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The swearing-in ceremony, attended by Chouhan, was kept low-key in view of the coronavirus-induced lockdown. Social distancing norms were followed at the ceremony.

A new label will certify foods grown in soil and animal products from pastured animals and would rule out hydroponic and aquaponic techniques.

This revolution isn't being led by baby boomers, but they are a big part of it.

Botanists identify wild plants with sidewalk chalk to help draw attention to nature and discourage pesticide use.

All eyes will be on Oaklawn Park this Saturday as a competitive field of 14 gets set to tackle the Grade 2 Rebel Stakes. The $900,000 race, won by Triple Crown Champion American Pharoah last year, offers 50 points to the winner on the Road to the Kentucky Derby. Also on Oaklawn's 11-race card are […]

The post The Xpressbet Weekend Bankroll: Rebel Circus appeared first on Horse Racing News | Paulick Report.

Climate to be debated at general election debate.

Two of the main parties commit to two of the Three Demands.

Fashion industry the focal point of new action.

While Kelly Lytle Hernández was growing up in San Diego near the U.S.-Mexico border in the late 1980s and early '90s, she watched as people from her community, friends and neighbors, disappeared: Black youths disappeared into the prison system; Mexican immigrants disappeared through deportations. These experiences affected her deeply. "It was growing up in that environment that forced me to want to understand what was happening to us and why it seemed legitimate," Lytle Hernández tells All Things Considered . "And I wanted to disrupt that legitimacy." For answers to those questions, Lytle Hernández turned to the past. A historian and expert on immigration, race and mass incarceration, she is now a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, and is one of this year's 26 MacArthur Fellows . "History is a narrative of the past. It is based upon the sources that we regard as relevant or that we can find," she says. And so her work includes tracking down records that reflect

BAGHDAD -- The Iraqi platoon slips in darkness down a path from an abandoned rail yard to a cemetery in Haifa, a Baghdad district long notorious for insurgent ambushes.

We speak with a woman seeking to ban Halloween decorations, we get a visit from Canada’s pronunciation expert, and we visit a small town on the verge of overthrowing their annual Pun Festival.

About 65 arrests are made after some of the busiest roads in Perth's CBD were thrown into chaos on Friday morning by climate activists as part of a nationwide Extinction Rebellion demonstration.

Extinction Rebellion protesters say they will take on board concerns that their demonstrations are disproportionately affecting people with disabilities, as police use power tools to separate activists in Melbourne and Brisbane.

Climate protesters who brought the streets of Melbourne to a standstill are vowing to make a comeback in autumn as police reveal the cost of overtime for controlling the protests would be in the hundreds of thousands of dollars.

Alais, Princess of France, is back for another intriguing historical adventure in Healey's latest publication. Set during the early 13th century, at a time when the Catholic Church was actively campaigning against the Cathar sect in the Languedoc region, the author brings history to life on the page.

The footage was posted by Rebels bikie Bradley Daniele, who appears to take credit for the attack.

Landholders fight for independent review after the controversial Mining bill passes the Lower House.

The Home Affairs Minister called the environmental activists "anti-establishment".

Three accused Rebels bikies who appealed to the High Court to overturn an order preventing them from associating with one another have lost their bid, clearing the way for the NSW Police Commissioner to impose strict restraints on them, including a curfew and restricted mobile phone possession.

The judge describes it as a murder "on a whim" as Rebels motorcycle club member John Richard Weston is sentenced to 34 years in jail for killing a man over a rare motorbike.

Three men with links to the Rebels bikie gang are refused bail after being charged with the murder of a Central Coast man who was beaten so severely he spent two months in a coma before dying.

Colin Crane, a life member of the Rebels bikie club, appears in court charged with the murder of Clint Starkey at a Peats Ridge service station last year.

Natasha Gregson Wagner reflects on her personal memories of Natalie Wood's life and career on Mother's Day weekend.

A TORY rift over lockdown emerged yesterday when Sajid Javid urged ministers to reopen the economy "as far and as quick" as possible to recover from the impact of the coronavirus crisis.

6 November 2019 , Volume 95, Number 6

Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a lipid storage disorder in which cholesterol and glycosphingolipids accumulate in late endosomal/lysosomal compartments because of mutations in the NPC1 gene. A hallmark of NPC1 is progressive neurodegeneration of the cerebellum as well as visceral organ damage; however, the mechanisms driving this disease pathology are not fully understood. Phosphoinositides are phospholipids that play distinct roles in signal transduction and vesicle trafficking. Here, we utilized consensus spectra analysis of MS imaging datasets and orthogonal LC–MS analyses to evaluate the spatial distribution of phosphoinositides and quantify them in cerebellar tissue from Npc1-null mice. Our results suggest significant depletion of multiple phosphoinositide species, including phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol monophosphate (PIP), and bisphosphate (PIP2), in the cerebellum of the Npc1-null mice in both whole-tissue lysates and myelin-enriched fractions. Additionally, we observed altered levels of the regulatory enzyme phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2 α (PI4K2A) in Npc1-null mice. In contrast, the levels of related kinases, phosphatases, and transfer proteins were unaltered in the Npc1-null mouse model as observed by Western blot analysis. Our discovery of phosphoinositide lipid biomarkers for NPC1 opens new perspectives on the pathophysiology underlying this fatal neurodegenerative disease.

Starting in the middle of April, the group “Extinction Rebellion” have organised a series of non-violent direct action protests. Most notably bringing central London to a standstill - but these events are now continuing around the country. Predictably, they have received a lot of criticism - they have also received a lot of support - amongst...

Extinction Rebellion (Organisation).

Catherine Mankiw
May 24, 2017; 37:5221-5231
Development Plasticity Repair

The cerebellum influences motor control through Purkinje target neurons, which transmit cerebellar output. Such output is required, for instance, for larval zebrafish to learn conditioned fictive swimming. The output cells, called eurydendroid neurons (ENs) in teleost fish, are inhibited by Purkinje cells and excited by parallel fibers. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of glutamatergic ENs labeled by the transcription factor olig2. Action potential firing and synaptic responses were recorded in current clamp and voltage clamp from olig2⁺ neurons in immobilized larval zebrafish (before sexual differentiation) and were correlated with motor behavior by simultaneous recording of fictive swimming. In the absence of swimming, olig2⁺ ENs had basal firing rates near 8 spikes/s, and EPSCs and IPSCs were evident. Comparing Purkinje firing rates and eurydendroid IPSC rates indicated that 1-3 Purkinje cells converge onto each EN. Optogenetically suppressing Purkinje simple spikes, while preserving complex spikes, suggested that eurydendroid IPSC size depended on presynaptic spike duration rather than amplitude. During swimming, EPSC and IPSC rates increased. Total excitatory and inhibitory currents during sensory-evoked swimming were both more than double those during spontaneous swimming. During both spontaneous and sensory-evoked swimming, the total inhibitory current was more than threefold larger than the excitatory current. Firing rates of ENs nevertheless increased, suggesting that the relative timing of IPSCs and EPSCs may permit excitation to drive additional eurydendroid spikes. The data indicate that olig2⁺ cells are ENs whose activity is modulated with locomotion, suiting them to participate in sensorimotor integration associated with cerebellum-dependent learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cerebellum contributes to movements through signals generated by cerebellar output neurons, called eurydendroid neurons (ENs) in fish (cerebellar nuclei in mammals). ENs receive sensory and motor signals from excitatory parallel fibers and inhibitory Purkinje cells. Here, we report electrophysiological recordings from ENs of larval zebrafish that directly illustrate how synaptic inhibition and excitation are integrated by cerebellar output neurons in association with motor behavior. The results demonstrate that inhibitory and excitatory drive both increase during fictive swimming, but inhibition greatly exceeds excitation. Firing rates nevertheless increase, providing evidence that synaptic integration promotes cerebellar output during locomotion. The data offer a basis for comparing aspects of cerebellar coding that are conserved and that diverge across vertebrates.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that fulfills diverse functional roles as a neurotransmitter or diffusible second messenger in the developing and adult CNS. Although the impact of NO on different behaviors such as movement, sleep, learning, and memory has been well documented, the identity of its molecular and cellular targets is still an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we identify a novel role for NO in strengthening inhibitory GABA_A receptor-mediated transmission in molecular layer interneurons of the mouse cerebellum. NO levels are elevated by the activity of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) following Ca²⁺ entry through extrasynaptic NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs). NO activates protein kinase G with the subsequent production of cGMP, which prompts the stimulation of NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC). The activation of PKC promotes the selective strengthening of α3-containing GABA_ARs synapses through a GABA receptor-associated protein-dependent mechanism. Given the widespread but cell type-specific expression of the NMDAR/nNOS complex in the mammalian brain, our data suggest that NMDARs may uniquely strengthen inhibitory GABAergic transmission in these cells through a novel NO-mediated pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term changes in the efficacy of GABAergic transmission is mediated by multiple presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. A prominent pathway involves crosstalk between excitatory and inhibitory synapses whereby Ca²⁺-entering through postsynaptic NMDARs promotes the recruitment and strengthening of GABA_A receptor synapses via Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Although Ca²⁺ transport by NMDARs is also tightly coupled to nNOS activity and NO production, it has yet to be determined whether this pathway affects inhibitory synapses. Here, we show that activation of NMDARs trigger a NO-dependent pathway that strengthens inhibitory GABAergic synapses of cerebellar molecular layer interneurons. Given the widespread expression of NMDARs and nNOS in the mammalian brain, we speculate that NO control of GABAergic synapse efficacy may be more widespread than has been appreciated.

IN April 2004, the Victoria & Albert museum in London staged an exhibition of the work of Vivienne Westwood. The show was a celebration and a culmination of the fashion designer’s move from the margins of the industry in the 1970s, where she was creating clothes for the punks who hung around the King’s Road, to her 21st-century incarnation as first among equals in British haute couture.

The fight against entrenched armed groups in eastern Congo such as the ADF-Nalu needs to switch from a military to an intelligence-based approach.

Riyaz Naikoo was member of region’s largest indigenous militant group, Hizbul Mujahideen

Indian government forces have killed a top rebel commander and his aide in disputed Kashmir, and shut down mobile phone and mobile internet services during subsequent anti-India protests.

Riyaz Naikoo, 35, was the chief of operations of the region’s largest indigenous rebel group, Hizbul Mujahideen, which has spearheaded an armed rebellion against Indian rule.

(August 1, 1947) 

Indian government forces killed a top rebel commander and his aide in disputed Kashmir on Wednesday and shut down cellphone and mobile internet services during subsequent anti-India protests, officials and residents said.India’s security officials and some members of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party called his death as a major victory against insurgents. The killing could spark more unrest in the region.Riyaz Naikoo, 35, was the chief of operations of the region’s largest indigenous rebel…

A Kenyan official says a South Sudanese rebel spokesperson has been deported to South Sudan over a Facebook posting, while colleagues fear for his life and human rights workers say he was a UN-registered refugee.