Neuropsychology.

Women immigrants -- Australia -- History.

Amanda Avona
May 29, 2019; 39:4323-4331
Systems/Circuits

A sweeping new study of 101 mammal species found that females live, on average, 18.6 percent longer than their male counterparts

A new study ties the ousting of women directors, actors, producers and screenwriters to the rise of entertainment studios

Here are five takeaways on the teaching profession from the newly released 2017-18 National Teacher and Principal Survey.

Jill Gascoine, actress and novelist

Over the last two decades, STEM teachers have become increasingly more likely to be female and well-qualified.

Clinic-based weight control treatments for youth have largely been designed for preadolescent children and their families by using family-based care, a strategy that may be less appealing to adolescents as they become increasingly motivated by peer acceptance rather than parental influence.

To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of a primary care–based, multicomponent lifestyle intervention specifically tailored for overweight adolescent females and demonstrating a sustained effect (at 12 months) extending beyond the active 5-month intervention. (Read the full article)

High doses of radiation have been linked to cancer induction in irradiated populations such as atomic bomb survivors. Medical imaging directs significant radiation doses to human tissues. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that children are more sensitive to radiation than adults.

The link between cancer induction from moderate radiation doses such as diagnostic imaging is controversial. This study uses Food and Drug Administration–accepted formulas to calculate theoretical risk of breast cancer induction in female pediatric trauma patients receiving diagnostic imaging of the thoracic spine. (Read the full article)

Despite downward trends, the US teen birth rate remains among the highest of developed nations. Childhood maltreatment may place teens at higher risk, but inferences are weak given a lack of prospective study and control for alternative explanations.

Results from the first controlled, prospective study of nulliparous teenagers confirm that victims of maltreatment are more than twice as likely as their nonmaltreated peers to experience a teen childbirth after controlling for demographic confounds and other known risk factors. (Read the full article)

Obesity is a growing concern for Mexican-American adolescents, with both behavioral and cultural variables that are related to the increasing trend.

These results highlight a patient-centered view of the emotional and physical burden of obesity in female Mexican-American adolescents, the families’ personal struggles with weight-related conditions, and the challenge of balancing family needs with those specific to the adolescent. (Read the full article)

Adult males are known to have a greater overall likelihood of death than female adults. Among children, excess male mortality is known for specific conditions but not as a general phenomenon.

Males are more likely to die during childhood and adolescence than their female peers from not only injuries but also from a wide variety of medical conditions, suggesting the existence of either a female robustness factor or a male vulnerability factor. (Read the full article)

Men were also more likely to request a transfer to a school with a male principal.

A new brief from the Brookings Institution poses the question: Is overrepresentation of women in the teaching force negatively affecting boys' achievement?

Gepotidacin, a triazaacenaphthylene bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitor, is in development for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI). This Phase 2a study in female participants with uUTI evaluated the pharmacokinetics (primary objective), safety, and exploratory efficacy of gepotidacin. Eligible participants (N = 22) were confined to the clinic at baseline, received oral gepotidacin 1,500 mg twice daily for 5 days (on-therapy; Days 1 to 5), and returned to the clinic for test-of-cure (Days 10 to 13) and follow-up (Day 28±3). Pharmacokinetic, safety, clinical, and microbiological assessments were performed. Maximum plasma concentrations were observed approximately 1.5 to 2 hours postdose. Steady state was attained by Day 3. Urinary exposure over the dosing interval increased from 3,742 μg.h/ml (Day 1) to 5,973 μg.h/ml (Day 4), with trough concentrations of 322 to 352 μg/ml from Day 3 onward. Gepotidacin had an acceptable safety-risk profile with no treatment-limiting adverse events and no clinically relevant safety trends. Clinical success was achieved in 19 (86%) and 18 (82%) of 22 participants at test-of-cure and follow-up, respectively. Eight participants had a qualifying baseline uropathogen (growth; ≥10⁵ CFU/ml). A therapeutic (combined clinical and microbiological [no growth; <10³ CFU/ml]) successful response was achieved in 6 (75%) and 5 (63%) of 8 participants at test-of-cure and follow-up, respectively. Plasma area under the free-drug concentration-time curve over 24 hours at steady state divided by the MIC (fAUC_0-24/MIC) and urine AUC_0-24/MIC ranged from 6.99 to 90.5 and 1,292 to 121,698, respectively. Further evaluation of gepotidacin in uUTI is warranted. (NCT03568942)

UEFA's 'Women's football across the national associations 2017' report shows how the female game has evolved over the past five years, and offers a snapshot of the sport in each of UEFA's 55 member associations.

Here are five takeaways on the teaching profession from the newly released 2017-18 National Teacher and Principal Survey.

Although the main body of Section 2(q) expressly states that a respondent is an “adult male person”, the proviso widens the scope of proceedings by stating that an aggrieved wife or female living in a relationship in the nature of marriage can file a complaint against a relative of her husband/male partner. This rescinds the argument that the legislative intent was to exclude females. The Appeal was allowed with a direction to the Trial Courts to consider R2 and R3 as respondents in the proceedings.

The Delaware Emergency Management Agency (DEMA) is seeking eligible projects to be submitted through sub-applicants

The W Series has launched an all-female online racing championship aimed at diversifying "what has previously been seen as a predominantly male-dominated activity."

Turkish business magazines Capital and Ekonomist have selected the “50 Powerful Female CEOs” of Turkey. Here is the full list announced at a ceremony in Istanbul on Sept. 5, 2018:

The all-female W Series is launching an esports league for female drivers, with actual racing still suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.With its second season ...

[Nation] Zipporah Kioko is the new Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) spokesperson, becoming the first woman officer to hold the position.

She takes over the Public Affairs Department at a time when the military is slowly embracing openness.

Bhumi Pednekar believes female representation in cinema is extremely important to her

Genetically modified diamondback moths designed to replace pesticides by wiping out female moths have been released in New York state

As the world gets warmer, animals whose sex is determined by temperature are finding cool ways to control their own fate. But can they adapt in time?

Bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia, form alliances and coordinate the timing of their clicking noises to attract females and deter other males

As the world gets warmer, animals whose sex is determined by temperature are finding cool ways to control their own fate. But can they adapt in time?

Title: FDA Moves Female Incontinence Device to 'High Risk' Status
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2014 2:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Female Pelvis Widens, Then Shrinks Over a Lifetime, Study Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 4/25/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/26/2016 12:00:00 AM

Many clinical studies and epidemiological investigations have clearly demonstrated that women are twice as likely to develop cholesterol gallstones as men, and oral contraceptives and other estrogen therapies dramatically increase that risk. Further, animal studies have revealed that estrogen promotes cholesterol gallstone formation through the estrogen receptor (ER) α, but not ERβ, pathway. More importantly, some genetic and pathophysiological studies have found that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) 1 is a new gallstone gene, Lith18, on chromosome 5 in mice and produces additional lithogenic actions, working independently of ERα, to markedly increase cholelithogenesis in female mice. Based on computational modeling of GPER, a novel series of GPER-selective antagonists were designed, synthesized, and subsequently assessed for their therapeutic effects via calcium mobilization, cAMP, and ERα and ERβ fluorescence polarization binding assays. From this series of compounds, one new compound, 2-cyclohexyl-4-isopropyl-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)aniline (CIMBA), exhibits superior antagonism and selectivity exclusively for GPER. Furthermore, CIMBA reduces the formation of 17β-estradiol-induced gallstones in a dose-dependent manner in ovariectomized mice fed a lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. At 32 μg/day/kg CIMBA, no gallstones are found, even in ovariectomized ERα (^–/–) mice treated with 6 μg/day 17β-estradiol and fed the lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. In conclusion, CIMBA treatment protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones by inhibiting the GPER signaling pathway in female mice. CIMBA may thus be a new agent for effectively treating cholesterol gallstone disease in women.­

ABSTRACT

Temporal dynamics of certain human microbiotas have been described in longitudinal studies; variability often relates to modifiable factors or behaviors. Early studies of the urinary microbiota preferentially used samples obtained by transurethral catheterization to minimize vulvovaginal microbial contributions. Whereas voided specimens are preferred for longitudinal studies, the few studies that reported longitudinal data were limited to women with lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms, due to ease of accessing a clinical population for sampling and the impracticality and risk of collecting repeated catheterized urine specimens in a nonclinical population. Here, we studied the microbiota of the LUT of nonsymptomatic, premenopausal women using midstream voided urine (MSU) specimens to investigate relationships between microbial dynamics and personal factors. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a metaculturomics method called expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC), we characterized the microbiotas of MSU and periurethral swab specimens collected daily for approximately 3 months from a small cohort of adult women. Participants were screened for eligibility, including the ability to self-collect paired urogenital specimens prior to enrollment. In this population, we found that measures of microbial dynamics related to specific participant-reported factors, particularly menstruation and vaginal intercourse. Further investigation of the trends revealed differences in the composition and diversity of LUT microbiotas within and across participants. These data, in combination with previous studies showing relationships between the LUT microbiota and LUT symptoms, suggest that personal factors relating to the genitourinary system may be an important consideration in the etiology, prevention, and/or treatment of LUT disorders.

IMPORTANCE Following the discovery of the collective human urinary microbiota, important knowledge gaps remain, including the stability and variability of this microbial niche over time. Initial urinary studies preferentially utilized samples obtained by transurethral catheterization to minimize contributions from vulvovaginal microbes. However, catheterization has the potential to alter the urinary microbiota; therefore, voided specimens are preferred for longitudinal studies. In this report, we describe microbial findings obtained by daily assessment over 3 months in a small cohort of adult women. We found that, similarly to vaginal microbiotas, lower urinary tract (LUT) microbiotas are dynamic, with changes relating to several factors, particularly menstruation and vaginal intercourse. Our study results show that LUT microbiotas are both dynamic and resilient. They also offer novel opportunities to target LUT microbiotas by preventative or therapeutic means, through risk and/or protective factor modification.

ABSTRACTBackground:Female sex workers (FSWs) in Cameroon commonly have unmet need for contraception posing a high risk of unintended pregnancy. Unintended pregnancy leads to a range of outcomes, and due to legal restrictions, FSWs often seek unsafe abortions. Aside from the high burden of HIV, little is known about the broader sexual and reproductive health of FSWs in Cameroon.Methods:From December 2015 to October 2016, we recruited FSWs aged ≥18 years through respondent-driven sampling across 5 Cameroonian cities. Cross-sectional data were collected through a behavioral questionnaire. Modified-robust Poisson regression was used to approximate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for TOP and current use of effective nonbarrier contraception.Results:Among 2,255 FSWs (median age 28 years), 57.6% reported history of unintended pregnancy and 40.0% reported prior TOP. In multivariable analysis, TOP history was associated with current nonbarrier contraceptive use (aPR=1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07, 1.42); ever using emergency contraception (aPR=1.34, 95% CI=1.17, 1.55); >60 clients in the past month (aPR=1.29, 95% CI= 1.07, 1.54) compared to ≤30; inconsistent condom use with clients (aPR=1.17, 95% CI=1.00, 1.37); ever experiencing physical violence (aPR=1.24, 95% CI=1.09, 1.42); and older age. Most (76.5%) women used male condoms for contraception, but only 33.2% reported consistent condom use with all partners. Overall, 26.4% of women reported currently using a nonbarrier contraceptive method, and 6.2% reported using a long-acting method. Previous TOP (aPR=1.41, 95%CI=1.16, 1.72) and ever using emergency contraception (aPR=2.70, 95% CI=2.23, 3.26) were associated with higher nonbarrier contraceptive use. Recent receipt of HIV information (aPR=0.72, 95% CI=0.59, 0.89) and membership in an FSW community-based organization (aPR=0.73, 95% CI=0.57, 0.92) were associated with lower use nonbarrier contraceptive use.Conclusions:Experience of unintended pregnancies and TOP is common among FSWs in Cameroon. Given the low use of nonbarrier contraceptive methods and inconsistent condom use, FSWs are at risk of repeat unintended pregnancies. Improved integration of client-centered, voluntary family planning within community-led HIV services may better support the sexual and reproductive health and human rights of FSWs consistent with the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

Yuta Sakae, Akira Oikawa, Yuki Sugiura, Masatoshi Mita, Shuhei Nakamura, Toshiya Nishimura, Makoto Suematsu, and Minoru Tanaka

The teleost fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes), employs the XX/XY genetic sex determination system. We show here that the phenotypic sex of medaka is affected by changes in lipid metabolism. Medaka larvae subjected to 5 days of starvation underwent female-to-male sex reversal. Metabolomic and RT-qPCR analyses indicated that pantothenate metabolism was suppressed by starvation. Consistently, inhibiting the pantothenate metabolic pathway caused sex reversal. The final metabolite in this pathway is coenzyme A, an essential factor for lipogenesis. Inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, the first step of lipogenesis, also caused sex reversal. The expression of dmrt1, a critical gene for male development, was suppressed by starvation, and a dmrt1 (13) mutant did not show sex reversal under starvation. Collectively, these results indicate that fatty acid synthesis is involved in female-to-male sex reversal through ectopic expression of male gene dmrt1 under starvation.

Background:

Female physicians have been shown to receive fewer awards from medical societies than their male colleagues. We examined the sex distribution of recipients of Canadian residency association awards.

RPGamer is brand new, but does it do that woo woo circle thing? We find the answer to “What is the Dark Souls of Jurassic...

Complacency is not a word in Kelsey Wog’s vocabulary. Every season, the fourth-year Bisons swimmer finds a way to take her game to the next level and break records along the ...

So-called gynandromorphs are rare, but they can teach us a lot about development and evolution

Campaigners welcome move to criminalise those carrying out FGM, but warn it will take time to eradicate practice entirely

Sudan looks set to outlaw female genital mutilation (FGM), in a significant move welcomed by campaigners.

Anyone found carrying out FGM will face up to three years in prison, according to a document seen by the Guardian.

There's an appetite for a more relatable picture of female sexuality and bodies in television and film, writes Lucy Jones. TV shows like 'Run' and 'Fleabag' are proof of that

Report suggests the series takes place in a whole new part of the Star Wars timeline

The singer also suggested women aren't encouraged to get into music production from an early age

The new scheme wants to ensure diverse founders are still standing once things are back to normal

Stay Wild is on a mission to create truly sustainable and ethical swimwear that's well-designed and flattering for all women