Physicists are finally getting their heads round what information truly is – and using it to gain new insights into life, the universe and, well… everything

Physicists are finally getting their heads round what information truly is – and using it to gain new insights into life, the universe and, well… everything

ABSTRACT

Ever since the discovery of the first rare earth element (REE)-dependent enzyme, the physiological role of lanthanides has become an emerging field of research due to the environmental implications and biotechnological opportunities. In Pseudomonas putida KT2440, the two pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (PQQ-ADHs) PedE and PedH are inversely regulated in response to REE availability. This transcriptional switch is orchestrated by a complex regulatory network that includes the PedR2/PedS2 two-component system and is important for efficient growth on several alcoholic volatiles. To study whether cellular responses beyond the REE switch exist, the differential proteomic responses that occur during growth on various model carbon sources were analyzed. Apart from the Ca²⁺-dependent enzyme PedE, the differential abundances of most identified proteins were conditional. During growth on glycerol—and concomitant with the proteomic changes—lanthanum (La³⁺) availability affected different growth parameters, including the onset of logarithmic growth and final optical densities. Studies with mutant strains revealed a novel metabolic route for glycerol utilization, initiated by PedE and/or PedH activity. Upon oxidation to glycerate via glyceraldehyde, phosphorylation by the glycerate kinase GarK most likely yields glycerate-2-phosphate, which is eventually channeled into the central metabolism of the cell. This new route functions in parallel with the main degradation pathway encoded by the glpFKRD operon and provides a growth advantage to the cells by allowing an earlier onset of growth with glycerol as the sole source of carbon and energy.

IMPORTANCE The biological role of REEs has long been underestimated, and research has mainly focused on methanotrophic and methylotrophic bacteria. We have recently demonstrated that P. putida, a plant growth-promoting bacterium that thrives in the rhizosphere of various food crops, possesses a REE-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (PedH), but knowledge about REE-specific effects on physiological traits in nonmethylotrophic bacteria is still scarce. This study demonstrates that the cellular response of P. putida to lanthanum (La³⁺) is mostly substrate specific and that La³⁺ availability highly affects the growth of cells on glycerol. Further, a novel route for glycerol metabolism is identified, which is initiated by PedE and/or PedH activity and provides a growth advantage to this biotechnologically relevant organism by allowing a faster onset of growth. Overall, these findings demonstrate that lanthanides can affect physiological traits in nonmethylotrophic bacteria and might influence their competitiveness in various environmental niches.

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Conservation groups are fighting the creation of 3,500 gas wells in Wyoming that threaten a 170-mile path

The Path of the Pronghorn is a 170-mile migration route that the antelope-like creatures have traveled annually for 6,000 years. It is one of North America’s last remaining long-distance terrestrial migration corridors.

And it is at risk. This week conservation groups filed a legal petition challenging the Trump administration’s plan to allow 3,500 new gas wells in south-western Wyoming that would block the route.

From Norwegian fjords to the sweeping coastal views of Montenegro, it's time to daydream about these lush European journeys

From the best of the Welsh coast to the perennial beauty of the Scottish Highlands

MORNING BRIEFING: Plans to sell off the remaining bus routes have been slammed by the unions, and the annual Sculpture by the Sea exhibition adds colour to the eastern coastline.

Greyhound Canada will halt all of its bus routes in Canada starting May 13 because of the coronavirus.

Federal officials announced a civil settlement with the state of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) resolving claims brought by the Presidio Trust and the U.S. Army resulting from Caltrans’ construction and operation of Highway 1 (also known as Park Presidio Boulevard) through the Presidio of San Francisco.

Sanborn Map Company Inc. has agreed to pay $2.1 million to the U.S. government to resolve allegations that it submitted false claims in connection with U. S. Army Corps of Engineers contracts.

In a new Brookings Doha Center Analysis Paper, Robin Mills identifies the key points of vulnerability in MENA energy supply and transit, including the pivotal Strait of Hormuz and a number of important pipelines. Mills also assesses the impact of possible disruptions on both the global economy and MENA states themselves.

Seventy-two days after setting out from Istanbul, champion distance runner Kevin Lin Yi Jie and a small team of other athletes have covered 4,434 kilometers of their 10,00-kilometer goal: Running the

This week, Anishinaabe tribal members began riding horseback along the proposed route of a what could possibly become the largest tar sands pipeline in the United States.

Microsoft decided that a good way to advertise its cloud-based Office 365 software would be to actually put a T-Mobile wifi router with 15 days of free wifi inside a magazine advert.

It's up to you to decide if you want to take the shortest route, the cleanest one, or the quietest one.

Once one of the great mysteries of the natural world, the bluefin tuna's migration pattern has finally been elucidated by the workings of an international team of scientists as part of the global 10-year Census of Marine Life. To reach their

Todmorden is a town that embraced the local food movement by growing their own fruit and veg anywhere in public spaces. They also have an Egg Map and a Green Route for the Vegetable Tourists!

I’ve been working on a pretty large react-router codebase at work. Currently it has around 50~ code splits, which as you can imagine, is a lot of routes. This is going to be a post on the things I’ve learned throughout building out my development / production config and how we are using webpack in production.

###Initial Setup

Before I really dive into how my webpack config is setup and the problems I’ve found, I’ll quickly go over how this app is setup. Currently, there’s one entry point and it looks like this:

import React from 'react'
import { render } from 'react-dom'
import { match, Router, browserHistory } from 'react-router'
import AsyncProps from 'async-props'
import routes from '../routes/index'
/* globals document, window */

const { pathname, search, hash } = window.location
const location = `${pathname}${search}${hash}`

match({ routes, location }, () => {
  render(
    <Router
      render={props => <AsyncProps {...props}/>}
      routes={routes}
      history={browserHistory}
    />,
    document.getElementById('app')
  )
})

It looks like a standard react-router setup, except a couple things are different. For one, there’s way too many routes to have them all in this file, so we are importing the main route object into this file. Second, we are using match on the client side. Without matching first, the client side would try to render before the splits were downloaded causing an error. You can read a little more about match on the client here.

Next, we are using Ryan Florence’s awesome async-props library for loading data into components. It allows me to load data from an api before the server renders components. It will pass the data down to the client for the client-side render, and then data will load as you navigate to new pages automatically.

###Routes

Our main routes file looks like this:

export default {
  component: 'div',
  path: '/',
  indexRoute: require('./index'),
  childRoutes: [
    require('./login'),
    require('./account'),
    ...
  ]
}

There’s a lot more require’s in our app of course. And these are nested pretty deep. The files referenced in the root file have more child routes, and those use require.ensure which you can read about in the webpack docs on code splitting. It tells webpack to make a new bundle, and then load that bundle when require.ensure is called on the client. Here’s an example:

if(typeof require.ensure !== "function") require.ensure = function(d, c) { c(require) }

module.exports = {
  path: 'account',
  getComponent(location, cb) {
    require.ensure([], (require) => {
      cb(null, require('../../views/master/index.jsx'))
    })
  },
  childRoutes: [
    require('./settings'),
  ]
}

There’s a few things going on here. First, we have a function at the top that will polyfill require.ensure. Why? Well, on this project we are server rendering our whole site as well, which I would rather not do, but due to the type of site we are building: we have to. The next thing is the relative require path. I’m using this awesome babel resolver plugin along with webpack’s resolve paths so that I can import files like this:

import Header from '../../master/header'
//becomes
import Header from 'master/header'

Why do I have to use a babel plugin AND webpack’s resolve feature? Once again, doing a server rendered app, the code is ran on the server and also through webpack. In this particular app, I haven’t had time to experiment with webpacking the server. Anyways, if I didn’t use the babel plugin, errors would be thrown on the server, but webpack would work fine. This is one of the common things I have ran into while building this app.

Realizing some things need to be done slightly different on the server or client. You may still be wondering why I am referencing the component as a relative path in the above route example, and that’s because the babel plugin I’m using only works with import and not require. My route objects are the one place that I have these “nasty” looking paths.

##Webpack

I was prompted to make this article after tweeting this out:

webpack splits vs AggressiveMergingPlugin({minSizeReduce: 1.0}) pic.twitter.com/b6kxHEqNcO

— ReactJS News (@ReactJSNews) March 10, 2016

A couple people wanted a better explanation as to what’s happening here. When I was first building my production webpack config, even after using all of these plugins:

new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin('vendor', 'vendor.js'),
new webpack.optimize.OccurenceOrderPlugin(),
new webpack.optimize.DedupePlugin(),
new webpack.optimize.UglifyJsPlugin({
  compress: { warnings: false },
  comments: false,
  sourceMap: false,
  mangle: true,
  minimize: true
}),

My bundle looked like this:

That’s pretty huge if you think about it. And I’m not talking about the amount of bundles. I’m talking about the file size. After searching everywhere for a solution to get the bundle size down further, I found webpack’s AggressiveMergingPlugin. This thing is a life saver. As you may have seen from the tweet, the output turns into this:

Just having the main, vendor, and one other bundle brings the whole site under 1MB. I’m using the plugin to only merge files if the size reduction is more than 50%, which is the default.

People talk about code splitting in webpack and think it’s really amazing to load the JS for the page you’re on and nothing more. It sounds great. The problem is that the file size is immensely bigger. If someone more familiar with webpack has a better idea as to why this is, I’d like a better explanation. It isn’t feasable to keep the splits instead of merging them. This site is pretty large, with a lot of routes as you can tell from the screenshots. Codesplitting without merging would cause way more waiting on the client side every time you navigate to a new page. Even if the JS was heavily cached, the first time you hit these pages it will have to load a 300kb bundle for some of them.

##Caching

That takes us to caching. We are about a month away from publicly launching this site, so we haven’t setup the workflow for pushing updates through a cdn, but that will be the end result. For now, in my webpack config, my output object looks like this:

output: {
  path: __dirname + '/public/assets/js/[hash]/',
  filename: '[name].js',
  chunkFilename: '[id].js',
  publicPath: '/assets/js/[hash]/'
},

This is in the production config of course. This way I can cache the files and when I update the code, the hash will change and the browser won’t be caching the old code. I pass in the hash as an env variable at runtime to that the server has the correct path to the assets folder.

##Problems

There were a few big problems I came across while building out a server rendered app with dynamic routes. The first was page titles. How am I supposed to have the right title on the client and on the initial server render? Thankfully, Ryan has yet another solution. react-title-component solves this perfectly.

The next was, how do I hit an api, wait for the response on server render, load new data on route changes, and of course, do this at the component level. As I mentioned before, async-props solves this problem too. It will give you route info so that you can make requests based on things in the url.

The next problem is one that I haven’t fully solved. Webpack is getting really slow. It takes around 20 seconds on a maxed out macbook 15” to build code in production. On the server, it takes more like a minute! If I’m in development mode, it takes around 10 seconds to make the initial build, and sometimes it lags on building the splits on code change. If anyone has insight into this I would love to hear it.

This one goes along with the webpack one, and it is reloading the server. I haven’t tried to webpack the server but I hear doing so works great for this. I don’t think it would fix the problem with webpack being slow though, and in fact it would probably make it even slower.

##Folder structure

I almost forgot to throw this one in here! I’m really happy with the structure of this project. I have a views folder that has all of the same folders and file names as the routes folder. It makes it really easy to find things. These also correspond with the URL to the page. /account/settings will be in views/account/settings.jsx and routes/account/settings.js. The same is true for my tests folder.

##Conclusion

I hope this gave you a good glimpse at how webpack and react router work at a larger scale than you see most blog posts cover. If you have any questions or things that you would like me to talk about that I haven’t already, please leave a comment below and I will update this post! I’m sure that I forgot a few problems and tips writing this. I was thinking this would be a short post but it blew up on me!

On Sunday, hundreds of Ghatkopar residents staged a silent protest march against a proposed route of the Metro Line 4. The residents alleged that the route planned by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) would block a narrow stretch in the area, adding to the woes of the residents. They have already written to the authorities concerned in this regard, but if the matter isn’t taken seriously, they plan to move court.

Backed by former corporator, Pravin Chheda, the residents raised slogans and marched along the stretch starting from Amar Mahal Junction and passing through Pant Nagar and Laxmi Nagar areas. The proposed Metro line would also pass through the same route connecting Wadala with Kasarvadavli in Thane. The residents have requested the MMRDA to reroute the line to the Eastern Express Highway, which was the initial plan, as it would not only be convenient but would also help in avoiding traffic congestions.

Jitubhai Mehta, who resides on M G Road, said, "As the route is already congested, the Metro will add to the mess. If the line goes towards the Eastern Express Highway, more people will benefit from it."

"We are not against the project, but all we are asking for is that the line be rerouted. The road is very narrow and it's extremely difficult to find parking space. If the Metro comes up there then problems will increase," said Sunilbhai Joisar, a Goradia Nagar resident.

Speaking to mid-day, Pravin Chheda, former corporator of the area, said, “We have already submitted letters to the authorities concerned. We are also trying to meet the chief minister to take our request forward. If the matter isn’t resolved soon, we’ll move court."

While MMRDA Additional Metropolitan Commissioner Pravin Darade remained unavailable for comment, local BJP corporator Parag Shah also could not be reached.

The proposed Metro line 4
Length of the belt: 32.32 km
Number of stations: 32
Nature: Fully elevated
Depots: Owale and Godrej Land

Catch up on all the latest Crime, National, International and Hatke news here. Also download the new mid-day Android and iOS apps to get latest updates

(Left to right) Vidhi Legal members Namrata Mukherjee, Nitika Khaitan and Nivedita Saksena. Pic/Ajay Gautam

The legal framework in India has often posed many a problem for members of the LGBTQ community. Some regulations are being changed, and certain implementations are underway. But, taking into account the slow pace of change, a new manual helps members of the queer community navigate the lacking legal regime, as it exists currently.

The manual deals with identity documents, violence, education, health and personal finances. It is the brainchild of Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, a Delhi-based think-tank conducting legal research assisting the government to make better laws. Namrata Mukherjee, a core member of the team explains, "Legal change will only come slowly; meanwhile, it is important to spread awareness on how queer community can access its rights, working around the law that's already in place." Pallav Patankar, former director of programmes at Mumbai's The Humsafar Trust, India's oldest LGBTQ organisation, scrutinised the 112-page manual. While he's appreciative of the initiative, he outlined certain critical insights to us which we got Vidhi Legal to respond to.

Pallav Patankar. Pic/Pradeep Dhivar

Trans women having two PAN cards - male and female - which is illegal
"This is because of the (hitherto) missing option of transgender, on the PAN card application," says Nitika Khaitan, another core member. "As of three weeks ago, that option has been introduced. Now you can reapply with the gender of your choice."

The manual seems to be critical about the concept of Aadhaar...
"Aadhaar has been at the centre of controversy mainly due to privacy concerns. Because privacy is intrinsic to this community, it's important to flag this. We are in no way influencing the debate," says Mukherjee. The manual states clearly that Aadhaar does not require people to verify their gender. "You are supposed to be able to put the gender of your choice. The implementation of this, of course, depends on the concerned on-ground officer," she adds.

Discrimination in school addresses the transgender issue and not sexuality
"There's very little by way of government policies that addresses the issue of discrimination at the school level. While UGC guidelines for trans students are there, there is no such thing with regards to sexuality," says Khaitan. The manual is addressed entirely to those above 18 years of age. "Underage boys and girls often face problems related to violence, healthcare, emotional abuse and discrimination in educational institutions. This is one area where we have not been able to find a solution," she adds.

The listed steps while procuring a voter ID are not followed by officials
Mukherjee says, "We have heard several complaints related to this. One tactic could be to take a copy of the NALSA judgment (National Legal Services Authority vs Union of India) that recognises the fundamental and civil rights of transgender persons, and present your case to the officials on ground. Another option is to approach your local MP and get him to write a letter on your behalf which you can take to the electoral photo ID centre and then mark the gender of your choice. You must also carry the gazette notification that says you've changed your name and gender. But, the success of these tactics depends entirely on the attitude of on-ground officials."

The chapter on health is from an academic perspective on health, gender dysphoria and gender affirmative therapy. What is the legal connect with India?
"There isn't a connect. There is nothing in our legal framework that regulates gender dysphoria or gender therapy. Because the queer community always encounters discrimination or harassment when they approach healthcare service providers, we have outlined general remedies that would be available to them under medical negligence laws, HIV Act; specific provisions that address discrimination that not many know of," says Khaitan.

Some suggestions in the manual seem to apply only to the digitally literate
Mukherjee says, "We are cognisant of the fact that access is determined by class. The idea of the manual is to reach grassroot LGBTQ organisations that will be able to disseminate the manual more effectively. This could be a tool that they can hopefully rely on while trying to access justice. We are also getting the manual translated into five regional languages." Add to this, the first chapter on identity documents is being recorded as a Hindi podcast. "We hope to publish it on social media, so that people can easily access it on WhatsApp etc."

Catch up on all the latest Mumbai news, crime news, current affairs, and also a complete guide on Mumbai from food to things to do and events across the city here. Also download the new mid-day Android and iOS apps to get latest updates

UK government support needed to ensure supply of food and medicines

President says restrictions will apply to green card applicants aiming for permanent residency

Lewis Wotherspoon, 41, from Calton, Glasgow, took his passengers on a three-mile drive through the city centre in October last year.

EXCLUSIVE BY WILL KELLEHER: As agreed long before coronavirus shut down the sport, the idea next summer is that England will tour the USA and Canada while the Lions are in South Africa.

More than half of the Tube's 270 stations are above ground, with only the Victoria and Waterloo & City lines wholly underground. This design uses a grey overlay for sections underground.

Nothing takes the shine off a summer holiday like long queues at Heathrow or any of the country's other big airports. Check out these direct routes to the sun from many of our smaller, local airports.

The Britain's Got Talent judges showed off their fun sides as they rode mini-motorbikes to the show's Manchester auditions on Thursday.

Starting in Rotterdam, the two Maybach S600s took a four-month route across five countries before it is thought they were flown to North Korea from Russia, before Kim Jong-un took a ride in one (pictured).

The Qantas passenger claimed he was flying from Townsville to Brisbane on Monday afternoon on a plane crammed with travellers.

Tour de France organisers put a spring in the step of the climbers after unveiling the 2020 route featuring a mountain stage on the second day and one time trial on the eve of the final Champs Elysees parade.

Tour de France organisers put a spring in the step of the climbers after unveiling the 2020 route featuring a mountain stage on the second day and one time trial on the eve of the final Champs Elysees parade.

MAIL ON SUNDAY COMMENT: Leaks from inside Whitehall suggest that senior Ministers, in the absence of Boris Johnson, are reluctant to take any major decisions.

EXCLUSIVE BY WILL KELLEHER: As agreed long before coronavirus shut down the sport, the idea next summer is that England will tour the USA and Canada while the Lions are in South Africa.

A patch has been issued, but researchers, who revealed the flaw for the first time at a security conference, say it exposed data being sent from a device over at-home and enterprise networks.

Summiya Yasmeen reports on the contours, content and debate about environment education in India.

The complex contractor-maistry system, the devastation of agriculture, an ineffective food-for-work programme, debt and debilitating mass migrions - these are an explosive mix. P Sainath continues his journey with the migrant exodus from Mahbubnagar
Part I : The bus to Mumbai

June 2003 - The bus we're on is one of about 34 leaving the Mahbubnagar region direct for Mumbai each week. That's against just about one a week, a decade ago. People are leaving in droves.

Drought? Mahbubnagar does have a problem. Quite a bit of that, though, is about the control, distribution and use of water. At 634 mm, the average rainfall of the last 14 years here is close to 30 mm above normal. Those, at least, are the official numbers. There have been deficit years. And a couple of truly awful ones -- as in a lot of other districts. This year, District Collector Madhusudhan Rao says, "the deficit is eight per cent so far". Unpleasant, but not crushing.

A delegation of entrepreneurs from Pakistan decided to spend Id in India, exploring opportunities for their businesses and forging friendly ties at the same time. Surekha Sule reports that there are many areas where the strengths of the two nations in global trade can be mutually beneficial.

A financially sick state corporation in Maharashtra gets an infusion of life from the generosity of MTNL, the Centre-owned phone company. Himanshu Upadhyaya reports.

Nitin Gadkari congratulates BRO for successfully connecting Kailash Mansarovar route to Lipulekh Pass in Uttarakhand

Millions more Americans filed claims for unemployment benefits last week, lifting the number of applications to 30.3 million since March 21, data showed.

The police said that the duo is suspected to have smuggled heroin in and other drugs from Pakistan by camouflaging as many as six rock salt consignments through the Indo-Pak border at Attari in Amritsar between 2018 and 2019.

His remarks came after Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said that wilful defaulters were beneficiaries of 'phone banking' under the UPA regime and the Modi government is chasing them to recover the dues.

Tenda launches its latest F6 V4.0 Wi-Fi router today in the Indian market. The newly launched router is a successor to the existing series and the company claims it comes with better performance strengthening the existing portfolio of the brand. F6