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High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have been instrumental in investigating biological questions at the bulk and single-cell levels. Comparative analysis of two HTS data sets often relies on testing the statistical significance for the difference of two negative binomial distributions (DOTNB). Although negative binomial distributions are well studied, the theoretical results for DOTNB remain largely unexplored. Here, we derive basic analytical results for DOTNB and examine its asymptotic properties. As a state-of-the-art application of DOTNB, we introduce DEGage, a computational method for detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in scRNA-seq data. DEGage calculates the mean of the sample-wise differences of gene expression levels as the test statistic and determines significant differential expression by computing the P-value with DOTNB. Extensive validation using simulated and real scRNA-seq data sets demonstrates that DEGage outperforms five popular DEG analysis tools: DEGseq2, DEsingle, edgeR, Monocle3, and scDD. DEGage is robust against high dropout levels and exhibits superior sensitivity when applied to balanced and imbalanced data sets, even with small sample sizes. We utilize DEGage to analyze prostate cancer scRNA-seq data sets and identify marker genes for 17 cell types. Furthermore, we apply DEGage to scRNA-seq data sets of mouse neurons with and without fear memory and reveal eight potential memory-related genes overlooked in previous analyses. The theoretical results and supporting software for DOTNB can be widely applied to comparative analyses of dispersed count data in HTS and broad research questions.

This review explores the concept of synergy in pharmacology, emphasizing its importance in optimizing treatment outcomes through the combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Synergy, defined as an effect greater than the expected additive effect elicited by individual agents according to specific predictive models, offers a promising approach to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse events. The historical evolution of synergy research, from ancient civilizations to modern pharmacology, highlights the ongoing quest to understand and harness synergistic interactions. Key concepts, such as concentration-response curves, additive effects, and predictive models, are discussed in detail, emphasizing the need for accurate assessment methods throughout translational drug development. Although various mathematical models exist for synergy analysis, selecting the appropriate model and software tools remains a challenge, necessitating careful consideration of experimental design and data interpretation. Furthermore, this review addresses practical considerations in synergy assessment, including preclinical and clinical approaches, mechanism of action, and statistical analysis. Optimizing synergy requires attention to concentration/dose ratios, target site localization, and timing of drug administration, ensuring that the benefits of combination therapy detected bench-side are translatable into clinical practice. Overall, the review advocates for a systematic approach to synergy assessment, incorporating robust statistical analysis, effective and simplified predictive models, and collaborative efforts across pivotal sectors, such as academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies. By overcoming critical challenges and maximizing therapeutic potential, effective synergy assessment in drug development holds promise for advancing patient care.

The grant program provides hardware startups with reimbursement for working with local manufacturers.

The Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP) has upheld the retail price fixation of National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) for Mumbai─based Aristo Pharmaceuticals for its multivitamin tablets with

Joe Anderson, product and promotional marketing manager at Harland, explores the role of surface preparation in the application of hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings.

<p>In May 2024, Malaysia’s National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) announced that it will trial new timelines for variation applications&nbsp;of registered pharmaceutical products and natural health supplements (TMHS).</p>

Community pharmacies able to administer up to 400 COVID-19 vaccines per week can now apply to become designated vaccination sites, NHS England has said.

Pharmaceutical and biotech companies breathed a sigh of relief Monday when the Federal Circuit unanimously ruled in a precedential opinion that the mere sale of manufacturing services to create embodiments of a patented product is not a “commercial sale” of the invention that triggers the on-sale bar of 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) (pre-AIA).[1]  The en banc opinion...… Continue Reading

They created their own path. Will you create yours?

The Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the case of M/s Sanjay Sales India v. Principal Commissioner of Department of Trade and Taxes, Government of NCT, Delhi [Writ Petition (Civil) No. 10234 of 2024 dated July 26, 2024] held that the application for the cancellation of the GST registration cannot be denie

The new application, supported by IWMI, includes information about Sri Lanka’s land use, quantity of paddy land, number of farmers, land cultivated in one season and available yield, and emergency agricultural information.

The post Application with Geo-Goviya information system launched first appeared on International Water Management Institute (IWMI).

First Validated iPhone Medical Application for Depression and Anxiety

Before we start, let’s have a brief introduction on HTML5 framework. A HTML5 mobile application is a web page or series of web pages...

In yester years, only the business organizations with huge financial backing were able to initiate the process of custom software development. This condition immediately changed when positive remarks on the usage of these applications...

For its most recent Camp, VC and accelerator Betaworks was on the lookout for startups building native applications made possible by AI. The program was first announced in May. To explain this focus, managing partner John Borthwick wrote at the time that while things like AI chatbots and writing assistants exist, “we aren’t yet living […]

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Here’s an exciting reprieve for time-strapped or procrastination-prone early-stage startup founders. We’re extending the application deadline for the Startup Battlefield 200! Take your shot at joining this elite group for a new and awesome opportunity at TechCrunch Disrupt. It’s positively packed with perks and possibilities. Don’t delay: Apply to the Startup Battlefield 200 by August […]

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The emerging global market for business services using drone technology is valued at over US$127 billion with the drone revolution disrupting industries ranging from agriculture to filmmaking.

NEET PG 2023 Application Starts: नेशनल बोर्ड ऑफ एग्जामिनेशन इन मेडिकल साइंसेज (NBEMS) आज 5 जनवरी 2023 को नेशनल एलिजिबिलिटी कम एंट्रेंस टेस्ट के लिए नीट पीजी 2023 की रजिस्ट्रेशन शुरू करेगा। इसकी अधिक जानकारी छात्रों को आधिकारिक वेबसाइट

The SBI e-Mudra Loan is a digital financing solution from the State Bank of India, designed specifically to support and empower small and micro-businesses across India. This loan offers easy, hassle-free access to funds for budding entrepreneurs and small business owners

JEE Mains 2023: The National Testing Agency, NTA has opened the facility to edit and make corrections on the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) 2023 application form for session 2 exam. BTech, BE and B.Arch candidates who have filled the JEE Mains

The University of Hull, opened the online applications for online master of business administration. The two year MBA global course is available in both online as well as part time and aims to equip the students with expertise and tools required.

Applications are invited to get admission in Kannur University. Registration forms for various programmes across several departments are accessible on Kannur University's official admission webpage. The deadline for applications is 30 May 2023. Students can pursue undergraduate, graduate, and certificate programmes

The University of Kerala, one of India's founding 16 universities, offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in a variety of subjects and is associated with 150 government/private aided and private unaided colleges. M.Ed is a two-year professional course aimed to improve applicants'

Boston : Artech House, [2018]