses associated with persisting MOG abs. One child had NMDA receptor (NMDAR) abs at initial presentation. A second child had a third demyelinating episode with MOG abs with overlapping NMDAR encephalitis. Discussion AE associated with serum MOG abs represents a distinct form of autoantibody-mediated encephalitis in children. We therefore recommend including MOG abs testing in the workup of children with suspected AE. Full Article
aging Leveraging mouse chromatin data for heritability enrichment informs common disease architecture and reveals cortical layer contributions to schizophrenia [RESEARCH] By genome.cshlp.org Published On :: 2020-04-27T12:09:23-07:00 Genome-wide association studies have implicated thousands of noncoding variants across common human phenotypes. However, they cannot directly inform the cellular context in which disease-associated variants act. Here, we use open chromatin profiles from discrete mouse cell populations to address this challenge. We applied stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression and evaluated heritability enrichment in 64 genome-wide association studies, emphasizing schizophrenia. We provide evidence that mouse-derived human open chromatin profiles can serve as powerful proxies for difficult to obtain human cell populations, facilitating the illumination of common disease heritability enrichment across an array of human phenotypes. We demonstrate that signatures from discrete subpopulations of cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons are significantly enriched for schizophrenia heritability with maximal enrichment in cortical layer V excitatory neurons. We also show that differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are concentrated in excitatory neurons in cortical layers II-III, IV, and V, as well as the dentate gyrus. Finally, we leverage these data to fine-map variants in 177 schizophrenia loci nominating variants in 104/177. We integrate these data with transcription factor binding site, chromatin interaction, and validated enhancer data, placing variants in the cellular context where they may modulate risk. Full Article
aging Imaging Inflammation in Atherosclerosis with CXCR4-Directed 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT: Correlation with 18F-FDG PET/CT By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is expressed on the surface of various cell types involved in atherosclerosis, with a particularly rich receptor expression on macrophages and T cells. First pilot studies with 68Ga-pentixafor, a novel CXCR4-directed PET tracer, have shown promise to noninvasively image inflammation within atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the performance of 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT for imaging atherosclerosis in comparison to 18F-FDG PET/CT. Methods: Ninety-two patients (37 women and 55 men; mean age, 62 ± 10 y) underwent 68Ga-pentixafor and 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging of oncologic diseases. In these subjects, lesions in the walls of large arteries were identified using morphologic and PET criteria for atherosclerosis (n = 652). Tracer uptake was measured and adjusted for vascular lumen (background) signal by calculation of target-to-background ratios (TBRs) by 2 investigators masked to the other PET scan. On a lesion-to-lesion and patient basis, the TBRs of both PET tracers were compared and additionally correlated to the degree of arterial calcification as quantified in CT. Results: On a lesion-to-lesion basis, 68Ga-pentixafor and 18F-FDG uptake showed a weak correlation (r = 0.28; P < 0.01). 68Ga-pentixafor PET identified more lesions (n = 290; TBR ≥ 1.6, P < 0.01) and demonstrated higher uptake than 18F-FDG PET (1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 1.4 ± 0.4; P < 0.01). The degree of plaque calcification correlated negatively with both 68Ga-pentixafor and 18F-FDG uptake (r = –0.38 vs. –0.31, both P < 0.00001). Conclusion: CXCR4-directed imaging of the arterial wall with 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT identified more lesions than 18F-FDG PET/CT, with only a weak correlation between tracers. Further studies to elucidate the underlying biologic mechanisms and sources of CXCR4 positivity, and to investigate the clinical utility of chemokine receptor–directed imaging of atherosclerosis, are highly warranted. Full Article
aging Imaging DNA Damage Repair In Vivo After 177Lu-DOTATATE Therapy By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 Molecular radiotherapy using 177Lu-DOTATATE is a most effective treatment for somatostatin receptor–expressing neuroendocrine tumors. Despite its frequent and successful use in the clinic, little or no radiobiologic considerations are made at the time of treatment planning or delivery. On positive uptake on octreotide-based PET/SPECT imaging, treatment is usually administered as a standard dose and number of cycles without adjustment for peptide uptake, dosimetry, or radiobiologic and DNA damage effects in the tumor. Here, we visualized and quantified the extent of DNA damage response after 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy using SPECT imaging with 111In-anti-H2AX-TAT. This work was a proof-of-principle study of this in vivo noninvasive biodosimeter with β-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Methods: Six cell lines were exposed to external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or 177Lu-DOTATATE, after which the number of H2AX foci and the clonogenic survival were measured. Mice bearing CA20948 somatostatin receptor–positive tumor xenografts were treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE or sham-treated and coinjected with 111In-anti-H2AX-TAT, 111In-IgG-TAT control, or vehicle. Results: Clonogenic survival after external-beam radiotherapy was cell-line–specific, indicating varying levels of intrinsic radiosensitivity. Regarding in vitro cell lines treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE, clonogenic survival decreased and H2AX foci increased for cells expressing high levels of somatostatin receptor subtype 2. Ex vivo measurements revealed a partial correlation between 177Lu-DOTATATE uptake and H2AX focus induction between different regions of CA20948 xenograft tumors, suggesting that different parts of the tumor may react differentially to 177Lu-DOTATATE irradiation. Conclusion: 111In-anti-H2AX-TAT allows monitoring of DNA damage after 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy and reveals heterogeneous damage responses. Full Article
aging Intraindividual Comparison of 18F-PSMA-1007 with Renally Excreted PSMA Ligands for PSMA PET Imaging in Patients with Relapsed Prostate Cancer By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 is excreted mainly through the liver. We benchmarked the performance of 18F-PSMA-1007 against 3 renally excreted PSMA tracers. Methods: Among 668 patients, we selected 27 in whom PET/CT results obtained with 68Ga-PSMA-11, 18F-DCFPyL (2-(3-(1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl)-ureido)-pentanedioic acid), or 18F-JK-PSMA-7 (JK, Juelich-Koeln) were interpreted as equivocal or negative or as oligometastatic disease (PET-1). Within 3 wk, a second PET scan with 18F-PSMA-1007 was performed (PET-2). The confidence in the interpretation of PSMA-positive locoregional findings was scored on a 5-point scale, first in routine diagnostics (reader 1) and then by an independent second evaluation (reader 2). Discordant PSMA-positive skeletal findings were examined by contrast-enhanced MRI. Results: For both readers, 18F-PSMA-1007 facilitated the interpretability of 27 locoregional lesions. In PET-2, the clinical readout led to a significantly lower number of equivocal locoregional lesions (P = 0.024), and reader 2 reported a significantly higher rate of suspected lesions that were falsely interpreted as probably benign in PET-1 (P = 0.023). Exclusively in PET-2, we observed a total of 15 PSMA-positive spots in the bone marrow of 6 patients (22%). None of the 15 discordant spots had a morphologic correlate on the corresponding CT scan or on the subsequent MRI scan. Thus, 18F-PSMA-1007 exhibits a significantly higher rate of unspecific medullary spots (P = 0.0006). Conclusion: 18F-PSMA-1007 may increase confidence in interpreting small locoregional lesions adjacent to the urinary tract but may decrease the interpretability of skeletal lesions. Full Article
aging Histologically Confirmed Diagnostic Efficacy of 18F-rhPSMA-7 PET for N-Staging of Patients with Primary High-Risk Prostate Cancer By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 18F-rhPSMA-7 (radiohybrid prostate-specific membrane antigen [PSMA]) is a novel ligand for PET imaging. Here, we present data from a retrospective analysis using PET/CT and PET/MRI examinations to investigate the efficacy of 18F-rhPSMA-7 PET for primary N-staging of patients with prostate cancer (PC) compared with morphologic imaging (CT or MRI) and validated by histopathology. Methods: Data from 58 patients with high-risk PC (according to the D’Amico criteria) who were staged with 18F-rhPSMA-7 PET/CT or PET/MRI at our institution between July 2017 and June 2018 were reviewed. The patients had a median prescan prostate-specific antigen value of 12.2 ng/mL (range, 1.2–81.6 ng/mL). The median injected activity of 18F-rhPSMA-7 was 327 MBq (range, 132–410 MBq), with a median uptake time of 79.5 min (range, 60–153 min). All patients underwent subsequent radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. The presence of lymph node metastases was determined by an experienced reader independently for both the PET and the morphologic datasets using a template-based analysis on a 5-point scale. Patient-level and template-based results were both compared with histopathologic findings. Results: Lymph node metastases were present in 18 patients (31.0%) and were located in 52 of 375 templates (13.9%). Receiver-operating-characteristic analyses showed 18F-rhPSMA-7 PET to perform significantly better than morphologic imaging on both patient-based and template-based analyses (areas under curve, 0.858 vs. 0.649 [P = 0.012] and 0.765 vs. 0.589 [P < 0.001], respectively). On patient-based analyses, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-rhPSMA-7 PET were 72.2%, 92.5%, and 86.2%, respectively, and those of morphologic imaging were 50.0%, 72.5%, and 65.5%, respectively. On template-based analyses, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-rhPSMA-7 PET were 53.8%, 96.9%, and 90.9%, respectively, and those of morphologic imaging were 9.6%, 95.0%, and 83.2%, respectively. Conclusion: 18F-rhPSMA-7 PET is superior to morphologic imaging for N-staging of high-risk primary PC. The efficacy of 18F-rhPSMA-7 is similar to published data for 68Ga-PSMA-11. Full Article
aging Proposal for Systemic-Therapy Response-Assessment Criteria at the Time of PSMA PET/CT Imaging: The PSMA PET Progression Criteria By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 In around 20% of men with prostate cancer, metastasis develops during the course of their disease. Accordingly, discovering and developing new potent treatment strategies for patients with metastatic prostate cancer has been a major research focus during the last few decades. Identifying disease progression, especially within clinical trials, is essential in determining drug effectiveness. One major remaining question is how best to define disease progression. The criteria of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG2) include clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as conventional imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and bone scan findings, but advanced molecular imaging techniques, especially prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET findings, are not considered. This is a problem because PSMA PET is used not only for detecting biochemical recurrence but also for restaging and as an intermediate-endpoint biomarker in ongoing clinical trials. Therefore, response criteria and PSMA PET progression (PPP) criteria need to be established with some urgency. The intent of this article is therefore to define prostate cancer progression by PSMA PET criteria. Our PPP proposal is based on the same principles as were applied for the PCGW2 criteria but adds value by including PSMA PET criteria. PPP defines PSMA treatment response using 3 different criteria. The first is the appearance of 2 or more new PSMA-positive distant lesions. The second is the appearance of 1 new PSMA-positive lesion plus consistent clinical or laboratory data and recommended confirmation by biopsy or correlative imaging within 3 mo of PSMA PET. The third is an increase in size or PSMA uptake of 1 or more existing lesions by at least 30%, plus consistent clinical or laboratory data or confirmation by biopsy or correlative imaging within 3 mo of PSMA PET. Full Article
aging Back-Table Fluorescence-Guided Imaging for Circumferential Resection Margin Evaluation Using Bevacizumab-800CW in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 Negative circumferential resection margins (CRM) are the cornerstone for the curative treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, in up to 18.6% of patients, tumor-positive resection margins are detected on histopathology. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the feasibility of optical molecular imaging as a tool for evaluating the CRM directly after surgical resection to improve tumor-negative CRM rates. Methods: LARC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy received an intravenous bolus injection of 4.5 mg of bevacizumab-800CW, a fluorescent tracer targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A, 2–3 d before surgery (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01972373). First, for evaluation of the CRM status, back-table fluorescence-guided imaging (FGI) of the fresh surgical resection specimens (n = 8) was performed. These results were correlated with histopathology results. Second, for determination of the sensitivity and specificity of bevacizumab-800CW for tumor detection, a mean fluorescence intensity cutoff value was determined from the formalin-fixed tissue slices (n = 42; 17 patients). Local bevacizumab-800CW accumulation was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Results: Back-table FGI correctly identified a tumor-positive CRM by high fluorescence intensities in 1 of 2 patients (50%) with a tumor-positive CRM. For the other patient, low fluorescence intensities were shown, although (sub)millimeter tumor deposits were present less than 1 mm from the CRM. FGI correctly identified 5 of 6 tumor-negative CRM (83%). The 1 patient with false-positive findings had a marginal negative CRM of only 1.4 mm. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the fluorescence intensities of formalin-fixed tissue slices yielded an optimal mean fluorescence intensity cutoff value for tumor detection of 5,775 (sensitivity of 96.19% and specificity of 80.39%). Bevacizumab-800CW enabled a clear differentiation between tumor and normal tissue up to a microscopic level, with a tumor-to-background ratio of 4.7 ± 2.5 (mean ± SD). Conclusion: In this proof-of-concept study, we showed the potential of back-table FGI for evaluating the CRM status in LARC patients. Optimization of this technique with adaptation of standard operating procedures could change perioperative decision making with regard to extending resections or applying intraoperative radiation therapy in the case of positive CRM. Full Article
aging Molecular Imaging in the Era of Precision Medicine: Paraganglioma as a Template for Understanding Multiple Levels of Analysis By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 Full Article
aging Genetic Determinants of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Imaging Phenotypes By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 Parallel to the application of new PET radiopharmaceuticals for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (collectively named PPGLs) imaging, several studies have increased our understanding on their biology, genetics, metabolomics, and embryologic origin. In this review, we highlight the current relationship between genotypes and molecular imaging phenotypes. Additionally, we summarize the referral guidelines for imaging of PPGL patients with or without knowledge of their genetic background. Full Article
aging Imaging Responses to Immunotherapy with Novel PET Tracers By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:31:37-07:00 Full Article
aging Managing Excipient Supplier Name and Address Changes in the Pharmaceutical Quality System By journal.pda.org Published On :: 2020-04-09T09:40:03-07:00 It is important to identify, assess, and address current barriers to implementation of post-approval changes that are intended to ensure continued (uninterrupted) operations and drive innovation and continual improvement in a maximally efficient, agile, and flexible pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. Leveraging the International Conference for Harmonisation Quality Guideline Q10 provides regulatory relief when it comes to addressing changes related to excipients, specifically excipient supplier's name and address changes, which will ensure a sustainable, reliable global supply and the availability of high quality product to patients through the entire commercial lifecycle of a product without extensive regulatory oversight. Full Article
aging Disinfectant Efficacy: Understanding the Expectations and How to Design Effective Studies That Include Leveraging Multi-Site Data to Drive an Efficient Program By journal.pda.org Published On :: 2020-04-09T09:40:03-07:00 For manufacturers of both sterile and nonsterile pharmaceuticals, there is an expectation that the manufacturing process is performed in a manner that prevents extraneous contamination so that the products are provided in a safe, integral, pure, and unadulterated form. As part of that process, cleaning and disinfection are an absolute necessity. Although cleaning and disinfection support control of microbial contamination through preventive and corrective action, specific compendia methods do not currently exist. The intent of this paper is to provide a general guidance on how to perform disinfectant efficacy validation and implementation. This includes how to make sure the concepts are understood, how to interpret facility data and utilize it to demonstrate control awareness for your facilities, and how to leverage the data to reduce redundancies in validation or verification. This paper represents the thoughts and best practices of the authoring team and their respective companies and provides an efficient way to qualify disinfectants without impacting the quality of the study. If you choose to follow the recommendations in this paper, you must ensure that the appropriate rationale is sound and the scientific data is documented. It is the belief of the authoring team that only then will this approach meet regulatory requirements. Full Article
aging Diabetes, Cognitive Decline, and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging Results (HCHS/SOL) By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-04-20T12:00:33-07:00 OBJECTIVE Hispanics/Latinos are the largest ethnic/racial group in the U.S., have the highest prevalence of diabetes, and are at increased risk for neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, little is known about the relationship between diabetes and cognitive decline and disorders among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. The purpose of this study is to clarify these relationships in diverse middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Study of Latinos–Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) is an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). HCHS/SOL is a multisite (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA), probability-sampled (i.e., representative of targeted populations), and prospective cohort study. Between 2016 and 2018, SOL-INCA enrolled diverse Hispanics/Latinos aged ≥50 years (n = 6,377). Global cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were the primary outcomes. RESULTS Prevalent diabetes at visit 1, but not incident diabetes at visit 2, was associated with significantly steeper global cognitive decline (βGC = –0.16 [95% CI –0.25; –0.07]; P < 0.001), domain-specific cognitive decline, and higher odds of MCI (odds ratio 1.74 [95% CI 1.34; 2.26]; P < 0.001) compared with no diabetes in age- and sex-adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes was associated with cognitive decline and increased MCI prevalence among diverse Hispanics/Latinos, primarily among those with prevalent diabetes at visit 1. Our findings suggest that significant cognitive decline and MCI may be considered additional disease complications of diabetes among diverse middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos. Full Article
aging Managing patients with COVID-19 infections: a first-hand experience from the Wuhan Mobile Cabin Hospital By bjgp.org Published On :: 2020-04-30T16:04:41-07:00 Full Article
aging COVID-19 and the Inpatient Dialysis Unit: Managing Resources during Contingency Planning Pre-Crisis By cjasn.asnjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-07T10:00:25-07:00 Full Article
aging In Vivo Imaging of Venous Thrombus and Pulmonary Embolism Using Novel Murine Venous Thromboembolism Model By www.basictranslational.onlinejacc.org Published On :: 2020-04-27T11:00:20-07:00 This work established a new murine venous thromboembolism (VTE) model. This model has multiple novel features representing clinical VTE that include the following: 1) deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was formed and extended in the long axis of femoral/saphenous vein; 2) thrombus was formed in a venous valve pocket; 3) deligation of suture-induced spontaneous pulmonary emboli of fibrin-rich DVT; and 4) cardiac motion-free femoral/saphenous vein allowed high-resolution intravital microscopic imaging of fibrin-rich DVT. This new model requires only commercially available epifluorescence microscopy. Therefore, this model has significant potential for better understanding of VTE pathophysiology. Full Article
aging A Novel GUCY2C-CD3 T-Cell Engaging Bispecific Construct (PF-07062119) for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers By clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:05:36-07:00 Purpose: Gastrointestinal cancers remain areas of high unmet need despite advances in targeted and immunotherapies. Here, we demonstrate potent, tumor-selective efficacy with PF-07062119, a T-cell engaging CD3 bispecific targeting tumors expressing Guanylyl Cyclase C (GUCY2C), which is expressed widely across colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies. In addition, to address immune evasion mechanisms, we explore combinations with immune checkpoint blockade agents and with antiangiogenesis therapy. Experimental Design: PF-07062119 activity was evaluated in vitro in multiple tumor cell lines, and in vivo in established subcutaneous and orthotopic human colorectal cancer xenograft tumors with adoptive transfer of human T cells. Efficacy was also evaluated in mouse syngeneic tumors using human CD3 transgenic mice. IHC and mass cytometry were performed to demonstrate drug biodistribution, recruitment of activated T cells, and to identify markers of immune evasion. Combination studies were performed with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-VEGF antibodies. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies were done in cynomolgus macaque. Results: We demonstrate that GUCY2C-positive tumors can be targeted with an anti-GUCY2C/anti-CD3 bispecific, with selective drug biodistribution to tumors. PF-07062119 showed potent T-cell–mediated in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy in multiple colorectal cancer human xenograft tumor models, including KRAS- and BRAF-mutant tumors, as well as in the immunocompetent mouse syngeneic tumor model. PF-07062119 activity was further enhanced when combined with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment or in combination with antiangiogenic therapy. Toxicity studies in cynomolgus indicated a monitorable and manageable toxicity profile. Conclusions: These data highlight the potential for PF-07062119 to demonstrate efficacy and improve patient outcomes in colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies. Full Article
aging Efficacy of Affibody-Based Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Vascular B7-H3 for Breast Cancer Detection By clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:05:36-07:00 Purpose: Human B7-H3 (hB7-H3) is a promising molecular imaging target differentially expressed on the neovasculature of breast cancer and has been validated for preclinical ultrasound (US) imaging with anti–B7-H3-antibody-functionalized microbubbles (MB). However, smaller ligands such as affibodies (ABY) are more suitable for the design of clinical-grade targeted MB. Experimental Design: Binding of ABYB7-H3 was confirmed with soluble and cell-surface B7-H3 by flow cytometry. MB were functionalized with ABYB7-H3 or anti–B7-H3-antibody (AbB7-H3). Control and targeted MB were tested for binding to hB7-H3–expressing cells (MS1hB7-H3) under shear stress conditions. US imaging was performed with MBABY-B7-H3 in an orthotopic mouse model of human MDA-MB-231 coimplanted with MS1hB7-H3 or control MS1WT cells and a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer development. Results: ABYB7-H3 specifically binds to MS1hB7-H3 and murine-B7-H3–expressing monocytes. MBABY-B7-H3 (8.5 ± 1.4 MB/cell) and MBAb-B7-H3 (9.8 ± 1.3 MB/cell) showed significantly higher (P < 0.0001) binding to the MS1hB7-H3 cells compared with control MBNon-targeted (0.5 ± 0.1 MB/cell) under shear stress conditions. In vivo, MBABY-B7-H3 produced significantly higher (P < 0.04) imaging signal in orthotopic tumors coengrafted with MS1hB7-H3 (8.4 ± 3.3 a.u.) compared with tumors with MS1WT cells (1.4 ± 1.0 a.u.). In the transgenic mouse tumors, MBABY-B7-H3 (9.6 ± 2.0 a.u.) produced higher (P < 0.0002) imaging signal compared with MBNon-targeted (1.3 ± 0.3 a.u.), whereas MBABY-B7-H3 signal in normal mammary glands and tumors with B7-H3 blocking significantly reduced (P < 0.02) imaging signal. Conclusions: MBABY-B7-H3 enhances B7-H3 molecular signal in breast tumors, improving cancer detection, while offering the advantages of a small size ligand and easier production for clinical imaging. Full Article
aging [PERSPECTIVES] Discouraging Elective Genetic Testing of Minors: A Norm under Siege in a New Era of Genomic Medicine By perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org Published On :: 2020-05-01T06:30:15-07:00 Consistently, the field of genetic counseling has advocated that parents be advised to defer elective genetic testing of minors until adulthood to prevent a range of potential harms, including stigma, discrimination, and the loss of the child's ability to decide for him- or herself as an adult. However, consensus around the policy of "defer-when-possible" obscures the extent to which this norm is currently under siege. Increasingly, routine use of full or partial genome sequencing challenges our ability to control what is discovered in childhood or, when applied in a prenatal context, even before birth. The expansion of consumer-initiated genetic testing services challenges our ability to restrict what is available to minors. As the barriers to access crumble, medical professionals should proceed with caution, bearing in mind potential risks and continuing to assess the impact of genetic testing on this vulnerable population. Full Article
aging Assessment of Apparent Internal Carotid Tandem Occlusion on High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging: Comparison with Digital Subtraction Angiography [EXTRACRANIAL VASCULAR] By www.ajnr.org Published On :: 2020-04-09T06:30:48-07:00 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Not all tandem occlusions diagnosed on traditional vascular imaging modalities, such as MRA, represent actual complete ICA occlusion. This study aimed to explore the utility of high-resolution vessel wall imaging in identifying true ICA tandem occlusions and screening patients for their suitability for endovascular recanalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with no signal in the ICA on MRA were retrospectively reviewed. Two neuroradiologists independently reviewed their high-resolution vessel wall images to assess whether there were true tandem occlusions and categorized all cases into intracranial ICA occlusion, extracranial ICA occlusion, tandem occlusion, or near-occlusion. DSA classified patient images into the same 4 categories, which were used as the comparison with high-resolution vessel wall imaging. The suitability for recanalization of occluded vessels was evaluated on high-resolution vessel wall imaging compared with DSA. RESULTS: Forty-five patients with no ICA signal on MRA who had available high-resolution vessel wall imaging and DSA images were included. Among the 34 patients (34/45, 75.6%) with tandem occlusions on DSA, 18 cases also showed tandem occlusions on high-resolution vessel wall imaging. The remaining 16 patients, intracranial ICA, extracranial ICA occlusions and near-occlusions were found in 2, 6, and 8 patients, respectively, on the basis of high-resolution vessel wall imaging. A total of 20 cases (20/45, 44.4%) were considered suitable for recanalization on the basis of both DSA and high-resolution vessel wall imaging. Among the 25 patients deemed unsuitable for recanalization by DSA, 11 were deemed suitable for recanalization by high-resolution vessel wall imaging. CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution vessel wall imaging could allow identification of true ICA tandem occlusion in patients with an absence of signal on MRA. Findings on high-resolution vessel wall imaging can be used to screen more suitable candidates for recanalization therapy. Full Article
aging MRI Vessel Wall Imaging after Intra-Arterial Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke [INTERVENTIONAL] By www.ajnr.org Published On :: 2020-04-09T06:30:48-07:00 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vessel wall imaging is increasingly performed in the diagnostic work-up of patients with ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to compare vessel wall enhancement after intra-arterial thrombosuction with that in patients not treated with thrombosuction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2009 to 2017, forty-nine patients with an ischemic stroke underwent 7T MR imaging within 3 months after symptom onset as part of a prospective intracranial vessel wall imaging study. Fourteen of these patients underwent intra-arterial treatment using thrombosuction (intra-arterial treatment group). In the intra-arterial treatment group, vessel walls were evaluated for major vessel wall changes. All patients underwent pre- and postcontrast vessel wall imaging to assess enhancing foci of the vessel wall using coregistered subtraction images. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to test for differences. RESULTS: In the intra-arterial treatment group, 11 of 14 patients (79%) showed vessel wall enhancement compared with 17 of 35 patients without intra-arterial treatment (49%). In the intra-arterial treatment group, more enhancing foci were detected on the ipsilateral side (n = 18.5) compared with the contralateral side (n = 3, P = .005). Enhancement was more often concentric on the ipsilateral side (n = 8) compared with contralateral side (n = 0, P = .01). No differences were found in the group without intra-arterial treatment between the number and configuration of ipsilateral and contralateral enhancing foci. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with intra-arterial treatment by means of thrombosuction showed more (concentric) enhancing foci of the vessel wall ipsilateral compared with contralateral to the treated artery than the patients without intra-arterial treatment, suggesting reactive changes of the vessel wall. This finding should be taken into account when assessing vessel wall MR images in patients with stroke. Full Article
aging Suspected Metallic Embolization Distal to Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms Detectable by Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging [INTERVENTIONAL] By www.ajnr.org Published On :: 2020-04-09T06:30:48-07:00 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms, round dark parenchymal lesions believed to be particulate metal are sometimes encountered in MR imaging studies of the brain. We used SWI to assess the frequency of such occurrences, in addition to exploring likely causes and clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 700 MR imaging studies performed between September 2018 and March 2019 at our institution as follow-up monitoring of coiled intracranial aneurysms. Any sizeable (>5 mm) rounded dark-signal lesions encountered were presumed to be metallic. The magnitudes and locations of such lesions were recorded. In patients with these lesions, pertinent procedural documentation was screened for devices used, including coils, microcatheters, microguidewires, and stents. Medical records were also examined to determine whether any related symptoms ensued. RESULTS: Twenty patients (2.8%) exhibited a total of 25 lesions on SWI. Diameters ranged from 5 to 11 mm (median, 8 mm). All except 2 lesions were located in brain regions downstream from aneurysms, but all lesions occupied vascular territories of vessels used to place guiding catheters. Other than the Synchro 14, which was routinely deployed, no device was regularly used in patients with SWI-detectable lesions; and none of the affected patients developed focal neurologic symptoms as a consequence. CONCLUSIONS: Although the origins remain unclear, distal embolization of particulate metal distal to coiled cerebral aneurysms is occasionally observed on follow-up MR imaging studies. Such lesions, however, seem to have no apparent clinical impact. Full Article
aging Discrimination between Glioblastoma and Solitary Brain Metastasis: Comparison of Inflow-Based Vascular-Space-Occupancy and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MR Imaging [FUNCTIONAL] By www.ajnr.org Published On :: 2020-04-09T06:30:48-07:00 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Accurate differentiation between glioblastoma and solitary brain metastasis is of vital importance clinically. This study aimed to investigate the potential value of the inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy MR imaging technique, which has no need for an exogenous contrast agent, in differentiating glioblastoma and solitary brain metastasis and to compare it with DSC MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with glioblastoma and 22 patients with solitary brain metastasis underwent inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy and DSC MR imaging with a 3T clinical scanner. Two neuroradiologists independently measured the maximum inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy–derived arteriolar CBV and DSC-derived CBV values in intratumoral regions and peritumoral T2-hyperintense regions, which were normalized to the contralateral white matter (relative arteriolar CBV and relative CBV, inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy relative arteriolar CBV, and DSC-relative CBV). The intraclass correlation coefficient, Student t test, or Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed. RESULTS: All parameters of both regions had good or excellent interobserver reliability (0.74~0.89). In peritumoral T2-hyperintese regions, DSC-relative CBV (P < .001), inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy arteriolar CBV (P = .001), and relative arteriolar CBV (P = .005) were significantly higher in glioblastoma than in solitary brain metastasis, with areas under the curve of 0.94, 0.83, and 0.72 for discrimination, respectively. In the intratumoral region, both inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy arteriolar CBV and relative arteriolar CBV were significantly higher in glioblastoma than in solitary brain metastasis (both P < .001), with areas under the curve of 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. Intratumoral DSC-relative CBV showed no significant difference (P = .616) between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy has the potential to discriminate glioblastoma from solitary brain metastasis, especially in the intratumoral region. Full Article
aging MR Thermometry in Cerebrovascular Disease: Physiologic Basis, Hemodynamic Dependence, and a New Frontier in Stroke Imaging [ADULT BRAIN] By www.ajnr.org Published On :: 2020-04-09T06:30:48-07:00 SUMMARY: The remarkable temperature sensitivity of the brain is widely recognized and has been studied for its role in the potentiation of ischemic and other neurologic injuries. Pyrexia frequently complicates large-vessel acute ischemic stroke and develops commonly in critically ill neurologic patients; the profound sensitivity of the brain even to minor intraischemic temperature changes, together with the discovery of brain-to-systemic as well as intracerebral temperature gradients, has thus compelled the exploration of cerebral thermoregulation and uncovered its immutable dependence on cerebral blood flow. A lack of pragmatic and noninvasive tools for spatially and temporally resolved brain thermometry has historically restricted empiric study of cerebral temperature homeostasis; however, MR thermometry (MRT) leveraging temperature-sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance phenomena is well-suited to bridging this long-standing gap. This review aims to introduce the reader to the following: 1) fundamental aspects of cerebral thermoregulation, 2) the physical basis of noninvasive MRT, and 3) the physiologic interdependence of cerebral temperature, perfusion, metabolism, and viability. Full Article
aging RPGCast – Episode 321: “Raging Phoner” By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Sat, 27 Sep 2014 19:57:02 +0000 Is your flexible iPhone getting you down? No? Wait…you mean you don’t come to this show for mobile news and just want to hear about... Full Article News Podcasts RPG Cast