Watch Apple TV's See where vision becomes a heresy, discover non-human animals that also rely on culture and enjoy the International Space Station from your own home

Finland’s two-year test of universal basic income has concluded that it doesn't seem to disincentivise working, and improves recipients’ mental and financial well-being

When a bizarre fossil appeared for sale in Europe, it looked so odd it had to be fake. But a high-tech investigation introduced us to Halzkaraptor escullei – part velociraptor, part penguin

The question of how the brain gives rise to subjective experience is the hardest of all. Mathematicians think they can help, but their first attempts have thrown up some eye-popping conclusions

New images reveal threads of ultra-hot gas woven throughout the sun's corona, in the most detailed look at previously unseen parts of the atmosphere of our closest star

The question of how the brain gives rise to subjective experience is the hardest of all. Mathematicians think they can help, but their first attempts have thrown up some eye-popping conclusions

Australia recorded just 229 flu cases this April, compared with 18,705 last April, probably due to lockdown measures to stop the spread of the coronavirus

Astronomers found a star that appeared to be orbiting nothing at all – but it’s actually the closest black hole ever at just 1000 light years away

Finland’s two-year test of universal basic income has concluded that it doesn't seem to disincentivise working, and improves recipients’ mental and financial well-being

Millions more Americans sought unemployment benefits last week, suggesting layoffs broadened from consumer-facing industries to other segments of the economy and could remain elevated even as many parts of the country start to reopen. This report produced by Yahaira Jacquez.

The world's biggest brewer, AB InBev, says it sees signs of a rebound in China, but warns the next quarter will still be worse overall. Julian Satterthwaite reports.

Millions more Americans sought unemployment benefits last week, suggesting layoffs broadened from consumer-facing industries to other segments of the economy and could remain elevated even as many parts of the country start to reopen. This report produced by Yahaira Jacquez.

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At some point, medical practices will reopen, but it will be anything but business as usual. Here are eight considerations for when it's time to unlock the doors and welcome patients back.

For decades, government, health systems, universities, foundations, exceptional individuals, and thought leaders across North Carolina have been testing, implementing, modifying, and just plain trying new ways of improving the way we seek, receive, and experience health care.

More recently, North Carolina has been striving to not simply address the cost, efficiency, and value that are so frustratingly elusive in health care, but also recognizing that we simply need to improve the health of our residents. We have looked to interventions both compatible with and beyond health care to do this.

The National Academy of Medicine, formerly the National Institute of Medicine, since 2016 has boldly laid out Vital Directions in Health Care, focusing on 19 priority issues and recommendations for health policy to better achieve health and well-being for all Americans. They have taken their show on the road, beyond the halls of Congress and think tanks and universities to the people on the ground in states across the country to present, discuss, listen, and learn how policy recommendations come to life.

This issue of the journal highlights the National Academy of Medicine bringing its spotlight to North Carolina last November, an acknowledgment that states are often where policy is put into action, and that North Carolina has been a leader in innovating, planning, implementing, and evaluating again and again to get better and better results for our residents. Pull your chair up to the edge of the stage for a good read in the glow of the spotlight.

The polysaccharide pectin is a major component of the plant cell wall. The pectic glycan homogalacturonan (HG) is a proportionally small but important component of a specialized seed cell wall called mucilage. HG is synthesized in a highly methylesterified form, and, following secretion, is de-methylesterified by pectin methylesterases (PMEs). The degree of methylesterification of HG determines the structural and functional properties of pectin, but how methylesterification is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we identified two BEL1-Like homeodomain (BLH) transcription factors, BLH2 and BLH4, as positive regulators of HG de-methylesterification in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed coat mucilage. BLH2 and BLH4 were significantly expressed in mucilage secretory cells during seed mucilage production. BLH2 and BLH4 single mutants exhibited no obvious mucilage phenotype, but the blh2 blh4 double mutant displayed significantly reduced mucilage adherence to the seed. Reduced mucilage adherence in blh2 blh4 was caused by decreased PME activity in the seed coat, which increased the degree of methylesterification of HG in mucilage. The expression of several PME metabolism-related genes, including PME58, PECTIN METHYLESTERASE INHIBITOR6, SEEDSTICK, and MYB52 was significantly altered in blh2 blh4 seeds. BLH2 and BLH4 directly activated PME58 expression by binding to its TGACAGGT cis-element. Moreover, pme58 mutants exhibited reduced mucilage adherence similar to that of blh2 blh4, and the blh2 blh4 pme58 triple mutant exhibited no additional mucilage adherence defects. Furthermore, overexpression of PME58 in blh2 blh4 rescued the mucilage adherence defect. Together, these results demonstrate that BLH2 and BLH4 redundantly regulate de-methylesterification of HG in seed mucilage by directly activating PME58.

Karen L. Carleton, Daniel Escobar-Camacho, Sara M. Stieb, Fabio Cortesi, and N. Justin Marshall

Among vertebrates, teleost eye diversity exceeds that found in all other groups. Their spectral sensitivities range from ultraviolet to red, and the number of visual pigments varies from 1 to over 40. This variation is correlated with the different ecologies and life histories of fish species, including their variable aquatic habitats: murky lakes, clear oceans, deep seas and turbulent rivers. These ecotopes often change with the season, but fish may also migrate between ecotopes diurnally, seasonally or ontogenetically. To survive in these variable light habitats, fish visual systems have evolved a suite of mechanisms that modulate spectral sensitivities on a range of timescales. These mechanisms include: (1) optical media that filter light, (2) variations in photoreceptor type and size to vary absorbance and sensitivity, and (3) changes in photoreceptor visual pigments to optimize peak sensitivity. The visual pigment changes can result from changes in chromophore or changes to the opsin. Opsin variation results from changes in opsin sequence, opsin expression or co-expression, and opsin gene duplications and losses. Here, we review visual diversity in a number of teleost groups where the structural and molecular mechanisms underlying their spectral sensitivities have been relatively well determined. Although we document considerable variability, this alone does not imply functional difference per se. We therefore highlight the need for more studies that examine species with known sensitivity differences, emphasizing behavioral experiments to test whether such differences actually matter in the execution of visual tasks that are relevant to the fish.

Assembled α-synuclein in nerve cells and glial cells is the defining pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases called synucleinopathies. Seeds of α-synuclein can induce the assembly of monomeric protein. Here, we used sucrose gradient centrifugation and transiently transfected HEK 293T cells to identify the species of α-synuclein from the brains of homozygous, symptomatic mice transgenic for human mutant A53T α-synuclein (line M83) that seed aggregation. The most potent fractions contained Sarkosyl-insoluble assemblies enriched in filaments. We also analyzed six cases of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), one case of familial PD, and six cases of multiple system atrophy (MSA) for their ability to induce α-synuclein aggregation. The MSA samples were more potent than those of idiopathic PD in seeding aggregation. We found that following sucrose gradient centrifugation, the most seed-competent fractions from PD and MSA brains are those that contain Sarkosyl-insoluble α-synuclein. The fractions differed between PD and MSA, consistent with the presence of distinct conformers of assembled α-synuclein in these different samples. We conclude that α-synuclein filaments are the main driving force for amplification and propagation of pathology in synucleinopathies.

Background and objectives

The effects of active case finding (ACF) models that mobilise community networks for early identification and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) remain unknown. We investigated and compared the effect of community-based ACF using a seed-and-recruit model with one-off roving ACF and passive case finding (PCF) on the time to treatment initiation and identification of bacteriologically confirmed TB.

Background

We aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features, and medical care-seeking process of patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, to provide useful information to contain COVID-19 in other places with similar outbreaks of the virus.

BackgroundAutistic people are at increased risk of developing mental health problems. To reduce the negative impact of living with autism in a non-autistic world, efforts to improve take-up and access to care, and support in early years, which will typically start with a GP appointment, must be grounded in the accounts of autistic young adults.AimTo explore how autistic young adults understand and manage mental health problems; and to consider help seeking as a focus.Design and settingA cross-sectional, qualitative study. Autistic participants were purposively selected to represent a range of mental health conditions including anxiety and depression. A subsample were recruited from a population cohort screened for autism in childhood. The study concerns access to primary care.MethodNineteen autistic young adults without learning disabilities, aged 23 or 24 years, were recruited. In-depth, semi-structured interviews explored how they understood and managed mental health problems. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsYoung adults preferred self-management strategies. Multiple factors contributed to a focus on self-management, including: beliefs about the aetiology of mental health difficulties and increased vulnerability with the context of a diagnosis of autism, knowledge of self-management, and a view that formal support was unavailable or inadequate. Families had limited awareness of professional support.ConclusionYoung autistic adults without learning disabilities, and their families, may hold erroneous beliefs about autism and mental health. This may affect help seeking and contribute to an exacerbation of symptoms. GPs need to be alert to the fact that autistic young adults in their care may be experiencing mental health difficulties but may not recognise them as such.

LGR5^– cells seed colorectal cancer metastases and produce stemlike LGR5⁺ outgrowth-promoting cells.

We spoke with industry experts to identify what’s preventing developers from fully going green – and it all boils down to lack of finances.

Westworld is soon to return with season three. Four episodes in to the impossibly glamorous, highly urbanised future, I can't wait to find out what's going on, writes Emily Wilson

FRENCHIC, the British paint brand with eco-friendly formulas for breathing new life into furniture, homes and garden decor, has seen sales surge 500 percent recently as lockdown sends DIYers into overdrive.

Strange blasts from space called fast radio bursts continue to puzzle astronomers with their odd behaviour, as they seem to come from a variety of galaxies

At the centre of our galaxy, six strange clouds that look like dust and gas orbit a black hole so closely that if they were really just clouds they should have been sucked in by now

A private satellite that is low on fuel could survive five more years because another satellite has come to its rescue – a technique that could be used by future service spacecraft

New images reveal threads of ultra-hot gas woven throughout the sun's corona, in the most detailed look at previously unseen parts of the atmosphere of our closest star

The question of how the brain gives rise to subjective experience is the hardest of all. Mathematicians think they can help, but their first attempts have thrown up some eye-popping conclusions

Astronomers found a star that appeared to be orbiting nothing at all – but it’s actually the closest black hole ever at just 1000 light years away

The OpenAI project demonstrated "emergent behavior" by the AI players, including surfing

The unique body and locomotion strategies of echinoderms inspired this robot that emulates a juvenile sea urchin

Jon shows up but just refers us to previous tweets. Meanwhile, Manny reminds us that black is beautiful. Then Anna Marie leaks all the latest...

As the infrastructure for developing games becomes more advanced, studios have turned to buying best-in-class technology from others instead of building everything from scratch (often with inferior quality). This shift underpinned Unity’s rise as the most popular game engine. The current focus on games as ever-evolving social hubs that can remain popular for a decade […]

High salt intake seems to impair the immune cells in humans that fight bacteria because of a side effect of the hormones that help get rid of salt

The rate of new coronavirus cases is dropping in Australia, largely due to strict travel restrictions, but complacency could cause the virus to get out of hand

Thousands of babies were born with severe brain damage after the 2015 Zika outbreak. New findings could tell us which therapies could help them most