biology Will Synthetic Biology Save the World? By www.wconline.com Published On :: Sun, 01 Sep 2013 00:00:00 -0400 What do skin moisturizer, anti-malarial drugs and diesel fuel all have in common? Full Article
biology GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY mini-symposium (November 14, 2024 9:00am) By events.umich.edu Published On :: Mon, 04 Nov 2024 13:42:17 -0500 Event Begins: Thursday, November 14, 2024 9:00am Location: Dana Natural Resources Building Organized By: Institute for Global Change Biology IGCB Join Us for the Institute for Global Change Biology Mini-Symposium! Explore the cutting-edge research advancing our understanding of public health, sustainability, and ecology at the Institute for Global Change Biology's upcoming mini-symposium. This event will highlight diverse and impactful projects led by our postdoctoral research fellows, showcasing insights that address pressing global challenges. Enjoy a day of science, discussion, and discovery—with snacks and lunch provided! 09:00 Coffee/Tea 09:30 Khandaker Jafor Ahmed: Exploring climate, health, and environment in coastal vs. Lake Victoria regions of Kenya 09:45 Stephanie Schmiege: Living at the edge: Physiological controls of the northern limits of treeline 10:00 Leo Ohyama: Macroecological dynamics of ant colony sizes 10:15 Hengxing Zou: Functional shifts of North American avian communities over half a century 10:30 Kirby Mills: Fire and drought conditions reshape habitat suitability for large mammals in the American West 10:45 Sarah Raubenheimer: Competition and functional traits mediate CO2 fertilization of plant growth 11:00 Coffee/Tea Snacks 11:20 Wenqi Luo: Continental-scale evaluation of soil fungal biodiversity under future climate and land-use changes 11:35 Liting Zheng: Plant functional trait responses to long-term elevated CO2 and nitrogen enrichment, and consequences for outcomes of species interactions 11:50 Tsun Fung Au: Tree growth responses to drought, CO2, and nitrogen deposition 12:05 Thiago Gonçalves Souza: Increasing species turnover does not alleviate biodiversity loss in fragmented landscapes 12:20 Kara Dobson: A global meta-analysis of passive experimental warming effects on plant traits and community properties 12:35 Katie Rocci: Integrating microbial community data into ecosystem-scale models in the face of climate change 12:50 Lunch Full Article Conference / Symposium
biology Biology in Practice By cheezburger.com Published On :: Tue, 13 Sep 2011 12:00:00 -0700 Full Article biology facepalm Featured Fail pages really school
biology Clinical Microbiology Market worth $6.9 billion by 2029 By www.emailwire.com Published On :: Fri, 25 Oct 2024 00:00:00 -0700 (EMAILWIRE.COM, October 25, 2024 ) The global Clinical Microbiology Market growth in terms of revenue was estimated to be worth $5.0 billion in 2024 and is poised to reach $6.9 billion by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 6.5% from 2024 to 2029. The clinical microbiology market is driven by several key... Full Article
biology Synthetic Biology Market worth $31.52 billion in 2029 By www.emailwire.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0800 (EMAILWIRE.COM, November 12, 2024 ) The global Synthetic Biology Market is projected to reach USD 31.52 billion in 2029 from USD 12.33 billion in 2024, with a significant CAGR of 20.6%. Rising demand for bio-based products, growing demand for personalized therapies, especially in gene and cell therapies,... Full Article
biology Biology must develop its own big-data systems By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Mon, 15 Jul 2013 16:54:00 +0300 Too many data-management projects fail because they ignore the changing nature of life-sciences data, argues John Boyle. From: Nature/Column: World View The last week of April was designated Big Data Week. But in modern biology, every week is big-data week: life-sciences research now routinely churns out more information than scientists can analyse without help. That help increasingly comes in the form of expensive data-management systems, but these are hard to design and most are even harder to use. As a result, a long line of data-management projects in the life sciences — many of which I have been involved with — have failed. The size, complexity and heterogeneity of the data generated in labs across the world can only increase, and the introduction of cloud computing will encourage the same mistakes. Just a stone's throw from where I work, at least three computer companies are already touting cloud-based data-management systems for the life sciences. We need to find ways to manage and integrate data to make discoveries in fields such as genomics, and we need to do this quickly. At their most basic, data-management systems allow people to organize and share information. In the case of small amounts of uniform data from a single experiment, this can be done with a spreadsheet. But with multiple experiments that produce diverse data — on gene expression, metabolites and protein abundance, for example — we need something more sophisticated. An ideal data-management system would store data, provide common and secure access methods, and allow for linking, annotation and a way to query and retrieve information. It would be able to cope with data in different locations — on remote servers, on desktops, in a database or spread across different machines — and formats, including spreadsheets, badly named files, blogs or even scanned-in notebooks. Read the full article here. Origial Source: Nature 499, 7 (04 July 2013) doi:10.1038/499007a Full Article News
biology Conservation Biology Special Section: "Conservation in Europe as a model for emerging conservation issues globally By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Mon, 01 Jun 2015 15:06:00 +0300 A Special Section: "Conservation in Europe as a model for emerging conservation issues globally" is featured in the Early View module of Conservation Biology online. The section includes: Mapping opportunities and challenges for rewilding in Europe Silvia Ceaușu, Max Hofmann, Laetitia M. Navarro, Steve Carver, Peter H. Verburg and Henrique M. Pereira DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12533 Conservation in Europe as a model for emerging conservation issues globally Luigi Boitani and William J. Sutherland DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12530 The alignment of agricultural and nature conservation policies in the European Union Ian Hodge, Jennifer Hauck and Aletta Bonn DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12531 Scenarios of large mammal loss in Europe for the 21st century Carlo Rondinini and Piero Visconti DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12532 On how much biodiversity is covered in Europe by national protected areas and by the Natura 2000 network: insights from terrestrial vertebrates L. Maiorano, G. Amori, A. Montemaggiori, C. Rondinini, L. Santini, S. Saura and L. Boitani DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12535 The role of agri-environment schemes in conservation and environmental management Péter Batáry, Lynn V. Dicks, David Kleijn and William J. Sutherland DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12536 Framing the relationship between people and nature in the context of European conservation John D. C. Linnell, Petra Kaczensky, Ulrich Wotschikowsky, Nicolas Lescureux and Luigi Boitani DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12534 Full Article News
biology The iEvoBio Meeting: intersection of biology, software, and mathematics By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Fri, 22 Mar 2013 14:27:49 +0200 The iEvoBio Meeting, 2013, will take place in Snowbird, Utah between June 25-26, in conjunction with Evolution 2013. It aims to bring together biologists working in evolution, systematics and biodiversity, with software developers, and mathematicians.The keynote speakers for iEvoBio 2013 will be Dr. Heather Piwowar and Dr. Holly Bik.Submissions for participation in the conference are now open. There are three ways to participate:- Lightning Talk: present for 5 min on a method, idea, or software product about bioinformatics.- Software Bazaar: Demo your open-source software product.- Birds of a Feather: Suggest or participate in an informal group of folks with a common interest. Suggestions will be considered both before and during the meeting. Find out the whole Program here.More details about registration can be found here. Full Article Events
biology International Congress for Conservation Biology 2013 By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Wed, 20 Feb 2013 18:28:00 +0200 The biennial International Congress for Conservation Biology is recognized as the most important global meeting for conservation professionals and students. The congress features a dynamic scientific program with more than 100 cutting edge symposia, workshops, posters, and focus groups; countless networking opportunities, fantastic field trips, and world-renowned speakers.The 26th ICCB takes place in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay in Baltimore's Inner Harbor. Chesapeake Bay is the world's most productive estuary and the region is rich in cultural and historical heritage and conservation challenges and success stories.Event web page: ICCB 2013 Full Article Events
biology ICCB : 27th International Congress for Conservation Biology 4th European Congress for Conservation Biology By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Wed, 10 Sep 2014 09:42:00 +0300 The ICCB : 27th International Congress for Conservation Biology 4th European Congress for Conservation Biology will take place from 2 to 6 August, 2015 in Montpellier - France. SCB’s International and European Congress for Conservation Biology (ICCB & ECCB) are the most important international meeting for conservation professionals and students. They are a forum for addressing conservation challenges and for presenting new research and developments in conservation science and practice. Most importantly, ICCBs and ECCBs connect our global community of conservation professionals and are the major networking outlet for anyone interested in conservation. The meeting theme is 'Mission biodiversity: choosing new paths for conservation', and as such we intend that ICCB-ECCB 2015 is a transdisciplinary meeting and delegates attend from a range of professions and sectors. Conservation biology has always had socioeconomic relevance but it is clear that biologists need to undertake interdisciplinary collaborations from the first inception of projects, through to implementation and dissemination of outputs. The programme will emphasise science-policy and science-society dialogues using interactive sessions and symposia. GEO BON plans a 3-hour symposium "Essential Biodiversity Variables for conservation needs" at the ICCB-ECCB conference in Montpellier. This symposium will be about EBV developments, EBV's for CBD and national needs and EBV dataflows. Contact Person: Jörg Freyhof (Executive Director of GEO BON; joerg.freyhof@idiv.de The call for Symposia, Thematic Poster Exhibitions, Workshops, Round Table Discussions and Training Course Proposals is now open! The deadline is 31st October 2014 and notification of the results will be given prior to December 1st 2014. For more information, please visit the event's dedicated website at: http://www.iccb-eccb2015.org/frontpage Full Article Events
biology IUBS 2015 Frontiers in Unified Biology By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Mon, 12 Oct 2015 14:58:00 +0300 The 32rd International Union of Biological Sciences General Assembly and Conference will take place from 14 to16 December 2015 in Berlin, Germany. Symposia: Biological Consequences of Global Change: current challenges Building an Informatics Agenda that will deliver a Unified Biology Integrated Biology Education for Future Earth Integrative Climate Change Biology - Biodiversity, functional traits, and lessons from the past BioNomenclature: Making nomenclatural codes, concepts and tools fit for modern research Biology and the Societal Interfaces From Urban Biology to sustainable BiodiverCities More information available on teh official conference website. Full Article Events
biology Introduction of the Capsules environment to support further growth of the SBGrid structural biology software collection By journals.iucr.org Published On :: 2024-06-04 The expansive scientific software ecosystem, characterized by millions of titles across various platforms and formats, poses significant challenges in maintaining reproducibility and provenance in scientific research. The diversity of independently developed applications, evolving versions and heterogeneous components highlights the need for rigorous methodologies to navigate these complexities. In response to these challenges, the SBGrid team builds, installs and configures over 530 specialized software applications for use in the on-premises and cloud-based computing environments of SBGrid Consortium members. To address the intricacies of supporting this diverse application collection, the team has developed the Capsule Software Execution Environment, generally referred to as Capsules. Capsules rely on a collection of programmatically generated bash scripts that work together to isolate the runtime environment of one application from all other applications, thereby providing a transparent cross-platform solution without requiring specialized tools or elevated account privileges for researchers. Capsules facilitate modular, secure software distribution while maintaining a centralized, conflict-free environment. The SBGrid platform, which combines Capsules with the SBGrid collection of structural biology applications, aligns with FAIR goals by enhancing the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability of scientific software, ensuring seamless functionality across diverse computing environments. Its adaptability enables application beyond structural biology into other scientific fields. Full Article text
biology Surface-mutagenesis strategies to enable structural biology crystallization platforms By journals.iucr.org Published On :: 2024-08-29 A key prerequisite for the successful application of protein crystallography in drug discovery is to establish a robust crystallization system for a new drug-target protein fast enough to deliver crystal structures when the first inhibitors have been identified in the hit-finding campaign or, at the latest, in the subsequent hit-to-lead process. The first crucial step towards generating well folded proteins with a high likelihood of crystallizing is the identification of suitable truncation variants of the target protein. In some cases an optimal length variant alone is not sufficient to support crystallization and additional surface mutations need to be introduced to obtain suitable crystals. In this contribution, four case studies are presented in which rationally designed surface modifications were key to establishing crystallization conditions for the target proteins (the protein kinases Aurora-C, IRAK4 and BUB1, and the KRAS–SOS1 complex). The design process which led to well diffracting crystals is described and the crystal packing is analysed to understand retrospectively how the specific surface mutations promoted successful crystallization. The presented design approaches are routinely used in our team to support the establishment of robust crystallization systems which enable structure-guided inhibitor optimization for hit-to-lead and lead-optimization projects in pharmaceutical research. Full Article text
biology Structural characterization of TIR-domain signalosomes through a combination of structural biology approaches By journals.iucr.org Published On :: 2024-08-27 The TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain represents a vital structural element shared by proteins with roles in immunity signalling pathways across phyla (from humans and plants to bacteria). Decades of research have finally led to identifying the key features of the molecular basis of signalling by these domains, including the formation of open-ended (filamentous) assemblies (responsible for the signalling by cooperative assembly formation mechanism, SCAF) and enzymatic activities involving the cleavage of nucleotides. We present a historical perspective of the research that led to this understanding, highlighting the roles that different structural methods played in this process: X-ray crystallography (including serial crystallography), microED (micro-crystal electron diffraction), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and cryo-EM (cryogenic electron microscopy) involving helical reconstruction and single-particle analysis. This perspective emphasizes the complementarity of different structural approaches. Full Article text
biology National Academies Name Biology Teaching Fellows and Mentors By Published On :: Tue, 21 Feb 2006 06:00:00 GMT The National Academies have bestowed the title of Education Fellow in the Life Sciences to 42 educators around the country who successfully completed a summer institute aimed at fostering innovative approaches to teaching undergraduate biology. Full Article
biology New Report Proposes Framework to Identify Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology By Published On :: Mon, 21 Aug 2017 05:00:00 GMT Given the possible security vulnerabilities related to developments in synthetic biology – a field that uses technologies to modify or create organisms or biological components – a new report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine proposes a framework to identify and prioritize potential areas of concern associated with the field. Full Article
biology If Misused, Synthetic Biology Could Expand the Possibility of Creating New Weapons - DOD Should Continue to Monitor Advances in the Field, New Report Says By Published On :: Tue, 19 Jun 2018 05:00:00 GMT Synthetic biology expands the possibilities for creating new weapons — including making existing bacteria and viruses more harmful — while decreasing the time required to engineer such organisms, concludes a new report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Full Article
biology NASA Should Expand the Search for Life in the Universe and Make Astrobiology an Integral Part of its Missions, Says New Report By Published On :: Wed, 10 Oct 2018 05:00:00 GMT To advance the search for life in the universe, NASA should support research on a broader range of biosignatures and environments, and incorporate the field of astrobiology into all stages of future exploratory missions, says a new congressionally mandated report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Full Article
biology Hannah Romeo Recognized for Excellence in Microbiology By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Thu, 10 Oct 2024 08:00:00 GMT Hannah Romeo serves as a microbiologist for the Celsis Applications Lab at Charles River Laboratories Full Article
biology Marquis Who's Who Honors Joseph M. Lary for Expertise in Epidemiology, Developmental Biology and Consulting By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Tue, 22 Oct 2024 08:00:00 GMT Joseph M. Lary is lauded for his work at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Hood and Associates Full Article
biology Marquis Who's Who Selects Jaime Zsiros for Expertise in Marine Biology and Environmental Science By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 08:00:00 GMT Ms. Jaime Zsiros is lauded as the director of business development at Mitigation Resources of North America Full Article
biology Marquis Who's Who Selects Sounak Ghosh Roy, PhD, for Contributions to Biology By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Mon, 24 Apr 2023 08:00:00 GMT Dr. Sounak Ghosh Roy is recognized for his research as it relates to infectious diseases and emerging viruses Full Article
biology Arpita Bose, PhD, Honored by Marquis Who's Who for Advancements in Microbiology By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Wed, 17 Apr 2024 08:00:00 GMT Arpita Bose is an award-winning scientist and a distinguished educator Full Article
biology Dr. Osama O. Ibrahim Celebrated for Dedication to the Field of Microbiology By www.24-7pressrelease.com Published On :: Fri, 05 Apr 2024 08:00:00 GMT Osama Ibrahim, PhD lends years of expertise to his work with Bio Innovation Full Article
biology From Abyssal Depths to Astrobiology: How Dark Oxygen Is Shaping Our Understanding of Life By www.labroots.com Published On :: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 15:45:00 -0700 What can deep ocean life teach us about finding life on other worlds? This is what a recent study published in Nature Geoscience hopes to address as an int Full Article Space & Astronomy
biology Labroots 2024 Microbiology Virtual Event Poster Winner: Laura Alguacil Cuéllar By www.labroots.com Published On :: Mon, 23 Sep 2024 16:05:00 -0700 Labroots’ virtual events are excellent ways to connect with great people and collaborate on research within your field. These events have attendees f Full Article Technology
biology Program in Biology & Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience Events 2024 - 2025 (November 13, 2024 11:00am) By events.umich.edu Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 06:20:35 -0500 Event Begins: Wednesday, November 13, 2024 11:00am Location: Biological Sciences Building Atrium (BSB) Organized By: Sessions @ Michigan Events in this track are open to all current and prospective PiB and UPiN students. We hope to see you! Full Article Workshop / Seminar
biology Proteomic profiling reveals diagnostic signatures and pathogenic insights in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children | Communications Biology - Nature.com By news.google.com Published On :: Wed, 05 Jun 2024 07:00:00 GMT Proteomic profiling reveals diagnostic signatures and pathogenic insights in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children | Communications Biology Nature.com Full Article
biology Novel FFPE proteomics method suggests prolactin induced protein as hormone induced cytoskeleton remodeling spatial biomarker | Communications Biology - Nature.com By news.google.com Published On :: Sat, 08 Jun 2024 07:00:00 GMT Novel FFPE proteomics method suggests prolactin induced protein as hormone induced cytoskeleton remodeling spatial biomarker | Communications Biology Nature.com Full Article
biology EXCRETE workflow enables deep proteomics of the microbial extracellular environment | Communications Biology - Nature.com By news.google.com Published On :: Wed, 25 Sep 2024 07:00:00 GMT EXCRETE workflow enables deep proteomics of the microbial extracellular environment | Communications Biology Nature.com Full Article
biology Automated single-cell proteomics providing sufficient proteome depth to study complex biology beyond cell type classifications - Nature.com By news.google.com Published On :: Mon, 08 Jul 2024 07:00:00 GMT Automated single-cell proteomics providing sufficient proteome depth to study complex biology beyond cell type classifications Nature.com Full Article
biology The Biology Of Sex By www.npr.org Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 04:01:48 +0000 Many of us were taught biological sex is a question of female or male, XX or XY ... but it's far more complicated. This hour, TED speakers explore what determines our sex. Guests on the show include artist Emily Quinn, journalist Molly Webster, neuroscientist Lisa Mosconi, and structural biologist Karissa Sanbonmatsu.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy Full Article
biology Listen Again: The Biology Of Sex By www.npr.org Published On :: Fri, 14 Aug 2020 04:01:35 +0000 Original broadcast date: May 8, 2020. Many of us were taught biological sex is a question of female or male, XX or XY ... but it's far more complicated. This hour, TED speakers explore what determines our sex. Guests on the show include artist Emily Quinn, journalist Molly Webster, neuroscientist Lisa Mosconi, and structural biologist Karissa Sanbonmatsu.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy Full Article
biology Listen Again: The Biology Of Sex By www.npr.org Published On :: Fri, 16 Jul 2021 04:01:54 +0000 Original broadcast date: May 8, 2020. Many of us were taught biological sex is a question of female or male, XX or XY ... but it's far more complicated. This hour, TED speakers explore what determines our sex. Guests on the show include artist Emily Quinn, journalist Molly Webster, neuroscientist Lisa Mosconi, and structural biologist Karissa Sanbonmatsu.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy Full Article
biology Listen Again: The Biology Of Sex By www.npr.org Published On :: Fri, 15 Apr 2022 04:01:35 +0000 Original broadcast date: May 8, 2020. Many of us were taught biological sex is a question of female or male, XX or XY... but it's far more complicated. This hour, TED speakers explore what determines our sex. Guests on the show include artist Emily Quinn, journalist Molly Webster, neuroscientist Lisa Mosconi, and structural biologist Karissa Sanbonmatsu.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy Full Article
biology University of Toronto physicists discover new laws governing the “developmental biology of materials” By media.utoronto.ca Published On :: Mon, 22 Feb 2016 18:47:38 +0000 Toronto, ON – When one atom first meets another, the precise nature of that interaction can determine much about what kinds of physical properties and behaviours will emerge. In a paper published today in Nature Physics, a team led by U of T physicist Joseph Thywissen reported their discovery of a new set of rules […] Full Article Media Releases Science University of Toronto
biology Proteomics in systems biology : methods and protocols By search.lib.uiowa.edu Published On :: Location: Sciences Library Library- QH506.M45 v.1394 Full Article
biology Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient 1. Biology of Tissue Regeneration By search.lib.uiowa.edu Published On :: Location: Electronic Resource- Full Article
biology Research in Computational Molecular Biology 20th Annual Conference, RECOMB 2016, Santa Monica, CA, USA, April 17-21, 2016, Proceedings By search.lib.uiowa.edu Published On :: Location: Electronic Resource- Full Article
biology Synthetic Biology Analysed Tools for Discussion and Evaluation By search.lib.uiowa.edu Published On :: Location: Electronic Resource- Full Article
biology Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Methods By search.lib.uiowa.edu Published On :: Location: Electronic Resource- Full Article
biology Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols Ultrastructure and Imaging By search.lib.uiowa.edu Published On :: Location: Electronic Resource- Full Article
biology The Biology Of Why Coronavirus Is So Deadly By scienceblogs.com Published On :: Thu, 02 Apr 2020 18:02:27 +0000 The Biology Of Why Coronavirus Is So Deadly COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses belong to a group of viruses that infect animals, from peacocks to whales. They’re named for the bulb-tipped spikes that project from the virus’s surface and give the appearance of a corona surrounding it. A coronavirus infection usually plays out one of two ways: as an infection in the lungs that includes some cases of what people would call the common cold, or as an infection in the gut that causes diarrhea. COVID-19 starts out in the lungs like the common cold coronaviruses, but then causes havoc with the immune system that can lead to long-term lung damage or death. SARS-CoV-2 is genetically very similar to other human respiratory coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, the subtle genetic differences translate to significant differences in how readily a coronavirus infects people and how it makes them sick. SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (pink dots) on a dying cell. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH SARS-CoV-2 has all the same genetic equipment as the original SARS-CoV, which caused a global outbreak in 2003, but with around 6,000 mutations sprinkled around in the usual places where coronaviruses change. Think whole milk versus skim milk. Compared to other human coronaviruses like MERS-CoV, which emerged in the Middle East in 2012, the new virus has customized versions of the same general equipment for invading cells and copying itself. However, SARS-CoV-2 has a totally different set of genes called accessories, which give this new virus a little advantage in specific situations. For example, MERS has a particular protein that shuts down a cell’s ability to sound the alarm about a viral intruder. SARS-CoV-2 has an unrelated gene with an as-yet unknown function in that position in its genome. Think cow milk versus almond milk. How the virus infects Every coronavirus infection starts with a virus particle, a spherical shell that protects a single long string of genetic material and inserts it into a human cell. The genetic material instructs the cell to make around 30 different parts of the virus, allowing the virus to reproduce. The cells that SARS-CoV-2 prefers to infect have a protein called ACE2 on the outside that is important for regulating blood pressure. The infection begins when the long spike proteins that protrude from the virus particle latch on to the cell’s ACE2 protein. From that point, the spike transforms, unfolding and refolding itself using coiled spring-like parts that start out buried at the core of the spike. The reconfigured spike hooks into the cell and crashes the virus particle and cell together. This forms a channel where the string of viral genetic material can snake its way into the unsuspecting cell. An illustration of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shown from the side (left) and top. The protein latches onto human lung cells. 5-HT2AR/Wikimedia SARS-CoV-2 spreads from person to person by close contact. The Shincheonji Church outbreak in South Korea in February provides a good demonstration of how and how quickly SARS-CoV-2 spreads. It seems one or two people with the virus sat face to face very close to uninfected people for several minutes at a time in a crowded room. Within two weeks, several thousand people in the country were infected, and more than half of the infections at that point were attributable to the church. The outbreak got to a fast start because public health authorities were unaware of the potential outbreak and were not testing widely at that stage. Since then, authorities have worked hard and the number of new cases in South Korea has been falling steadily. How the virus makes people sick SARS-CoV-2 grows in type II lung cells, which secrete a soap-like substance that helps air slip deep into the lungs, and in cells lining the throat. As with SARS, most of the damage in COVID-19, the illness caused by the new coronavirus, is caused by the immune system carrying out a scorched earth defense to stop the virus from spreading. Millions of cells from the immune system invade the infected lung tissue and cause massive amounts of damage in the process of cleaning out the virus and any infected cells. Each COVID-19 lesion ranges from the size of a grape to the size of a grapefruit. The challenge for health care workers treating patients is to support the body and keep the blood oxygenated while the lung is repairing itself. How SARS-CoV-2 infects, sickens and kills people SARS-CoV-2 has a sliding scale of severity. Patients under age 10 seem to clear the virus easily, most people under 40 seem to bounce back quickly, but older people suffer from increasingly severe COVID-19. The ACE2 protein that SARS-CoV-2 uses as a door to enter cells is also important for regulating blood pressure, and it does not do its job when the virus gets there first. This is one reason COVID-19 is more severe in people with high blood pressure. SARS-CoV-2 is more severe than seasonal influenza in part because it has many more ways to stop cells from calling out to the immune system for help. For example, one way that cells try to respond to infection is by making interferon, the alarm signaling protein. SARS-CoV-2 blocks this by a combination of camouflage, snipping off protein markers from the cell that serve as distress beacons and finally shredding any anti-viral instructions that the cell makes before they can be used. As a result, COVID-19 can fester for a month, causing a little damage each day, while most people get over a case of the flu in less than a week. At present, the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 is a little higher than that of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, but SARS-CoV-2 is at least 10 times as deadly. From the data that is available now, COVID-19 seems a lot like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), though it’s less likely than SARS to be severe. What isn’t known There are still many mysteries about this virus and coronaviruses in general – the nuances of how they cause disease, the way they interact with proteins inside the cell, the structure of the proteins that form new viruses and how some of the basic virus-copying machinery works. Another unknown is how COVID-19 will respond to changes in the seasons. The flu tends to follow cold weather, both in the northern and southern hemispheres. Some other human coronaviruses spread at a low level year-round, but then seem to peak in the spring. But nobody really knows for sure why these viruses vary with the seasons. What is amazing so far in this outbreak is all the good science that has come out so quickly. The research community learned about structures of the virus spike protein and the ACE2 protein with part of the spike protein attached just a little over a month after the genetic sequence became available. I spent my first 20 or so years working on coronaviruses without the benefit of either. This bodes well for better understanding, preventing and treating COVID-19. By Benjamin Neuman, Professor of Biology, Texas A&M University-Texarkana. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article. The Conversation Thu, 04/02/2020 - 14:02 Categories Life Sciences Full Article
biology Algae here, alien life out there — Cal State L.A.-JPL partnership connects engineers to astrobiology By www.latimes.com Published On :: Tue, 20 Aug 2024 10:00:50 GMT JPL hires Cal State Los Angeles civil engineering students with NASA grant. The interns can do research for NASA and learn about connections between astrobiology and science here on Earth. Full Article
biology Transforming 3D biology using AI: Tomocube’s HT-X1™ Plus accelerates cellular and organoids label-free analysis By www.the-scientist.com Published On :: Thu, 31 Oct 2024 20:12:24 GMT This new system raises the bar in high-resolution, high-throughput 3D imaging for cells and organoids, providing researchers with faster, more detailed, and more accurate insights into biological processes. Full Article The Scientist The Marketplace
biology Sapient Partners with Rancho BioSciences to Accelerate the Next Generation of its Human Biology Database By www.the-scientist.com Published On :: Fri, 01 Nov 2024 14:57:54 GMT Infrastructure expansion will enable rapid ingestion, homogenization of new multi-omics and real-world data for accelerated delivery of multidimensional insights to inform drug development Full Article The Scientist The Marketplace
biology Jacques Fresco, 'a major figure in the birth of modern molecular biology,' dies at 93 By www.princeton.edu Published On :: Tue, 04 Jan 2022 15:20:00 -0500 Jacques R. Fresco, the emeritus Damon B. Pfeiffer Professor in the Life Sciences and an emeritus professor of molecular biology, died on Dec. 5. He served on Princeton's faculty for 53 years before retiring in July 2013. Full Article
biology Austin Newton, 'pioneer in molecular biology,' dies at 85 By www.princeton.edu Published On :: Tue, 14 Jun 2022 17:31:34 -0400 Austin Newton, a founding member of the Department of Molecular Biology, established a new experimental system and mentored generations of undergraduates, graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. He died May 13 in Princeton at age 85. Full Article
biology The endosomal trafficking regulator LITAF controls the cardiac Nav1.5 channel via the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2 [Computational Biology] By www.jbc.org Published On :: 2020-12-25T00:06:30-08:00 The QT interval is a recording of cardiac electrical activity. Previous genome-wide association studies identified genetic variants that modify the QT interval upstream of LITAF (lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor), a protein encoding a regulator of endosomal trafficking. However, it was not clear how LITAF might impact cardiac excitation. We investigated the effect of LITAF on the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5, which is critical for cardiac depolarization. We show that overexpressed LITAF resulted in a significant increase in the density of Nav1.5-generated voltage-gated sodium current INa and Nav1.5 surface protein levels in rabbit cardiomyocytes and in HEK cells stably expressing Nav1.5. Proximity ligation assays showed co-localization of endogenous LITAF and Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes, whereas co-immunoprecipitations confirmed they are in the same complex when overexpressed in HEK cells. In vitro data suggest that LITAF interacts with the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2, a regulator of Nav1.5. LITAF overexpression down-regulated NEDD4-2 in cardiomyocytes and HEK cells. In HEK cells, LITAF increased ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of co-expressed NEDD4-2 and significantly blunted the negative effect of NEDD4-2 on INa. We conclude that LITAF controls cardiac excitability by promoting degradation of NEDD4-2, which is essential for removal of surface Nav1.5. LITAF-knockout zebrafish showed increased variation in and a nonsignificant 15% prolongation of action potential duration. Computer simulations using a rabbit-cardiomyocyte model demonstrated that changes in Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis are responsible for the surprisingly modest action potential duration shortening. These computational data thus corroborate findings from several genome-wide association studies that associated LITAF with QT interval variation. Full Article