19th century

Holiness Movement at a Crossroads - By the late 19th century, the Wesleyan-Holiness Movement floundered at the edge of a sectarian snakepit, divided by race, region, and national boundaries - Yet from this doubtful setting, the Church of the Nazarene aros

Early in the 19th century, Sarah Lankford combined the women's prayer groups of two Methodist in New York City to create the Tuesday Meeting for the Promotion of Holiness. That action, coupled with the publication of Boston pastor Timothy Merritt's Guide to Christian Perfection, marked the Holiness Movement's advent. ... John Inskip, J.A. Wood, and other Methodist clergy initiated a new phase of the movement after the Civil War. The National Camp Meeting Association for the Promotion of Holiness fostered specialized meetings throughout the United States. But Inskip was dead by 1890, while Wood had retired to California and preached occasionally from Phineas Bresee's pulpit. A democratic spirit pervaded the Holiness Movement. Bishops could control Methodist clergy but not the laity who led many local, county, and state Holiness associations. Some were headed by women excluded from leadership in other areas. Independent-minded evangelicals defied the Methodist Discipline and used a local preacher's license as authority to conduct revivals, even competing with local pastors. By century's end, the Wesleyan-Holiness Movement included sectarian "come-outers," "put-outers" dismissed from their churches, and Methodist loyalists. The fragmenting Holiness revival posed daunting questions: would anyone--could anyone--gather the pieces?



  • Christian Church History Study
  • 4. 1881 A.D. to Present (2012) - Corrupt modern bible translations and compromised Seminaries and Universities

19th century

Condems, Bringing 19th Century Values to 21st Century Britain.

Captioned Photo Kindly provided by Christos Palmer

I was reading "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens yesterday, a book written in 1843, and I'd like to share this excerpt from the first chapter.

Two men enter Scrooges office on Christmas eve asking for charity for the poor.

.... "at this festive season of the year Mr Scrooge," said the gentlemen, taking up a pen "it is more than usually desirable that we should make some light provision for the poor and destitute, who suffer greatly at the present time. Many thousands are in want of common comforts sir."

"Are there no prisons?" asked Scrooge.

"Plenty of prisons" said the gentlemen. Laying down the pen again.

"And the union work houses?" demanded Scrooge. "Are they still in operation?"

"They are still" returned the gentleman "I wish I could say they were not"

"The treadmill and the poor law are in full vigour then?" said Scrooge.

"Both very busy sir"

"Oh! I was  afraid from what you said at first, that something had occurred to stop them in their Useful course", said Scrooge "I'm very glad to hear it".

"Under the impression that they scarcely furnish Christian cheer of mind or body in the multitude" returned the gentlemen "  few of us are endeavouring to raise a fund to buy the poor some meat drink, and means of warmth. We choose this time, because of all others, when want is keenly felt, and abundance rejoices. What shall I put you down for?"

"Nothing!" Scrooge replied

"You wish to be anonymous?"

"I wish to be left alone" said Scrooge "since you ask me what I wish, gentlemen that is my answer. I don't make merry myself and I can't afford to make idle people merry. I help to support the establishments I have mentioned - they cost enough; and those who are badly off must go there."

"Many can't go there; and many would rather die"

"If they would rather die" said Scrooge "they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. Besides - excuse me but I do not know that"

"But you might know it" observed the gentlemen.

"It is not my business" Scrooge returned "it is enough for a man to understand his own business, and not to intrude with other peoples. Mine occupies me constantly. Good afternoon gentlemen."

Seeing Clearly that it would be useless to pursue their point, the gentlemen withdrew. Scrooge resumed his labours with an improved opinion of himself, and an even more facitious temper than was usual with him...


As you can see the attitude towards the poor and destitute in Britain is becoming chillingly close to that of 19th century Britain. The current government is bringing values from that century that even the Victorians were ashamed of  and sought to bring to public attention the hypocrisy and barbarism of as early as 1843 to this century.

So before you harshly judge a benefit claimant as workshy or a scrounger remember, the welfare state was bought in to put a stop to the inhumane methods of dealing with the poor used before it's creation. The benefit claimants of today are no different to the poor and destitute of the Victorian era. Do not let the government drag us back to the 19th century with their propaganda about "benefit dependency" and "tough love".

The only thing that will end benefit dependency and help the long term unemployed and sick and disabled back to work is job creation, and a more sympathetic and helpful attitude towards them, that enables them to get work and remain employed. Labeling, hounding and cutting off benefits will not help anyone except the government in their endeavours to save money, caused by a crisis they created with their relentless pursuit of profit over humanity. 




19th century

Bishops - Part 53: The Impact of the 19th Century on Clergy and Laity

Last time, Fr. Tom talked about the Ottoman Empire and its demise. Today he reflects on the impact of Turkish rule on Orthodox clergy and laity.




19th century

Bishops - Part 54: 19th Century Russia

For the next few podcasts, Fr. Tom will be looking at the important 19th century in Russian Orthodox history. He recommended several books but in particular these three. The Heart of Russia by Scott M. Kenworthy The Making of Holy Russia by Fr. John Strickland Russian Orthodoxy on the Eve of Revolution by Vera Shevzov




19th century

Bishops - Part 55: 19th Century Clergy in Russia

In his continuing series on bishops and Church organization, Fr. Thomas speaks about various clergy figures from that time. He references the book My Life's Journey: The Memories of Metropolitan Evlogy.





19th century

Case Study: High-Performance Roofing Product Benefits Restoration of 19th Century Structure

When cedar shingles proved to be unfeasible for a historic structure in New York, roofing contractors turned to a CertainTeed shingle to match the site's harmony with nature.




19th century

Siapa nama kamu? : art in Singapore since the 19th century.

Library - Art Library, Location - OSIZ, Call number - FOLIO N7330.S5 S53 2015




19th century

Rental options in mid-19th century St. Louis for family of 11?

A father, mother, and nine kids arrive in St. Louis circa 1840, knowing no one. What options would they have had? Would tenements have been their only choice?




19th century

How One Photographer Recreated 19th Century Portraits With the Descendants of Civil War Heroes

Smithsonian magazine commissioned Drew Gardner for a project that connects Black Americans today to their lost ancestry. Read about Gardner’s project and process, as well as more details about the subjects of this incredible series here: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/descendants-black-civil-war-heroes-wear-heritage-pride-180983397/ Video produced by Sierra Theobald. Special thanks to Drew Gardner Additional credits: Emma MacBeath, WikiTree US Black Heritage project; Ottawa Goodman, research and coordinator; Sam Dole, Penumbra Foundation; Elizabeth Zuck, set design; Calvin Osbourne, props and costume; Angela Huff, hair and make up; Diego Huerta, Lexia Krebs, behind-the-scenes filming; background prints by Fujifilm USA




19th century

Back in the 19th Century, Your Election Ballot Could Double as a Work of Art

During and after the Civil War, inventive illustrations allowed Democrats and Republicans to turn American ballots into powerful propaganda




19th century

The Winds of History : Life in a Corner of Rural Africa since the 19th Century [Electronic book] / Andreas Zeman.

München ; Wien : De Gruyter Oldenbourg, [2023]




19th century

Threat of Taxation, Stagnation and Social Unrest: Evidence from 19th Century Sicily [electronic journal].




19th century

Female autonomy generates superstars in long-term development: Evidence from 15th to 19th century Europe [electronic journal].




19th century

At Your Service! Liquidity Provision and Risk Management in 19th Century France [electronic journal].




19th century

The development of electrical technology in the 19th century / by W. James King

Archives, Room Use Only - TK17.K56 1962




19th century

Underpaid women “computers” mapped the universe in the 19th century

Every day, astronomers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics depend on computers to help them solve the mysteries of the universe, just as they did […]

The post Underpaid women “computers” mapped the universe in the 19th century appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.



  • Science & Nature
  • Space
  • astrophysics
  • Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian

19th century

England's 19th century sea forts are being converted into offshore party hubs

Let your hair down and party like it's 1899 in a converted Victorian sea fort off of the Isle of Wight.



  • Arts & Culture

19th century

These biological illustrations are as profound today as they were in the 19th century

'The Art and Science of Ernst Haeckel' is a collection of beautifully illustrated flora and fauna by a German biologist and artist.



  • Arts & Culture

19th century

Lyndhurst & Ashurst CC reinstate 19th century fixture

Lyndhurst & Ashurst Cricket Club has reinstated an annual fixture – more than 100 years after it was last played.




19th century

19th Century UK Periodicals Series 2: Empire

An online collection of British magazines, journals and specialty newspapers, 19th Century UK Periodicals provides an in-depth view of British life in the Victorian age. Series 2: Empire addresses the economic as well as the non-mercantile aspects of British expansionism. Wellcome Library also subscribes to Series 1: new readerships.




19th century

19th century British Library newspapers (1800-1900) Part 2

British newspapers from the 19th century selected by the British Library's editorial board. Includes both national and regional newspapers. All newspapers are full text and fully searchable. Full runs are available where possible.




19th century

Scottish Philosophy in the 19th Century

[Revised entry by Gordon Graham on April 24, 2020. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] Philosophical debate in 19th century Scotland was very vigorous, its agenda being set in large part by the impact of Kant and German Idealism on the philosophical tradition of the Scottish Enlightenment. The principal figures are Thomas Brown, Sir William Hamilton, James Frederick Ferrier and Alexander Bain, and later in the century, the so-called "Scottish Idealists" notably James Hutchison Stirling, Edward Caird, and D.G. Ritchie. The self-conscious identity of the Scottish philosophical tradition owes...




19th century

19th century Vatican palace is turned into a homeless shelter on the orders of the Pope 

The Palazzo Migliori was set to be turned into a luxury hotel after it became vacant last year and could have charged top rates with its prime location just off St Peter's Square.




19th century

ISIS copying 19th century German tactics to wage war on the West

Invoking the Germany Army's historical strategy of 'Auftragstaktik', the policy helps ISIS carry out attacks abroad when its chain of command is restricted by Western intelligence agencies.




19th century

Rare 19th Century colour photos show a unified Korea

In one shot,  locals enjoy a feast of wine and biscuits, in another a local dignitary is carried through a provincial village.




19th century

Cambridge University agrees to return bronze cockerel looted from Nigeria in 19th century

Known as a Benin Bronze, it was snatched by British colonial forces and donated to Jesus College in 1905 by the father of a student. The piece was removed from public view in March 2016.




19th century

Incredible 19th Century maps reveal startling transformation of America's biggest cities

These incredible late 19th century maps offer a glimpse into the urban landscape of America after 1865, post-Civil War, when New York was home to two million and was yet to see widespread electricity.




19th century

The Edmonson Sisters: Teaching Black Women’s Activism in the 19th Century

Americans have a long history of advocating for their rights and principles. With our Women and the American Story (WAMS) curriculum, teachers can trace this narrative of activism through the women reformers of the 1800s who worked for social change alongside and apart from men—inspiring their students, both boys and girls, to be engaged citizens...

The post The Edmonson Sisters: Teaching Black Women’s Activism in the 19th Century appeared first on Behind The Scenes.




19th century

Indian life and people in the 19th century: company paintings in the TAPI Collection / J.P. Losty ; with an introduction by John Keay

Rotch Library - ND2048.L67 I53 2019




19th century

“In his native tongue”: A Fleeting Glimpse of the Irish Language in 19th Century America

With St. Patrick’s Day right around the corner it’s perfect timing for an addendum to this post from a few years ago. It discussed the largely overlooked reality that many nineteenth century Irish immigrants spoke Irish, some exclusively. As it turns out, a curious exchange has turned up in a journal kept by the Irish Quaker merchant, Jacob Harvey,...

The post “In his native tongue”: A Fleeting Glimpse of the Irish Language in 19th Century America appeared first on New-York Historical Society.




19th century

Forget Filters - 19th Century Tintype Photography Still Rules

Filters are fun and yes, quick. But as an Oakland tintype portrait photographer proves filters can't come close to the original craft developed in the mid 1800's. It'll cost you around $60 to get your portrait done, that's a bit more than a filter pack, but so worth it.




19th century

Business ethics from antiquity to the 19th century: an economist's view / David George Surdam

Online Resource




19th century

Business ethics from the 19th century to today: an economist's view / David George Surdam

Online Resource




19th century

Der Orient - Fiktion oder Realität: The Orient - fiction or reality?: a critical analysis of 19th century German travel reports / Mohammed Khalifa

Rotch Library - PT735.K45 2015




19th century

A greater prize than gold : Augustus Oldfield, 19th century botanical collector and ethnographer in Australia / M. Helen and William G. (Bill) Henderson

Henderson, M. H. (Margaret Helen), author




19th century

Cambodia's Muslims and the Malay world: Malay language, Jawi script, and Islamic factionalism from the 19th century to the present / by Philipp Bruckmayr

Rotch Library - BP63.A38 B78 2019




19th century

Indian life and people in the 19th century: company paintings in the TAPI Collection / J.P. Losty ; with an introduction by John Keay

Rotch Library - ND2048.L67 I53 2019




19th century

'Asuperb survival' of mid-19th century




19th century

19th Century American Literature (J.B. Dobkin Collection)