Zhengui Xia
Sep 1, 1996; 16:5425-5436
Articles

Neural plasticity due to hearing loss results in tonotopic map changes. Several studies have suggested a relation between hearing loss-induced tonotopic reorganization and tinnitus. This large fMRI study on humans was intended to clarify the relations between hearing loss, tinnitus, and tonotopic reorganization. To determine the differential effect of hearing loss and tinnitus, both male and female participants with bilateral high-frequency hearing loss, with and without tinnitus, and a control group were included. In a total of 90 participants, bilateral cortical responses to sound stimulation were measured with loudness-matched pure-tone stimuli (0.25-8 kHz). In the bilateral auditory cortices, the high-frequency sound-evoked activation level was higher in both hearing-impaired participant groups, compared with the control group. This was most prominent in the hearing loss group without tinnitus. Similarly, the tonotopic maps for the hearing loss without tinnitus group were significantly different from the controls, whereas the maps of those with tinnitus were not. These results show that higher response amplitudes and map reorganization are a characteristic of hearing loss, not of tinnitus. Both tonotopic maps and response amplitudes of tinnitus participants appear intermediate to the controls and hearing loss without tinnitus group. This observation suggests a connection between tinnitus and an incomplete form of central compensation to hearing loss, rather than excessive adaptation. One implication of this may be that treatments for tinnitus shift their focus toward enhancing the cortical plasticity, instead of reversing it.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tinnitus, a common and potentially devastating condition, is the presence of a "phantom" sound that often accompanies hearing loss. Hearing loss is known to induce plastic changes in cortical and subcortical areas. Although plasticity is a valuable trait that allows the human brain to rewire and recover from injury and sensory deprivation, it can lead to tinnitus as an unwanted side effect. In this large fMRI study, we provide evidence that tinnitus is related to a more conservative form of reorganization than in hearing loss without tinnitus. This result contrasts with the previous notion that tinnitus is related to excessive reorganization. As a consequence, treatments for tinnitus may need to enhance the cortical plasticity, rather than reverse it.

MECP2 gain-of-function and loss-of-function in genetically engineered monkeys recapitulates typical phenotypes in patients with autism, yet where MECP2 mutation affects the monkey brain and whether/how it relates to autism pathology remain unknown. Here we report a combination of gene–circuit–behavior analyses including MECP2 coexpression network, locomotive and cognitive behaviors, and EEG and fMRI findings in 5 MECP2 overexpressed monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; 3 females) and 20 wild-type monkeys (Macaca fascicularis; 11 females). Whole-genome expression analysis revealed MECP2 coexpressed genes significantly enriched in GABA-related signaling pathways, whereby reduced β-synchronization within fronto-parieto-occipital networks was associated with abnormal locomotive behaviors. Meanwhile, MECP2-induced hyperconnectivity in prefrontal and cingulate networks accounted for regressive deficits in reversal learning tasks. Furthermore, we stratified a cohort of 49 patients with autism and 72 healthy controls of 1112 subjects using functional connectivity patterns, and identified dysconnectivity profiles similar to those in monkeys. By establishing a circuit-based construct link between genetically defined models and stratified patients, these results pave new avenues to deconstruct clinical heterogeneity and advance accurate diagnosis in psychiatric disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder with co-occurring symptoms caused by multiple genetic variations and brain circuit abnormalities. To dissect the gene–circuit–behavior causal chain underlying ASD, animal models are established by manipulating causative genes such as MECP2. However, it is unknown whether such models have captured any circuit-level pathology in ASD patients, as demonstrated by human brain imaging studies. Here, we use transgenic macaques to examine the causal effect of MECP2 overexpression on gene coexpression, brain circuits, and behaviors. For the first time, we demonstrate that the circuit abnormalities linked to MECP2 and autism-like traits in the monkeys can be mapped to a homogeneous ASD subgroup, thereby offering a new strategy to deconstruct clinical heterogeneity in ASD.

The rendering builds on decades of data that dates back to the Apollo missions, which happened some fifty years ago

A new book explores the evolution of cartography throughout more than a century of commercial air travel

The Toronto Maple Leafs have signed Finnish defenceman Mikko Lehtonen to a one-year, entry-level contract for the 2020-21 season, the club announced Monday.

OMers share how God is moving among unreached people in their remote village in the Caucasus.

To celebrate 15 years of Google Maps, the popular mapping program gets a redesign, a host of new features, and an installation in New York's Madison Square Park.

AS expected, the UK and Scottish governments have decided, after the first three weeks of restrictions to contain the spread of coronavirus, that they should remain in place. Strictly speaking, that is not an extension, but the default position; the legislation allows for the lockdown to continue for six months (when it must then be renewed by the parliaments). Interim reviews are to see whether the circumstances allow for relaxation, or indeed, require tightening of the measures.

This interactive map offers a quick way to examine state-by-state grades and summary data.

Track where schools are closed and their status for reopening.

With Ramaphosa sworn in as president, the SA public will be watching closely to see if, and when, he reshuffles Jacob Zuma's last Cabinet.

The coronavirus has been a big item in the news lately - it's a pneumonia-like illness that has killed several people. It's thought to have started in China, and has spread to several other countries (including at least one case in the U.S.). The World Health Organization says the coronavirus [...]

The post Creating a map to track the coronavirus appeared first on Graphically Speaking.

I've read several articles that mentioned the north magnetic pole has been moving more in the past few decades, than in the previous few hundred years. And as a Map Guy, I knew I just had to plot this data on a map, and see it for myself! I provide [...]

The post Magnetic north moved 50 miles last year (let's map it!) appeared first on Graphically Speaking.

There are many ways to add more "visual impact" to your maps. Some techniques grab the users' attention, but often don't add anything useful to the message the map is trying to convey (such as 3D tricks, or flashy/gratuitous images and infographics). I encourage you to design maps that have [...]

The post Giving your maps more visual impact! appeared first on Graphically Speaking.

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Ellendale --

The Department of Transportation (DelDOT) announces that their contractor will be replacing the deteriorating corrugated metal pipes with reinforced concrete pipes.

7:00 a.m. on Monday, May 4, 2020 until 5:00 p.m. on Friday, June 5, 2020, pending weather

Maple Branch Road (Culvert over Maple Marsh and Beaver Dam Branch) between West Robbins Road and Redden Road.

Detour Routes:

West Robbins Road Southbound: Motorists will continue onto West Robbins Road and turn right onto Redden Road and turn right to return to Maple Branch Road. [More]

. Upon acceptance of the resolution, the assessee shall withdraw any appeal filed in this regard and pay the tax determined by the assessing officer after giving effect to the resolution.

Ranked as Counterpoint’s top location and mapping platform in the world

Read Full Article at RT.com

After three years of painstaking work, neuroscientists have successfully produced a high-resolution 3D atlas of a mouse brain, which may set the standard for both veterinary and human medicine for decades to come.
Read Full Article at RT.com

  Google recently unveiled a huge makeover to its Google Maps. Currently available in beta mode, it lets you discover changes in its interface and improved accessibilities. However, the search results i...

  Here's a guide on how to integrate map and geolocation features into an Android business app. This guide specfically tells you on how to includes overlaying store locations on Google Maps*, using...

The task force under economic affairs secretary Atanu Chakraborty submitted its final report on the “national infrastructure pipeline” (NIP) to finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman.

MapmyIndia says it has a solution that tells the exact range of an electric car, as it is being driven

According to the new order, barber shops and dine-in restaurants would not be allowed, though there would be no restrictions on the barber visiting the customer at his home, or take-aways from restaurants.

[News24Wire] Western Cape Premier Alan Winde has written to President Cyril Ramaphosa to request urgent intervention due to backlogs at the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) that are causing delays in test results, he said on Friday.

Baldwin City, Kansas - The Haskell Men's team competed in the Baker Maple Leaf Invite Saturday morning. 

HI!

I want to use map_to_mux pragma for a particular logic in my code, which is in generate block. 

module xyz

parameter P_IN_WIDTH= 100

parameter P_OUT_WIDTH =100

parameter P_XXX = 1

parameter P_ZZZ=1

parameter P_IN_OFFSET_WD = 10

input [P_IN_WD-1:0]  in_data;

input [P_IN_OFFSET_WD-1:0] in_offset;

output [P_IN_WD-1:0]  out_data;

generate
if (P_XXX == 1)

// cadence infer_mux "MUX"
// cadence map_to_mux "MUX"

begin : XXX

assign c_out = (in_data >> in_offset*P_ZZZ);
end
else

// cadence infer_mux "MUX"
// cadence map_to_mux "MUX"
begin : YYY
assign c_out = (in_data << in_offset*P_ZZZ);
end
endgenerate

endmodule

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1) Indago 19.09 Better Driver Tracing and More

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2) IXCOM MSIE: Faster Palladium Build Time

Got several testbenches you want to compile with the same DUT and tests and you want to do it fast? With IXCOM, all you have to do to compile those different testbenches is use the xrun command for each after compiling your DUT. But what exactly is IXCOM, and how does one start using it? This quick RAK can help—here, you’ll learn the basics of using MSIE features with IXCOM, complete with an example to get you started. Using MSIE can vastly improve your build times with Palladium and using IXCOM is the best way to shrink that tedious rebuild time as small as it can get. Check out this RAK here.

3)  JasperGold Control and Status Register Verification App Automates UVM Register Map Verification

New to the JasperGold Control and Status Register (CSR) Verification App for your UVM testbenches? Don’t worry; there’s a RAK for that! This eponymous RAK can get you up and running with this in no time, helping you automate your checks from UVM register map specs. With this RAK, you’ll learn the basics of the JasperGold CSR, how to use JasperGold CSR’s Proof Accelerator, and more. CSR features a model-based approach to predicting a register’s expected value, supports pipeline interfaces, all IP-XACT access policies, and it can fully model any expected register value. It also supports register aliases, read and write semantics, and separate read/write data latencies in any given field.

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When I run simulation with irun, it may use may license features. How can I know which feature(s) a product use? I get below message in cdnshelp:

-------------------------------------------------------------

Which Products Are in the License File?

One Cadence product can require more than one license (FEATURE). The product to feature mapping in the license file lists the licenses each product needs.

For example, if the license file lists these features for the NC-VHDL Simulator:

Product Name: Cadence(R) NC-VHDL Simulator
#
Type: Floating Exp Date: 31-jul-2006 Qty: 1
#
Feature: NC_VHDL_Simulator [Version: 9999.999]
#
Feature: Affirma_sim_analysis_env [Version: 9999.999]

-------------------------------------------------------------------

But, in my license file, I can't find such info. There is only "FEATURE" lines in my license file. How can I get product to feature mapping info?

Thanks!

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Joomla GMapFP component version 3.30 suffers from an arbitrary file upload vulnerability.

sqlmap is an open source command-line automatic SQL injection tool. Its goal is to detect and take advantage of SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications. Once it detects one or more SQL injections on the target host, the user can choose among a variety of options to perform an extensive back-end database management system fingerprint, retrieve DBMS session user and database, enumerate users, password hashes, privileges, databases, dump entire or user's specified DBMS tables/columns, run his own SQL statement, read or write either text or binary files on the file system, execute arbitrary commands on the operating system, establish an out-of-band stateful connection between the attacker box and the database server via Metasploit payload stager, database stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation or SMB relay attack and more.

The Microsoft Windows kernel's Registry Virtualization does not safely open the real key for a virtualization location leading to enumerating arbitrary keys resulting in privilege escalation.

Furukawa Electric ConsciusMAP version 2.8.1 java deserialization remote code execution exploit.

PHP version 5.2.3 (Debian) suffers from an imap imap_open disable functions bypass vulnerability.

The imap_open function within PHP, if called without the /norsh flag, will attempt to preauthenticate an IMAP session. On Debian based systems, including Ubuntu, rsh is mapped to the ssh binary. Ssh's ProxyCommand option can be passed from imap_open to execute arbitrary commands. While many custom applications may use imap_open, this exploit works against the following applications: e107 v2, prestashop, SuiteCRM, as well as Custom, which simply prints the exploit strings for use. Prestashop exploitation requires the admin URI, and administrator credentials. suiteCRM/e107/hostcms require administrator credentials.

Nmap is a utility for port scanning large networks, although it works fine for single hosts. Sometimes you need speed, other times you may need stealth. In some cases, bypassing firewalls may be required. Not to mention the fact that you may want to scan different protocols (UDP, TCP, ICMP, etc.). Nmap supports Vanilla TCP connect() scanning, TCP SYN (half open) scanning, TCP FIN, Xmas, or NULL (stealth) scanning, TCP ftp proxy (bounce attack) scanning, SYN/FIN scanning using IP fragments (bypasses some packet filters), TCP ACK and Window scanning, UDP raw ICMP port unreachable scanning, ICMP scanning (ping-sweep), TCP Ping scanning, Direct (non portmapper) RPC scanning, Remote OS Identification by TCP/IP Fingerprinting, and Reverse-ident scanning. Nmap also supports a number of performance and reliability features such as dynamic delay time calculations, packet timeout and retransmission, parallel port scanning, detection of down hosts via parallel pings.

Visual Voicemail for iPhone suffers from a use-after-free vulnerability in IMAP NAMESPACE processing.

sqlmap is an open source command-line automatic SQL injection tool. Its goal is to detect and take advantage of SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications. Once it detects one or more SQL injections on the target host, the user can choose among a variety of options to perform an extensive back-end database management system fingerprint, retrieve DBMS session user and database, enumerate users, password hashes, privileges, databases, dump entire or user's specified DBMS tables/columns, run his own SQL statement, read or write either text or binary files on the file system, execute arbitrary commands on the operating system, establish an out-of-band stateful connection between the attacker box and the database server via Metasploit payload stager, database stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation or SMB relay attack and more.