Guo-qiang Bi
Dec 15, 1998; 18:10464-10472
Articles

Italian translation of Annual Economic Report 2018 of the BIS, June 2018 - Le autorità possono fare in modo che l'attuale ripresa economica si mantenga oltre il breve termine avviando riforme strutturali, ridando margine di manovra alle politiche monetarie e di bilancio per affrontare eventuali future minacce, e incoraggiando la pronta attuazione delle riforme regolamentari, scrive la Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali (BRI) nella sua Relazione economica annuale.

Italian translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, December 2018

Italian translation of the BIS press release on the presentation of the Annual Economic Report 2019, 30 June 2019.

French translation of the press release about the Basel Committee publishing a discussion paper on "The regulatory treatment of sovereign exposures" (7 December 2017)

French translation of the Annual Economic Report 2018 of the BIS, June 2018 - Les responsables des politiques publiques peuvent prolonger la phase de croissance actuelle en engageant des réformes structurelles, en restaurant les marges de manœuvre monétaires et budgétaires pour faire face aux menaces futures et en encourageant une mise en œuvre rapide des réformes réglementaires, indique la Banque des Règlements Internationaux (BRI) dans son Rapport économique annuel.

French translation of speech delivered by Mr Agustín Carstens, General Manager of the BIS, on the occasion of the Bank's Annual General Meeting, Basel, 24 June 2018. Mesdames et Messieurs, j'ai le plaisir de vous présenter aujourd'hui la première édition du Rapport économique annuel de la BRI. Les trois premiers chapitres analysent les évolutions, perspectives et risques de l'économie mondiale, en s'attachant plus particulièrement à la politique monétaire et aux réformes de la réglementation financière, aux marchés et aux acteurs de l'intermédiation. Nous consacrons deux chapitres spéciaux à des enjeux actuels : une analyse des dispositifs macroprudentiels d'une part, une étude relative aux cryptomonnaies d'autre part....

French translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, December 2018

French version of Press release about Pablo Hernández de Cos appointed as Chairman of Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

French translation of the BIS press release on the presentation of the Annual Economic Report 2019, 30 June 2019. La politique monétaire ne peut plus être le principal moteur de la croissance économique, et d'autres leviers de politique publique doivent être actionnés pour faire en sorte que l'économie mondiale connaisse une dynamique durable ...

Spanish version of executive summary of report on Central bank digital currencies published by the Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI) and the Markets Committee, March 2018.

Spanish version of Press release about new members joining the Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (19 March 2018)

Spanish translation of "Frequently asked questions on market risk capital requirements" by the Basel Committee, March 2018.

Spanish translation of the Annual Economic Report 2018 of the BIS, June 2018 - Las autoridades pueden prolongar el actual repunte económico más allá del corto plazo aplicando reformas estructurales, reconstruyendo el espacio de las políticas monetaria y fiscal para afrontar futuras amenazas y fomentando una pronta implementación de las reformas reguladoras, sostiene el Banco de Pagos Internacionales (BPI) en su Informe Económico Anual.

Spanish translation of the BIS press release on the presentation of the Annual Economic Report 2018, 24 June 2018. Las autoridades pueden prolongar el actual repunte económico más allá del corto plazo aplicando reformas estructurales, reconstruyendo el espacio de las políticas monetaria y fiscal para afrontar futuras amenazas y fomentando una pronta implementación de las reformas reguladoras, sostiene el Banco de Pagos Internacionales (BPI) en su Informe Económico Anual. ...

Spanish translation of press release - the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is finalising stress-testing principles, reviews ways to stop regulatory arbitrage behaviour, agrees on annual G-SIB list, discusses leverage ratio, crypto-assets, market risk framework and implementation, 20 September 2018.

Spanish version of Press release about Pablo Hernández de Cos appointed as Chairman of Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 7 March 2019. Pablo Hernández de Cos, nombrado Presidente del Comité de Supervisión Bancaria de Basilea.

Spanish translation of the BIS press release on the presentation of the Annual Economic Report 2019, 30 June 2019.

To view more press releases, please visit http://www.snl.com/irweblinkx/news.aspx?iid=1024452.

To view more press releases, please visit http://www.snl.com/irweblinkx/news.aspx?iid=1024452.

To view more press releases, please visit http://www.snl.com/irweblinkx/news.aspx?iid=1024452.

More than any other factor, it is our asset that determines our adversary. For most of us, our asset is the corpus of sensitive personal details used for online transactions. This all comes down to how much data an adversary can glean from you, and how thoroughly it can analyze it. If your data passes through some software or hardware, its developer or maintainer enjoys some measure of control.

The pandemic may force certain improvements but I'm not sure that it will, because political distractions are doing a rather good job of drawing our focus away from fixing things now. For instance, we should be ramping domestic manufacturing of PPEs and ventilators permanently to prepare for a likely huge fall spike in COVID-19 infections. Still, we aren't.

Far-right groups and individuals in the United States are exploiting the COVID-19 pandemic to promote disinformation, hate, extremism and authoritarianism. "COVID-19 has been seized by far-right groups as an opportunity to call for extreme violence," states a report from ISD, based on a combination of natural language processing, network analysis and ethnographic online research.

The next generation of Oculus Quest virtual reality headsets is in the works, but pandemic-related product development and supply chain problems may delay market arrival. Oculus reportedly has multiple potential Quest successors on the drawing board. Smaller, lighter versions with a faster image refresh rate for more realistic rendering are in the advanced testing stage.

In what could be a trial run for more of the same, Red Hat last week held a first-ever virtual technical summit to spread the word about its latest cloud tech offerings. CEO Paul Cormier welcomed online viewers to the conference, which attracted more than 80,000 virtual attendees. The company made several key announcements during the online gathering and highlighted customer innovations.

Microsoft has introduced a slew of new products, including the Surface Go 2, the Surface Book 3, Surface Headphones 2 and Surface Earbuds. Both the Surface Go 2 and the Surface Book 3 come in consumer and corporate versions. "The two products are very different," noted Rob Enderle, principal analyst at the Enderle Group. "The Go 2 is a high-value product -- the Surface Book 3 high innovation."

Does your customer relationship management strategy have what it takes to reach Generation Y? It's estimated that by 2021, an additional $394 billion in revenue could be gained from artificial intelligence adoption in CRM activities in the U.S. As companies grow and technology evolves at a faster-than-ever pace, collecting, storing and providing data is becoming a bigger and bigger task.

02020-02-06: Flooding in Louisiana and Mississippi

02020-02-08: Tropical Cyclone Damien

Paper by Mr Luiz Awazu Pereira da Silva, Deputy General Manager of the BIS, Enisse Kharroubi, Emanuel Kohlscheen and Benoît Mojon based on remarks at the University of Basel, 5 May 2019.

Exiting low inflation traps by "consensus": nominal wages and price stability - Speech by Luiz A Pereira da Silva and Benoît Mojon, based on the keynote speech at the Eighth High-level Policy Dialogue between the Eurosystem and Latin American Central Banks, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 28-29 November 2019.

Op-ed by Agustín Carstens published in the Financial Times on 29 March 2020.

Mitochondrial fission catalyzed by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis and maintenance of healthy mitochondria. However, excessive fission has been associated with multiple neurodegenerative disorders, and we recently reported that mice with smaller mitochondria are sensitized to ischemic stroke injury. Although pharmacological Drp1 inhibition has been put forward as neuroprotective, the specificity and mechanism of the inhibitor used is controversial. Here, we provide genetic evidence that Drp1 inhibition is neuroprotective. Drp1 is activated by dephosphorylation of an inhibitory phosphorylation site, Ser637. We identify Bβ2, a mitochondria-localized protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, as a neuron-specific Drp1 activator in vivo. Bβ2 KO mice of both sexes display elongated mitochondria in neurons and are protected from cerebral ischemic injury. Functionally, deletion of Bβ2 and maintained Drp1 Ser637 phosphorylation improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity, Ca²⁺ homeostasis, and attenuated superoxide production in response to ischemia and excitotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo. Last, deletion of Bβ2 rescued excessive stroke damage associated with dephosphorylation of Drp1 S637 and mitochondrial fission. These results indicate that the state of mitochondrial connectivity and PP2A/Bβ2-mediated dephosphorylation of Drp1 play a critical role in determining the severity of cerebral ischemic injury. Therefore, Bβ2 may represent a target for prophylactic neuroprotective therapy in populations at high risk of stroke.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT With recent advances in clinical practice including mechanical thrombectomy up to 24 h after the ischemic event, there is resurgent interest in neuroprotective stroke therapies. In this study, we demonstrate reduced stroke damage in the brain of mice lacking the Bβ2 regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, which we have shown previously acts as a positive regulator of the mitochondrial fission enzyme dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Importantly, we provide evidence that deletion of Bβ2 can rescue excessive ischemic damage in mice lacking the mitochondrial PKA scaffold AKAP1, apparently via opposing effects on Drp1 S637 phosphorylation. These results highlight reversible phosphorylation in bidirectional regulation of Drp1 activity and identify Bβ2 as a potential pharmacological target to protect the brain from stroke injury.

The cerebellum influences motor control through Purkinje target neurons, which transmit cerebellar output. Such output is required, for instance, for larval zebrafish to learn conditioned fictive swimming. The output cells, called eurydendroid neurons (ENs) in teleost fish, are inhibited by Purkinje cells and excited by parallel fibers. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of glutamatergic ENs labeled by the transcription factor olig2. Action potential firing and synaptic responses were recorded in current clamp and voltage clamp from olig2⁺ neurons in immobilized larval zebrafish (before sexual differentiation) and were correlated with motor behavior by simultaneous recording of fictive swimming. In the absence of swimming, olig2⁺ ENs had basal firing rates near 8 spikes/s, and EPSCs and IPSCs were evident. Comparing Purkinje firing rates and eurydendroid IPSC rates indicated that 1-3 Purkinje cells converge onto each EN. Optogenetically suppressing Purkinje simple spikes, while preserving complex spikes, suggested that eurydendroid IPSC size depended on presynaptic spike duration rather than amplitude. During swimming, EPSC and IPSC rates increased. Total excitatory and inhibitory currents during sensory-evoked swimming were both more than double those during spontaneous swimming. During both spontaneous and sensory-evoked swimming, the total inhibitory current was more than threefold larger than the excitatory current. Firing rates of ENs nevertheless increased, suggesting that the relative timing of IPSCs and EPSCs may permit excitation to drive additional eurydendroid spikes. The data indicate that olig2⁺ cells are ENs whose activity is modulated with locomotion, suiting them to participate in sensorimotor integration associated with cerebellum-dependent learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cerebellum contributes to movements through signals generated by cerebellar output neurons, called eurydendroid neurons (ENs) in fish (cerebellar nuclei in mammals). ENs receive sensory and motor signals from excitatory parallel fibers and inhibitory Purkinje cells. Here, we report electrophysiological recordings from ENs of larval zebrafish that directly illustrate how synaptic inhibition and excitation are integrated by cerebellar output neurons in association with motor behavior. The results demonstrate that inhibitory and excitatory drive both increase during fictive swimming, but inhibition greatly exceeds excitation. Firing rates nevertheless increase, providing evidence that synaptic integration promotes cerebellar output during locomotion. The data offer a basis for comparing aspects of cerebellar coding that are conserved and that diverge across vertebrates.