This research aims to establish a valid and accurate measurement scale and identify consumer-driven characteristics for minimalism. The study has employed a hybrid approach to produce items for minimalism. Expert interviews were conducted to identify the items for minimalism in the first phase followed by consumer survey to obtain their response in second phase. A five-point Likert scale was used to collect the data. Further, data was subjected to reliability and validity check. Structural equation modelling was used to test the model. The findings demonstrated that there are five dimensions by which consumers perceive minimalism: decluttering, mindful consumption, aesthetic choices, financial freedom, and sustainable lifestyle. The outcome also revealed a high correlation between simplicity and well-being. This study is the first to provide a reliable and valid instrument for minimalism. The results will have several theoretical and practical ramifications for society and policymakers. It will support policymakers in gauging and encouraging minimalistic practices, which enhance environmental performance and lower carbon footprint.

From Iqra to Alia, brides are switching it up when it comes to their wedding day looks

Blurring lines between the 'inside and outside' this range captivates the ongoing trend to connect with nature.

1st Place Winner: “Delicate” by Hilda Champion The 2024 Minimalist Photography Awards celebrated fine-art photographers who have redefined visual storytelling through simplicity, highlighting the profound beauty in minimalism. The award-winning works, from serene landscapes to striking abstractions, showcase how thoughtful use of negative space and single subjects can evoke deep emotional responses and reveal powerful […]

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Today I have collected some excellent desktop wallpapers dedicated to minimalism. Minimalism is a popular style of design because it keeps things simple and ...

Like any creative medium, web design passes through fashionable design trends that make their mark before slowly fading back into obscurity. However, there’s one design trend (much like a little black dress or wayfarer sunglasses) that never goes out of style: minimalism. Rather than distract users by bombarding them with flashy animations and eye-catching designs, […]

Minimalist style is all about boasting quality over quality. Carefully chosen timeless, versatile pieces comprise a minimalist wardrobe which makes it easy to style your look of the day to appear fuss-free and polished! If you are planning to curate a

National Bureau of Economic Research

Watch a tiny prefab home be 'dropped' into a vacant lot outside of Madrid with not much more than an electric screwdriver and a crane.

Ryan Nicodemus discusses how and why he and Joshua Fields Millburn left successful careers, ditched most of their stuff, and set up shop in a Montana cabin.

Creating a presentation is one of the best ways to convey information to a wide audience in an easy-to-follow manner. Such presentations are often made using attractive and unique designs to help draw-in viewers. One style that has remained popular among presentation designers throughout the years is “minimalist” presentations. Minimalist presentations rely on the concept...

When carried out in a lab, user experience research is gear heavy. You need technology to record audio, video and the screen of the device under test. In contrast, when carried out in the field, user experience research is more lightweight. Even so, there are a few non-obvious items of kit that I find essential on a field visit.

If you’re not put off by its low-key, text-centered nature you're likely to fall for this thoughtful, serene game.

Roger Koenker, Jiaying Gu.

Source: Statistical Science, Volume 34, Number 2, 209--213.

Abstract:
Efron’s elegant approach to $g$-modeling for empirical Bayes problems is contrasted with an implementation of the Kiefer–Wolfowitz nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for mixture models for several examples. The latter approach has the advantage that it is free of tuning parameters and consequently provides a relatively simple complementary method.

ABSTRACT

Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum is a mesophilic, anaerobic, butanol-producing bacterium, originally isolated from soil. It was recently reported that C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum possesses multiple cellulosomal elements and would potentially form the smallest cellulosome known in nature. Its genome contains only eight dockerin-bearing enzymes, and its unique scaffoldin bears two cohesins (Cohs), three X2 modules, and two carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). In this study, all of the cellulosome-related modules were cloned, expressed, and purified. The recombinant cohesins, dockerins, and CBMs were tested for binding activity using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based techniques. All the enzymes were tested for their comparative enzymatic activity on seven different cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates, thus revealing four cellulases, a xylanase, a mannanase, a xyloglucanase, and a lichenase. All dockerin-containing enzymes interacted similarly with the second cohesin (Coh2) module, whereas Coh1 was more restricted in its interaction pattern. In addition, the polysaccharide-binding properties of the CBMs within the scaffoldin were examined by two complementary assays, affinity electrophoresis and affinity pulldown. The scaffoldin of C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum exhibited high affinity for cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates, specifically to microcrystalline cellulose and xyloglucan. Evidence that supports substrate-dependent in vivo secretion of cellulosomes is presented. The results of our analyses contribute to a better understanding of simple cellulosome systems by identifying the key players in this minimalistic system and the binding pattern of its cohesin-dockerin interaction. The knowledge gained by our study will assist further exploration of similar minimalistic cellulosomes and will contribute to the significance of specific sets of defined cellulosomal enzymes in the degradation of cellulosic biomass.

IMPORTANCE Cellulosome-producing bacteria are considered among the most important bacteria in both mesophilic and thermophilic environments, owing to their capacity to deconstruct recalcitrant plant-derived polysaccharides (and notably cellulose) into soluble saccharides for subsequent processing. In many ecosystems, the cellulosome-producing bacteria are particularly effective "first responders." The massive amounts of sugars produced are potentially amenable in industrial settings to further fermentation by appropriate microbes to biofuels, notably ethanol and butanol. Among the solvent-producing bacteria, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum has the smallest cellulosome system known thus far. The importance of investigating the building blocks of such a small, multifunctional nanomachine is crucial to understanding the fundamental activities of this efficient enzymatic complex.

With everything happening in one space, studio apartments can often feel too cluttered. This Sydney apartments gets a space makeover with the addition of a clever multifunctional unit that partitions the space and stores things out of sight.

Which of these two images does your place look like?

A roaming freelance photographer and writer go on the road in this self-built live-work space on wheels.

It's a multifunctional space that hides everything behind its pared-down walls.

This modern prefab from Italy is conceived with energy efficiency and ease of assembly in mind.

The modern movement started as a way of dealing with tuberculosis. The same rules apply today.

Tiny houses don't have to be overly cute and rustic, as this little modern home shows.

All work and no play? Here's a work space with some playful humor built in.

These bags are built to last, both in terms of usability and style.

Every kitchen should have one of these, and now it can fit right in.

Designed with the ultra-minimalist office in mind, this all-wood desk has a lot of concealed places to stash your clutter.

This sturdy bed helps to declutter small spaces by combining sleeping and storage.

Becker's latest work is not only a how-to guide, but an invitation to reevaluate all aspects of your life.

Made from wood and recycled movie film, it's perfect for small homes or urban renters always on the move.

Made in Australia out of a solar-powered workshop, this gorgeous little home incorporates a great layout and clever features.

This tasteful van home features a comfortable interior, and includes a removable bed to allow for transporting larger cargo.

This couple applied precious life lessons -- learned from years of bicycle touring -- into designing their modern tiny house on foundations.

Keep your cards, your cash, and your iPhone safe with these durable, water resistant accessories made from a renewable and sustainable material.

If you'd like to get the junk out of your back pocket or purse, consider downsizing into a wallet such as this one, which holds just the essentials.

These beautiful and affordable handcrafted timepieces, made from natural and renewable materials, could also serve as a catalyst for conversations about sustainable goods.

Created by Argentine designer José Manuel Rebert Alarcon, the sleek alternative to a dead tree allows other uses during the year.

Kim Kardashian and Kanye West have opened the doors to their futuristic Los Angeles mansion, giving fans the first proper look inside the incredible concept home.

It is the time of the year that puts everyone in festive spirits. With Christmas just around the corner, and that means it is time to pull up your sleeves and sparkle your home with the Christmas elements. When we think

Schonlau, Julia

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