Laurence Haren, Dorian Farache, Laurent Emorine, and Andreas Merdes

-tubulin is a major protein involved in the nucleation of microtubules in all eukaryotes. It forms two different complexes with proteins of the GCP family (gamma-tubulin complex proteins): -tubulin small complexes (TuSCs), containing -tubulin and GCPs 2 and 3, and -tubulin ring complexes (TuRCs), containing multiple TuSCs, in addition to GCPs 4, 5, and 6. Whereas the structure and assembly properties of TuSCs have been intensively studied, little is known about the assembly of TuRCs, and about the specific roles of GCPs 4, 5, and 6. Here, we demonstrate that two copies of GCP4 and one copy each of GCP5 and GCP6 form a salt-resistant sub-complex within the TuRC that assembles independently of the presence of TuSCs. Incubation of this sub-complex with cytoplasmic extracts containing TuSCs leads to the reconstitution of TuRCs that are competent to nucleate microtubules. In addition, we investigate sequence extensions and insertions that are specifically found at the amino-terminus of GCP6, and between the GCP6 grip1 and grip2 motifs, and we demonstrate that these are involved in the assembly or stabilization of the TuRC.

Ana Loncar, Sergio A. Rincon, Manuel Lera Ramirez, Anne Paoletti, and Phong T. Tran

To segregate the chromosomes faithfully during cell division, cells assemble a spindle that captures the kinetochores and pulls them towards opposite poles. Proper spindle function requires correct interplay between microtubule motors and non-motor proteins. Defects in spindle assembly or changes in spindle dynamics are associated with diseases like cancer or developmental disorders. Here we compared mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast. We show that even though mitotic and meiotic spindles undergo the typical three phases of spindle elongation, they have distinct features. We found that the relative concentration of kinesin-14 Pkl1 is decreased in meiosis I compared to mitosis, while the concentration of kinesin-5 Cut7 remains constant. We identified the second kinesin-14 Klp2 and microtubule dynamics as factors necessary for proper meiotic spindle assembly. This work defines differences between mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast, and provides prospect for future comparative studies.

Julian Chollet, Alexander Dünkler, Anne Bäuerle, Laura Vivero-Pol, Medhanie A. Mulaw, Thomas Gronemeyer, and Nils Johnsson

Yeast cells select the position of their new bud at the beginning of each cell cycle. The recruitment of the septins to this prospective bud site is one of the critical events in a complex assembly pathway that culminates in the outgrowth of a new daughter cell. Hereby, the septin-rods follow the high concentration of Cdc42_GTP that is generated by the focused localization of its GEF Cdc24. We show that shortly before budding Cdc24 not only activates Cdc42 but also transiently interacts with Cdc11, the septin subunit that caps both ends of the septin rods. Mutations in Cdc24 reducing the affinity to Cdc11 impair septin recruitment and decrease the stability of the polarity patch. The interaction between septins and Cdc24 thus reinforces bud assembly at sites where septin structures are formed. Once the septins polymerize into the ring, Cdc24 is found at the cortex of the bud and directs its further outgrowth from this position.

On June 7 the Sun unleashed an spectacular solar flare with a substantial coronal mass ejection. A large cloud of plasma mushroomed up, and while some parts fell back into the Sun, most rushed off into space. The first two segments of this video are seen through the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly aboard NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory. The AIA was developed by Smithsonian scientists.

The post Spectacular June 7 solar flare seen through the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly aboard Solar Dynamics Observatory appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

Keepers at the Smithsonian's National Zoo perform an artificial insemination procedure on a pair of Stanley Cranes. A Stanley Crane chick was successfully hatched on May 23, 2011.

The post Bird keepers at the National Zoo demonstrate the art of artificially inseminating Stanley cranes appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

As the Rim Fire burns deeper into Yosemite, park managers are fighting fire with fire—and one of the Smithsonian’s ForestGEO plots was caught in the […]

The post Smithsonian research plot burns in Yosemite fires appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

Aline A. Alves
Apr 15, 2020; 0:jcs.242271v1-jcs.242271
Articles

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How do galaxies such as our Milky Way come into existence? How do they grow and change over time? The science behind galaxy formation has long been a puzzle, but a University of Arizona-led team of scientists is one step closer to finding answers, thanks to supercomputer simulations. Observing real galaxies in space can only provide snapshots in time, so researchers who study how galaxies evolve over billions of years need to use computer simulations. Traditionally, astronomers have used simulations to invent theories of galaxy formation and test them, but they have had to proceed one galaxy at a time. Peter Behroozi of the university's Steward Observatory and colleagues overcame this hurdle by generating millions of different universes on a supercomputer, each according to different physical theories for how galaxies form. The findings challenge fundamental ideas about the role dark matter plays in galaxy formation, the evolution of galaxies over time and the birth of stars. The study is the first to create self-consistent universes that are exact replicas of the real ones -- computer simulations that each represent a sizeable chunk of the actual cosmos, containing 12 million galaxies and spanning the time from 400 million years after the Big Bang to the present day. The results from the "UniverseMachine," as the authors call their approach, have helped resolve the long-standing paradox of why galaxies cease to form new stars even when they retain plenty of hydrogen gas, the raw material from which stars are forged. The research is partially funded by NSF's Division of Physics through grants to UC Santa Barbara's Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Aspen Center for Physics.

Image credit: NASA/ESA/J. Lotz and the HFF Team/STScI

The 2020 State of Disbursements: APAC Outlook Report by Rapyd...

As immigrants and their descendants become integrated into U.S. society, many aspects of their lives improve, including measurable outcomes such as educational attainment, occupational distribution, income, and language ability, but their well-being declines in the areas of health, crime, and family patterns, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Patt's Hats for Monday, April 8.; Credit: Michelle Lanz/KPCC

The twinset, in russet and camel colors, was my ‘homage’ to Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first woman prime minister, who died Monday at the Ritz Hotel in London.
 
If you're unfamiliar with a twinset, it's the classic matching sweater-duo ensemble, sleeveless or short-sleeved sweater under a cardigan, a style much favored in the U.S. by June Cleaver and sorority girls in the 1950s, like the classic insufferable rich sorority girl parody from “Auntie Mame":

And in Britain by a lady of a certain age and certain class. It is usually worn with pearls, ideally three strands. Odd numbers of strands are considered more chic than even numbers. It’s probably what she wore “off duty” as prime minister.

One can’t see her [see, I’m channeling her already!] lounging about Number 10 Downing Street in velour sweats, but on duty and on display in her prime ministerial position, though, she almost always wore a kind of uniform, a brightly colored suit, ladylike but not alluring, and not unlike what the Queen wears. [In the same spirit, the Queen wears twinsets when she’s off-duty and having fun, which is to say at some horsy event or another.] 

Because Thatcher was Britain’s first woman prime minister, Britons enjoyed handicapping the relationship between their head of state [the Queen] and the head of government [the prime minister]. Theirs was not the affectionate relationship of, for example, the Queen and Winston Churchill. And the best sartorial story about the relationship is the story – which has entered into myth if not into the annals of fact – that Mrs. Thatcher’s office once called Buckingham Palace in advance of a joint appearance to find out what the Queen would be wearing so Mrs. Thatcher wouldn’t commit lese majeste and wear the same color.

The Queen, Mrs. T’s office was informed, doesn’t take any notice of what other people are wearing.
 
I wrote about Mrs. T when she came here in 1991 to celebrate the 80th birthday of her “political soulmate,” former president Ronald Reagan. She visited the Reagan library, under construction, and the JPL, among other spots. You can read that account here.
 
And here’s my obituary of the former PM.
 
I last saw her in 2002, in St. Paul’s Cathedral, at the celebration of the Queen’s golden jubilee. I actually heard her before I saw her – that unmistakably clear voice whose pitch she worked hard to shape into the pitch and tone that became part of her political toolkit. Her funeral, next Wednesday, will be at St. Paul’s. 

Now back to my outfit! The skirt is a vintage Sonia Rykiel, which is worth the constant battle with moths to keep it in repair. I like vintage for myriad reasons: no one else is wearing what you’re wearing … the fabrics are usually of much better quality and more interesting than present-day ones … and unlike current store-bought things, vintage has the merit of being environmentally friendly.
 
I was tickled to see my viewpoint endorsed by the accomplished Vanessa Paradis, the charming and glamorous French singer and actress, Chanel model, Lagerfeld muse, and the new face of H&M’s new environmentally conscious line. Here she talks about embracing those virtues herself. Merci, Vanessa!
 
Oh, I spared the oysters and didn’t wear pearls with my twinset. Rose gold is the choice du jour.  Real? I wish!

This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.

Full Text:

How do galaxies such as our Milky Way come into existence? How do they grow and change over time? The science behind galaxy formation has long been a puzzle, but a University of Arizona-led team of scientists is one step closer to finding answers, thanks to supercomputer simulations. Observing real galaxies in space can only provide snapshots in time, so researchers who study how galaxies evolve over billions of years need to use computer simulations. Traditionally, astronomers have used simulations to invent theories of galaxy formation and test them, but they have had to proceed one galaxy at a time. Peter Behroozi of the university's Steward Observatory and colleagues overcame this hurdle by generating millions of different universes on a supercomputer, each according to different physical theories for how galaxies form. The findings challenge fundamental ideas about the role dark matter plays in galaxy formation, the evolution of galaxies over time and the birth of stars. The study is the first to create self-consistent universes that are exact replicas of the real ones -- computer simulations that each represent a sizeable chunk of the actual cosmos, containing 12 million galaxies and spanning the time from 400 million years after the Big Bang to the present day. The results from the "UniverseMachine," as the authors call their approach, have helped resolve the long-standing paradox of why galaxies cease to form new stars even when they retain plenty of hydrogen gas, the raw material from which stars are forged. The research is partially funded by NSF's Division of Physics through grants to UC Santa Barbara's Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Aspen Center for Physics.

Image credit: NASA/ESA/J. Lotz and the HFF Team/STScI

Modern technologies have provided new ways for communities to engage with climate change. This study investigated the role of Internet-based tools in disseminating the findings of a climate change research project in Canada and provides insights on how best to use the Internet to communicate the outcomes of scientific research.

Research assessments should focus more on engagement processes and less on impacts and outcomes, a new study suggests. The authors examined researchers’ intended impacts and motivational factors, and stated that a change in research evaluation methods, together with better direction from university managers, could help incentivise knowledge exchange and engagement between departments and non-academic entities.

Emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) tetrafluoromethane (TFM) and hexafluoroethane (HFE) reported by industry accounted for only around half actual levels measured in the atmosphere between 2002 and 2010, new research reveals. The semiconductor and aluminium production industries, the two main sources of these gases, have reported success in their voluntary efforts to control these emissions. However, this does not match ‘top-down’ atmospheric monitoring, the researchers say.

Middlesbrough stand between Watford Ladies and a place in the FAWNL Plate final after the Golden Girls swept aside Chichester City 4-0 to march into the last four.

The bad weather has caused yet more frustration for Watford Ladies after their FAWNL Plate semi-final at Middlesbrough tomorrow was postponed.

Great British Bake Off semi-finalist, Stacey Hart, has taken on a new challenge - creating delicious treats without using refined sugar. Here the baker from Hertfordshire explains what prompted her to make changes and shares her recipes.

The well-known TV personality and attorney posted a shirtless photo of himself on Twitter, but deleted it hours later.

Tesla unveils the Tesla Semi, an electric semi truck, and surprises everyone with an update to the Roadster at the same live event.

Consider this an Earth-bound travel guide to the solar system, places on Earth that closely resemble landscapes of other planets.

The MyPlate icon is starting to pop on food packaging. What are the USDA’s rules for companies that want to use it, and does its appearance on a package imply

There's more to salmon sperm than making salmon babies, as researchers find it can also be used to help sort out toxic waste.

Jason deCaires Taylor's sculptural commentary on fossil fuels comes and goes with the tides.

Which shortlisted bridge proposal for Tintagel Castle would King Arthur himself choose?

This teeny-tiny wooden cabin from Spain can be built in several hours (provided you can wrangle several friends to help you).

Researchers hope to create a sperm bank to breed hardier bees and preserve threatened subspecies.

An impact basin spotted on Mercury with two smaller craters above it looks remarkably like the sweet treat-loving Cookie Monster muppet of "Sesame Street" fame.

Having conquered both the moon and Cupertino, Sir Norman Foster eyes the Red Planet.

Yosemite National Park has 300 seasonal positions to fill for summer 2018. Here's how to apply.

A new study introduces 18 previously unknown spider species that look remarkably like pelicans.

Gordon Edgar has a radical concept: Make the world of cheese accessible to everyone, not just foodies who know a little bit of jargon.

50 technology companies will compete in the clean technology 'Oscars.'

The Vilnius Christmas tree was named the most beautiful in Europe.

The rare and stunningly beautiful phenomenon of Yosemite's firefall at Horsetail Falls only occurs during a two-week window in February.

Omron‘s unique Automated inspection capability ensures process quality in a mass-production environment by using Submicron CT imaging with a variety of Metrology data.(VT-X700 / VT-X900)

Soul Designs is pleased to announce their latest training program, "Leadership Without Limits." To celebrate this successful launch Soul Designs is being featured on 10 Times Square billboards.

On January 24, 2017, President Trump issued a Memorandum pressuring the Secretary of the Army and the Army Corps of Engineers to approve an easement for the Dakota Access Pipeline.

Tofiq Bolwala of F.A.S.T. Global Marketing hosted a motivational seminar discussing the story of basketball player, Stephen Curry's recent achievements.

Degerberg Academy of Martial Arts will host a Boxing Seminar on Sunday, June 22 at 10 a.m. for those interested in exploring and developing their boxing skills.

Firm Also Hosts Events for EmoryLaw@Work and Business Executives for National Security

Rocky Mountain Medical Group provides comprehensive injury care and non-injury services to employers, from small businesses to large corporations, throughout the Denver and Boulder metro areas.

ISSCC 2019 Conference, San Francisco 17-21 February 2019

You now have a simple, safe and cost-effective way to move semi-trailers in your yard without using a licensed truck driver and semi-tractor with the new V-Move™ electric trailer mover.

Captain Marvel, Thor, Mysterio, Jon Snow, Daryl Dixon, Sabrina Spellman make ACE Comic Con debuts; Spider-Man and Rocketman return!

An expansion of Dr. Panda's highly popular Town app series, Dr. Panda Town: Pet World is key to unlocking a child's imagination through creativity and storytelling.

"Not everyone who supports BDS is an anti-Semite. However - if you look at the organisational papers of the BDS movement, and listen to what the people behind it say, it is clearly antisemitism - plain and simple."

SEM Firms has curated a list of popular SEO companies in March 2020

Top 10 search engine optimization consultants in Canada have been named by semfirms.com for April 2020