Sorghum, a short-day tropical plant, has been adapted for temperate grain production, in particular through the selection of variants at the MATURITY loci (Ma1–Ma6) that reduce photoperiod sensitivity. Ma3 encodes phytochrome B (phyB), a red/far-red photochromic biliprotein photoreceptor. The multi-domain gene product, comprising 1178 amino acids, autocatalytically binds the phytochromobilin chromophore to form the photoactive holophytochrome (Sb.phyB). This study describes the development of an efficient heterologous overproduction system which allows the production of large quantities of various holoprotein constructs, along with purification and crystallization procedures. Crystals of the Pr (red-light-absorbing) forms of NPGP, PGP and PG (residues 1–655, 114–655 and 114–458, respectively), each C-terminally tagged with His6, were successfully produced. While NPGP crystals did not diffract, those of PGP and PG diffracted to 6 and 2.1 Å resolution, respectively. Moving the tag to the N-terminus and replacing phytochromobilin with phycocyanobilin as the ligand produced PG crystals that diffracted to 1.8 Å resolution. These results demonstrate that the diffraction quality of challenging protein crystals can be improved by removing flexible regions, shifting fusion tags and altering small-molecule ligands.

Flavorchem began building its Sensory Department after the 2020 opening of the SRS Center for Taste Innovation at their Downers Grove campus. 

Gavan introduces FaTRIX alternative protein-enriched fat ingredient that butters up chef pastries and slashes saturated fat by 80%.

This article examines current and emerging trends in flavors and colors in snack and bakery production.

TrulyNatural Speech-To-Text technology offers unrivaled accuracy and multilingual support in a compact package.

Frogglez swimming goggles were recognized by Sensory Friendly Solutions as one of their Favourite Things. The program recognizes products and services that help people manage sensory sensitivity or reduce sensory overload.

Hammer Head makes Sensory Friendly Solutions' "Favourite Things" list as the world's only in its category. Delivering a much improved aquatic experience and quality of life.

Simple Online Tool Identifies Steps to Create Welcoming Environments for Customers and Team Members

The ninth podcast on the upper limb covers sensory nerve supply of the hand.
See our website for accompanying diagrams

Songbirds swarm their predators and seals appreciate a good rhythm

I smell fried chicken. Is that supposed to happen?

Qin Liu
Aug 1, 2007; 6:1299-1317
Research

The capabilities of the human ear are remarkable. We can normally detect acoustic stimuli down to a threshold sound-pressure level of 0 dB (decibels) at the entrance to the external ear, which elicits eardrum vibrations in the picometer range. From this threshold up to the onset of pain, 120 dB, our ears can encompass sounds that differ in power by a trillionfold. The comprehension of speech and enjoyment of music result from our ability to distinguish between tones that differ in frequency by only 0.2%. All these capabilities vanish upon damage to the ear's receptors, the mechanoreceptive sensory hair cells. Each cochlea, the auditory organ of the inner ear, contains some 16,000 such cells that are frequency-tuned between ~20 Hz (cycles per second) and 20,000 Hz. Remarkably enough, hair cells do not simply capture sound energy: they can also exhibit an active process whereby sound signals are amplified, tuned, and scaled. This article describes the active process in detail and offers evidence that its striking features emerge from the operation of hair cells on the brink of an oscillatory instability—one example of the critical phenomena that are widespread in physics.

Analysis of taste sensory responses has been a powerful approach for understanding principles of taste detection and coding. The shared architecture of external taste sensing units, called sensilla, in insects opened up the study of tastant-evoked responses in any model of choice using a single-sensillum tip recording method that was developed in the mid-1900s. Early studies in blowflies were instrumental for identifying distinct taste neurons based on their responses to specific categories of chemicals. Broader system-wide analyses of whole organs have since been performed in the genetic model insect Drosophila melanogaster, revealing principles of stereotypical organization and function that appear to be evolutionarily conserved. Although limited in scope, investigations of taste sensory responses in mosquitoes showcase conservation in sensillar organization, as well as in groupings of functionally distinct taste neurons in each sensillum. The field is now poised for more thorough dissections of mosquito taste function, which should be of immense value in understanding close-range chemosensory interactions of mosquitoes with their hosts and environment. Here, we provide an introduction to the basic structure of a taste sensillum and functional analysis of the chemosensory neurons within it.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many genetic neurodegenerative diseases, but therapeutic options to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction are limited. While recent studies support the possibility of improving mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics and motility to correct mitochondrial dysfunction and resulting neurodegeneration in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and other neuropathies, the clinical utility of reported compounds and relevance of preclinical models are uncertain. Here, we describe motor and sensory neuron dysfunction characteristic of clinical CMT type 2 A in a CRISPR/Casp-engineered Mfn2 Thr105Met (T105M) mutant knock-in mouse. We further demonstrate that daily oral treatment with a novel mitofusin activator derived from the natural product piperine can reverse these neurologic phenotypes. Piperine derivative 8015 promoted mitochondrial fusion and motility in Mfn2-deficient cells in a mitofusin-dependent manner and reversed mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured fibroblasts and reprogrammed motor neurons from a human CMT2A patient carrying the MFN2 T105M mutation. Like previous mitofusin activators, 8015 exhibited stereospecific functionality, but the more active stereoisomer, 8015-P2, is unique in that it has subnanomolar potency and undergoes entero-hepatic recirculation which extends its in vivo half-life. Daily administration of 8015-P2 to Mfn2 T105M knock-in mice for 6 weeks normalized neuromuscular and sensory dysfunction and corrected histological/ultrastructural neurodegeneration and neurogenic myoatrophy. These studies describe a more clinically relevant mouse model of CMT2A and an improved mitofusin activator derived from piperine. We posit that 8015-P2 and other piperine derivatives may benefit CMT2A or other neurodegenerative conditions wherein mitochondrial dysdynamism plays a contributory role.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

Mitochondrial dysfunction is widespread and broadly contributory in neurodegeneration, but difficult to target therapeutically. Here, we describe 8015-P2, a new small molecule mitofusin activator with ~10-fold greater potency and improved in vivo pharmacokinetics versus comparators, and demonstrate its rapid reversal of sensory and motor neuron dysfunction in an Mfn2 T105M knock-in mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 A. These findings further support the therapeutic approach of targeting mitochondrial dysdynamism in neurodegeneration.

Designing a sensory-friendly bedroom for a child with autism is essential in creating a calming and functional environment that caters to their unique sensory needs. Sensory processing challenges are common among children with autism, meaning that their surroundings can either help regulate their emotions or lead to sensory overload. While companies like Interactive 365 provide […]

The post How To Set Up The Perfect Sensory Bedroom For Kids With Autism appeared first on Chart Attack.

Autistic children exhibited significantly decreased sympathetic activity and increased relaxation in a sensory-adapted dental environment (SADE) during

Cambridge, Massachusetts : The MIT Press, [2024]

Scientists from the Smithsonian and University of British Columbia have discovered a sensory organ in the chin of rorqual whales that communicates to the brain. It orchestrates the dramatic adjustments needed in jaw position and throat-pouch expansion to make lunge feeding successful

The post Scientists discover sensory organ in baleen whales that choreographs movement of their massive jaws and throat-pouch appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

Christmas is about family. Here is a collection of five crafts that you can make as a family to teach the true meaning and symbols of Christmas. Children will learn to identify Christmas using their five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste and touch.

There are many sensory-friendly ways to celebrate Halloween with your child whether you decide to watch a movie or make a Halloween treat -- it's important that you choose an activity that is best suited for your child's needs.

Experts Share Tips for Celebrating the Holidays in a Sensory Friendly Way

ABC Foundations is a drug-free educational remediation center that offers services to children with learning and academic difficulties. Some children struggle with learning and academics due to delay at the brain stem level known as NDD.

In addition to the shoes being released in a soothing range of colors, they have also done away with shoelaces and complex attachments.

The post Now Children With Autism or Sensory Issues Can Buy Vans Shoes Designed Exclusively For Them appeared first on Good News Network.

This invention describes the use of S-abscisic acid (S-ABA) and ethylene producing-agents such as ethephon to synergistically improve red color in grapes and to alter the sensory characteristics of wine.

The present invention provides protein hydrolysate compositions, processes for making protein hydrolysate compositions, and food products comprising protein hydrolysate compositions. The protein hydrolysate compositions generally comprise polypeptide fragments having primarily either an arginine residue or a lysine residue at each carboxyl terminus.

A method of providing a user with an extra-terrestrial somatosensory experience includes equipping the user with an underwater breathing apparatus, having the user occupy an underwater environment, such environment providing buoyancy to the user, and while the user occupies the underwater environment, using a computer-implemented virtual reality system to present to the user a virtual reality environment modeling an extra-terrestrial setting. The virtual reality system inhibits visual perception by the user of items outside of the virtual reality environment so that the user experiences the virtual reality environment under a buoyancy condition provided by the underwater environment. The buoyancy condition enhances the experience of the virtual reality environment.

A display ad system for door handles may include electronics that provide multisensory stimuli. In one embodiment, an end cap includes light and sound triggered by a motion detector. In another embodiment, an end cap includes fan-directed aromas triggered by a motion detector. In a third embodiment, a flexible grid of LED lights backlights the display ad in any time sequence desired, and may be motion-triggered as well. A door handle embodiment may also provide a note board surface as an alternative to showing display ads.

An orally-enjoyable tobacco product includes a portion of smokeless tobacco comprising an active ingredient and either: (1) a collection of tobacco particles at least partially enclosed by a coating comprising a water-soluble non-crosslinked component and a substantially water-insoluble cross-linked component, or (2) a pouch comprising smokeless tobacco enclosed in a water-permeable wrapper. The active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a mercaptan, camphor, borneol, isoborneol, bornyl acetate, isobornyl acetate, mono-bornyl succinate, mono-isobornyl succinate, mono-bornyl formate, and mono-isobornyl formate. The active ingredient is present in an amount effective to reduce or eliminate the sensory irritation arising from the smokeless tobacco. Also disclosed is a method of making such a product.

An article of footwear includes projection members providing sensory feedback. The projection members are movable relative to an upper of the article of footwear. When the upper encounters a surface of an object, the projection members may be displaced in a direction towards wearer's foot. The projection members may be configured so that they are inserted into apertures located on the upper, and extend above an outer surface of the upper.

Spencer McQueen says looking at his art isn’t enough. He wants you to feel his paintings. “It’s just this little extra ability that you can give someone to connect with you and the things that you created,” he says.

Hair cells, the mechanosensory receptors of the inner ear, are responsible for hearing and balance. Hair cell death and consequent hearing loss are common results of treatment with ototoxic drugs, including the widely used aminoglycoside antibiotics. Induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) confers protection against aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death via paracrine signaling that requires extracellular heat shock 70-kDa protein (HSP70). We investigated the mechanisms underlying this non–cell-autonomous protective signaling in the inner ear. In response to heat stress, inner ear tissue releases exosomes that carry HSP70 in addition to canonical exosome markers and other proteins. Isolated exosomes from heat-shocked utricles were sufficient to improve survival of hair cells exposed to the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin, whereas inhibition or depletion of exosomes from the extracellular environment abolished the protective effect of heat shock. Hair cell–specific expression of the known HSP70 receptor TLR4 was required for the protective effect of exosomes, and exosomal HSP70 interacted with TLR4 on hair cells. Our results indicate that exosomes are a previously undescribed mechanism of intercellular communication in the inner ear that can mediate nonautonomous hair cell survival. Exosomes may hold potential as nanocarriers for delivery of therapeutics against hearing loss.

Qin Liu
Aug 1, 2007; 6:1299-1317
Research

Diabetic Keratopathy, a sight-threatening corneal disease, comprises several symptomatic conditions including delayed epithelial wound healing, recurrent erosions, and sensory nerve (SN) neuropathy. We investigated the role of neuropeptides in mediating corneal wound healing, including epithelial wound closure and SN regeneration. Denervation by Resiniferatoxin severely impaired corneal wound healing and markedly up-regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression. Exogenous neuropeptides CGRP, SP, and VIP partially reversed Resiniferatoxin’s effects, with VIP specifically inducing IL-10 expression. Hence, we focused on VIP and observed that wounding induced VIP and VIPR1 expression in normal (NL), but not diabetic (DM) mouse corneas. Targeting VIPR1 in NL corneas attenuated corneal wound healing, dampened wound-induced expression of neurotrophic factors, and exacerbated inflammatory responses while exogenous VIP had the opposite effects in DM corneas. Remarkably, wounding and diabetes also affected the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in a VIP-dependent manner. Downregulating SHH expression in NL corneas decreased, while exogenous SHH in DM corneas increased the rates of corneal wound healing. Furthermore, inhibition of SHH signaling dampened VIP-promoted corneal wound healing. We conclude that VIP regulates epithelial wound healing, inflammatory response, and nerve regeneration in the corneas in a SHH-dependent manner, suggesting a therapeutic potential for these molecules in treating diabetic keratopathy.

Our senses help us understand and navigate our world. They help us feel, see, taste, etc. When one or more of those processes is more or less sensitive to world, life feels different to that person. It is hard to understand what it feels like to have sensory differences unless you have sensory differences. It’s easy to tell someone to ignore a noise that doesn’t seem excessively annoying to you. It’s hard to understand when someone has an intense need for pressure unless you have a similar need. Having these sensory differences can be anxiety producing and stressful. In a classroom, it can make that person less attentive or have a more difficult time sitting still. Kids don’t always have the words or understanding to express what they are feeling. As a result, children who have sensory processing issues are often misunderstood. Sensory issues are often associated with children who have an Autism Spectrum Disorder. There is also an association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and sensory issues. Many times a child will have sensory issues and not have any other disability. Those children may have Sensory Processing disorder, which is a neurological disorder that makes processing and responding to sensory information more difficult. A person with Sensory Processing Disorder may be more or less sensitive than most people to any or all of the senses. Sensory Processing Disorder is not yet widely understood by the majority of people. Most people have an idea about what Autism is or ADHD, but people often do not know about Sensory Processing Disorder. Many school professionals have not learned about it and do not understand it. Many parents have never heard of it. If you have any concerns that your child may have difficulty with sensory processing, I strongly recommend The Out-of-Sync Child: Recognizing and Coping with Sensory Processing Disorder, Revised Edition This book was explains the various types of sensory processing and helps parents to understand what their child may be feeling. It is transformative for a parent to finally understand what is going on with their child. Strategies for the Classroom:

 Often making small changes to the environment can help a child regulate his own body and focus in the classroom. A seating disk fits on a chair and is filled with air. It allows a child to wiggle in his seat, without moving around and causing a distraction. The bumps and the movement can provide the sensory input needed to help a child focus better. The ball chair also allows movement and is good for low tone as well. Weighted lap pads help provide proprioceptive input that helps establish increased body awareness, improves attention span and concentration, and has calming benefits.   Strategies for home: Trampolines provide deep pressure. Also, it is great exercise. For some children, when they start having difficulty regulating his or her body, jumping on the trampoline helps provide the needed pressure and will calm the body after a few minutes. The Body Sock is made of tight material that pushes back against the child's movement. This can help children with coordination and spatial positioning.

 Disclaimer: I am not an Occupational Therapist and am not an expert in this area. I am writing this article to raise awareness in sensory issues that can have a huge impact in the classroom and within a family. Sometimes, minor accommodations can make significant improvements in the life of a child, which I have witnessed firsthand. I encourage any parents who think his or her child may have a sensory issue to seek help through an Occupational Therapist. In most cases, this will fall outside of Special Education and schools, unless the sensory issues are associated with a disability, such as Autism. Some schools are more proactive than others and have more Occupational Therapy support than others. Because OT services are not mandated outside of an IEP or 504 Plan, many schools will not be equipped to help you with this. It is recommended that you seek support through an OT, who can provide individual strategies to use in the classroom and at home.

Sensory marketing is possible for intangible products, services, and ideas. Here are examples from Friction by Roger Dooley.

The post Sensory Marketing for Intangibles appeared first on Neuromarketing.

The capacity to process information in conceptual form is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, yet little is known about how this type of information is encoded in the brain. Although the role of sensory and motor cortical areas has been a focus of recent debate, neuroimaging studies of concept representation consistently implicate a network of heteromodal areas that seem to support concept retrieval in general rather than knowledge related to any particular sensory-motor content. We used predictive machine learning on fMRI data to investigate the hypothesis that cortical areas in this "general semantic network" (GSN) encode multimodal information derived from basic sensory-motor processes, possibly functioning as convergence–divergence zones for distributed concept representation. An encoding model based on five conceptual attributes directly related to sensory-motor experience (sound, color, shape, manipulability, and visual motion) was used to predict brain activation patterns associated with individual lexical concepts in a semantic decision task. When the analysis was restricted to voxels in the GSN, the model was able to identify the activation patterns corresponding to individual concrete concepts significantly above chance. In contrast, a model based on five perceptual attributes of the word form performed at chance level. This pattern was reversed when the analysis was restricted to areas involved in the perceptual analysis of written word forms. These results indicate that heteromodal areas involved in semantic processing encode information about the relative importance of different sensory-motor attributes of concepts, possibly by storing particular combinations of sensory and motor features.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present study used a predictive encoding model of word semantics to decode conceptual information from neural activity in heteromodal cortical areas. The model is based on five sensory-motor attributes of word meaning (color, shape, sound, visual motion, and manipulability) and encodes the relative importance of each attribute to the meaning of a word. This is the first demonstration that heteromodal areas involved in semantic processing can discriminate between different concepts based on sensory-motor information alone. This finding indicates that the brain represents concepts as multimodal combinations of sensory and motor representations.

Barry E. Stein
Jan 2, 2020; 40:3-11
Viewpoints

Peter M. Zygmunt
Jun 1, 2002; 22:4720-4727
Behavioral

We consider the question of how sensory networks enable the detection of sensory stimuli in a combinatorial coding space. We are specifically interested in the olfactory system, wherein recent experimental studies have reported the existence of rich, enigmatic response patterns associated with stimulus onset and offset. This study aims to identify the functional relevance of such response patterns (i.e., what benefits does such neural activity provide in the context of detecting stimuli in a natural environment). We study this problem through the lens of normative, optimization-based modeling. Here, we define the notion of a low-dimensional latent representation of stimulus identity, which is generated through action of the sensory network. The objective of our optimization framework is to ensure high-fidelity tracking of a nominal representation in this latent space in an energy-efficient manner. It turns out that the optimal motifs emerging from this framework possess morphologic similarity with prototypical onset and offset responses observed in vivo in locusts (Schistocerca americana) of either sex. Furthermore, this objective can be exactly achieved by a network with reciprocal excitatory–inhibitory competitive dynamics, similar to interactions between projection neurons and local neurons in the early olfactory system of insects. The derived model also makes several predictions regarding maintenance of robust latent representations in the presence of confounding background information and trade-offs between the energy of sensory activity and resultant behavioral measures such as speed and accuracy of stimulus detection.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A key area of study in olfactory coding involves understanding the transformation from high-dimensional sensory stimulus to low-dimensional decoded representation. Here, we examine not only the dimensionality reduction of this mapping but also its temporal dynamics, with specific focus on stimuli that are temporally continuous. Through optimization-based synthesis, we examine how sensory networks can track representations without prior assumption of discrete trial structure. We show that such tracking can be achieved by canonical network architectures and dynamics, and that the resulting responses resemble observations from neurons in the insect olfactory system. Thus, our results provide hypotheses regarding the functional role of olfactory circuit activity at both single neuronal and population scales.

Preterm infants from 33 gestational weeks can detect specific shape features (prism and cylinder) by touch (without visual control), and remember them; however, nothing is known about such abilities earlier in development.

The preterm infant, even when very immature (from 28 gestational weeks), is endowed with tactile sensory abilities: the exploration and memorization of an object by touch, the discrimination of a novel object, and the recognition of a familiar object after interference. (Read the full article)

Terpene volatiles are found in many important fruit crops, but their relationship to flavor is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate using sensory descriptive and discriminant analysis that 1,8-cineole contributes a key floral/eucalyptus note to the aroma of ripe 'Hort16A’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 1,8-cineole production were identified on linkage groups 27 and 29a in a segregating A. chinensis population, with the QTL on LG29a colocating with a complex cluster of putative terpene synthase (TPS)-encoding genes. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and analysis of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli showed four genes in the cluster (AcTPS1a–AcTPS1d) encoded functional TPS enzymes, which produced predominantly sabinene, 1,8-cineole, geraniol, and springene, respectively. The terpene profile produced by AcTPS1b closely resembled the terpenes detected in red-fleshed A. chinensis. AcTPS1b expression correlated with 1,8-cineole content in developing/ripening fruit and also showed a positive correlation with 1,8-cineole content in the mapping population, indicating the basis for segregation is an expression QTL. Transient overexpression of AcTPS1b in Actinidia eriantha fruit confirmed this gene produced 1,8-cineole in Actinidia. Structure-function analysis showed AcTPS1a and AcTPS1b are natural variants at key TPS catalytic site residues previously shown to change enzyme specificity in vitro. Together, our results indicate that AcTPS1b is a key gene for production of the signature flavor terpene 1,8-cineole in ripe kiwifruit. Using a sensory-directed strategy for compound identification provides a rational approach for applying marker-aided selection to improving flavor in kiwifruit as well as other fruits.

In a video obtained by MailOnline, a source filmed the two singers, aged 46 and 43, having the time of their life at the Channing Tatum crafted dance and acrobatic extravaganza.

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2019.

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