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Jake Murzy has been hard at work creating a new navigational library for React Native over the last couple of months. While React JS has the benefit of the highly-regarded React Router, such a comprehensive routing solution doesn’t exist yet in the React Native community. In fact, React Native’s routing landscape has been in constant upheaval for the last year. The library itself has official three ‘navigators’ for handling decision making on which components to show the user, including ‘NavigatorIOS’, ‘Navigator’, and - more recently - ‘NavigatorExperimental’. The open source community likewise has the packages ‘React Native Router Flux’, ‘React Native Router Native’, and ‘React Native Redux Router’, which of which are in various states of completion, or, more commonly, disrepair.

Jake Murzy has been hard at work creating a new navigational library for React Native over the last couple of months. While React JS has the benefit of the highly-regarded React Router, such a comprehensive routing solution doesn’t exist yet in the React Native community. In fact, React Native’s routing landscape has been in constant upheaval for the last year. The library itself has official three ‘navigators’ for handling decision making on which components to show the user, including ‘NavigatorIOS’, ‘Navigator’, and - more recently - ‘NavigatorExperimental’. The open source community likewise has the packages ‘React Native Router Flux’, ‘React Native Router Native’, and ‘React Native Redux Router’, which of which are in various states of completion, or, more commonly, disrepair.

React Router Native appears to focus on matching the API of the immensely popular React Router package, even going as far as introducing the concept of a URL into React Native, which bucks the notion that only web applications need or deserve a URL.

Today Jake is going to share some of his thoughts about his new library.

Q: Hi Jake! The React Native library contains several navigation solutions and the surrounding ecosystem has multiple routing libraries. What made you decide to make your own?

Hey! Thanks for reaching out. I’ve been eagerly watching what’s happening with navigation on React Native for a while. Until very recently, the whole Navigation scene in React Native was a mess. Navigator was being deprecated in favor of NavigationExperimental and NavigationExperimental wasn’t ready for prime time.

My team was just starting a new project so I tried quite a few of the available solutions. Having successfully used React Router on the web, we were looking for a similar solution. Unfortunately, React Router did not support React Native, and other solutions we found were either very unstable, had a hard time keeping up with upstream changes on each release or the quality of code was quite poor.

NavigationExperimental did most of what we wanted but it was a bit too low level so often times we found ourselves writing navigation related code and you can imagine how this gets tedious fast. The low level nature of NavigationExperimental is really by design to allow abstractions to be built up in higher layers. So to finally answer your question, the project came directly out of my frustration trying to make navigation work on React Native as good as React Router did on the web.

Q: What is the strength of your routing system? Is there any type of app that would be a perfect fit with React Router Native? Conversely, is there any type of app that wouldn’t be a good fit with the library?

The use cases for React Router Native is pretty much the same as NavigationExperimental—which is the only supported navigation library by the React Native team. React Router Native is a very thin layer on top of NavigationExperimental that offers React Router’s mental model in a native app. Under the hood, it uses React Router for routing and NavigationExperimental for rendering user components. This is a very powerful combination that makes URLs possible on mobile.

Most apps do not have deep-linking capabilities because implementing it for each screen in your app is a challenging task. Even within apps, users are often forced to take screenshots to share information. And for many, it’s vital that their apps support deep-linking. For example, Yelp goes as far to show a share prompt when users take screenshots of business listings. React Router Native enables developers to implement deep-linking in their apps without putting forth much effort. This can pave the way for a more connected app ecosystem.

That being said, we’re still in the early days of React Native figuring out the right abstractions. Navigation on mobile is a challenging task, and having different flavors is only healthier as the community weighs the pros and cons of each approach rather than second guessing best-practices. So I’m hoping to get the community involved to shape the direction of the project.

Q: Is React Router Native designed to be used with any of the official Navigation components written by the React Native team?

Absolutely. One of the primary goals of the project is that we follow React’s “learn once, write anywhere” principle. So you can use the community maintained components, interpolators and pan responders from React Native, and everything is highly customizable if you need instruct NavigationExperimental to do fancy transition animations, etc.

Q: The React Router team has somewhat famously rewritten their API several times in the last two years, each time introducing several breaking changes. Do you hope to keep your library at parity with React Router, breaking changes and all? Case in point, the V4 release of React Router will introduce an all-new API.

React Router v4 is a complete rewrite. There was a lot of head-scratching on Twitter over the entire new set of breaking changes. Many people thought v4 should at best have been released under a different name. I’m not sure if I agree with that sentiment though, I understand where it is coming from. React Router v4 is a preview release, and in my opinion, it’s really hard to argue against replacing a foreign API with simple React components. I do hope to keep the library at parity with React Router, and to be honest, v4’s new everything-is-a-component approach makes the integration even easier. So over the next few weeks I’ll be working on v4 support.

Q: If you were new to React Native, which routing solution would you use? Why?

This is a hard one to answer. Eric Vicenti has done a great job on NavigationExperimental and most of the issues have been sorted out by the community over the last few months. So if you’re familiar with Redux concepts and comfortable writing your own reducers to manage navigation state, NavigationExperimental is a great choice.

One that I’m surprised you didn’t mention that deserves more attention is ExNavigation—another fairly new addition to the brewery. It also uses NavigationExperimental and is maintained by Adam Miskiewicz, Brent Vatne and other awesome members of the Exponent community. It feels a bit tied to the Exponent platform, but runs perfectly fine on React Native and is open source. So you’ve got that.

Finally, If you’re just getting started with React Native and all you need is to be able to click a button and have it transition to a different scene but you don’t want it to get in your way when you need to reach in and apply complex navigational patterns, I strongly recommend you take React Router Native for a spin.

React Native continues on a development spree in late 2016. With an ambitious two-week release cycle, the framework makes rapid progress towards feature and performance parity with its native Android and iOS equivalents. At the same time, these quick release periods frequently introduce breaking changes, difficulty with setup, and challenges with basic configuration.

Enter Exponent, a tool that promises easier setup, development, and deployment of React Native applications. Rather than being a replacement for React Native, as it is sometimes confused, Exponent augments React Native by dramatically simplifying the development and deployment processes. Whereas basic setup with an Android environment to develop with React Native can take over an hour by hand, even for experienced engineers, Exponent shortens the time to start to “Hello World” to a handful of minutes.

React Native continues on a development spree in late 2016. With an ambitious two-week release cycle, the framework makes rapid progress towards feature and performance parity with its native Android and iOS equivalents. At the same time, these quick release periods frequently introduce breaking changes, difficulty with setup, and challenges with basic configuration.

Enter Exponent, a tool that promises easier setup, development, and deployment of React Native applications. Rather than being a replacement for React Native, as it is sometimes confused, Exponent augments React Native by dramatically simplifying the development and deployment processes. Whereas basic setup with an Android environment to develop with React Native can take over an hour by hand, even for experienced engineers, Exponent shortens the time to start to “Hello World” to a handful of minutes.

Exponent’s prime feature is revealed as it’s namesake IDE. The Exponent IDE is development platform for not only developing apps to test in their respective environment simulators, but also simplifies testing them on real devices.

One of the cofounders of Exponent, Charlie Cheever, agreed to answer a few questions about Exponent and its purpose in the community.

Hi, Charlie. Congrats on the release of Exponent! One of the toughest aspects of Exponent is understanding what its purpose is. What is the primary goal of Exponent?

Thanks :)

Before I worked on mobile software, I spent about 15 years making websites. When I started working on the Quora iPhone app and Android app, it felt like time traveling back to 1993. So many things to worry about that have nothing to do with the product you want to build.

One thing we’re trying to do with Exponent is making it as easy to develop native mobile apps as it is to make websites, or even easier! I think about how I learned to build software as a kid–making games on my TI-85 and making Hypercard stacks–and I want to make it so that the middle school kids of today can make cool stuff for themselves and their friends.

Basic environment setup of the iOS and Android simulators for developing React Native apps is commonly cited as a headache by new developers. What does Exponent do to alleviate this pain?

The biggest thing that Exponent does is take care of everything related to native code for you. So you don’t need to know Swift/Obj-C/Java or even have Xcode or Android Studio to be able to write React Native apps. You write just JavaScript and Exponent has everything else already setup for you.

Since you don’t write any native code with Exponent, just JavaScript, Exponent has a lot of the most popular native modules built in. Native maps, push notifications, Facebook and Google login, camera and camera roll access, contacts, TouchID, and a native video player are all included among other things. We’re always adding more of these as well. We just added full OpenGL support last week and did a game jam and made some mini games with it and are adding sound soon.

We sometimes talk about Exponent as being like Rails for React Native. You could write a website in Ruby on your own. but Rails sets up a bunch of sensible things right off that bat that work together in a coherent way and we kind of do the same thing for React Native. Exponent includes instant app updating as a default, so you can deploy new code and assets with one command in seconds, even faster than most websites can be deployed.

Even after getting set up with the Android and iOS simulators, testing a React Native app on a real phone can still be a challenge. How does Exponent make it easier to share apps in progress with would-be users?

You can actually open any Exponent project that you’re working on in our development app right away. When you develop with Exponent, you get a URL for your project, and you can open that URL on any phone with the Exponent developer app which you can download from the iOS App Store or Google Play Store. You don’t need to jack your phone into your computer–just open the URL.

Another really cool thing about this is that, if you’re working with someone else, you can just send them the URL and they can open it on their phone as well, even if they are halfway around the world.

We’ve done a bunch of work to make this pretty nice, like having console.log work even if the phone running your code isn’t plugged into your computer. And you can, of course, open your project on the iOS Simulator or an Android Emulator as well if you prefer.

I know you mentioned a lot of people have trouble getting React Native setup on Android especially. With Exponent, every project works on both iOS and Android from the start and you never have to deal with Android Studio, so the process of getting going is much easier.

What type, or genre, of application would be a good fit with React Native and Exponent?

I would actually use React Native for almost any mobile app at this point. Doing development the traditional way (writing Swift/Java/Obj-C code) is just too hard to iterate on when you consider the slowness of the code-compile-copy-run loop and the fact that you have to write your app twice (and then keep it in sync!). The other thing that is an absolutely huge deal here but is sometimes overlooked is the layout engine. It’s much easier to build and change a layout in React Native’s Flexbox than any of the UI libraries that I’ve seen for Java/Swift/Obj-C.

And if you need to do something really intense, like Snapchat live video filters, you can just write your own code as a native module and write the rest of your app in JS.

I would use Exponent for anything I could because it just saves a lot of time and headaches since you don’t need to deal with Android Studio or Xcode. Some people don’t know that you can turn an Exponent project into an app store app for iOS or for Android with just one command.

In general, Exponent will work for you in pretty much every case where just having a mobile website is one of the things that you’re considering. The features are pretty equivalent except that Exponent apps feel like native apps and mobile apps still feel like mobile web apps.

The main reason not to use Exponent is if you have some custom native code that you need that isn’t included with Exponent. The most common reasons that people can’t use Exponent are if they need use Bluetooth or HealthKit or something else low level that isn’t built in to Exponent; or if they need to integrate into an existing project (though we are working right now on a solution that will let you do this).

The exception to all this is games. If you are making a mobile game, Unity is probably the best choice for you. But we did add OpenGL support to Exponent recently and had a game jam and I was surprised at how good some of the entries were, so I think that might change.

TL;DR: For apps that aren’t games, always use React Native (if you need to do something super custom, just do it as a native module). If you can, use Exponent (you can most of the time but check our docs to make sure we’re not missing anything you need).

One aspect of React Native that seems to be undergoing constant flux is its solution for navigation. Between the built in Navigators and open source solutions, do you have any thoughts on an ideal solution for navigation?

Short version: I think you should use Ex-Navigation that Adam Miskiewicz (skevy) and Brent Vatne on our team wrote. Skevy in particular has been thinking about navigation in mobile apps and React Native for a long time. Using Ex-Navigation is definitely a better idea than Navigator or NavigatorIOS.

To make things confusing, there is also NavigatorExperimental (yes, that’s different from Ex-Navigation) and ExNavigator (which was made by James Ide and Ex-Navigation is based on). The good news is that everyone working on these problems got together and decided to merge them all together. I don’t know how long that is going to take but it will probably be released sometime in the next few months under the name React Navigation, and that should unify everyone’s efforts!

There is also this other school of thought where some people like to use the platform-specific native code for navigation which is the approach that the Wix Navigator uses. I have a strong personal view that its preferable to write UI components like this in JS because I actually think you want your app to be the same across iOS and Android (they are both just black rectangles with touch screens!) and JS tends to make your code more composable and customizable.

Use Ex-Navigation and keep an eye out for React Navigation! Use JS instead of native for this UI code!

Given the increasingly fast development and deployment times, handling API setup for dealing with data is becoming a large obstacle to React Native apps. Do you have any thoughts about the use of Backend-As-A-Service solutions like Firebase compared to rolling your own API with Node/Express, Rails, or similar?

I don’t have a strongly held view on this right now. There are so many solutions that fit the use cases of people with different needs. We’re seeing things getting easier and easier in every direction that you look.

If you want to write your own code and you’re using JS, you can use something like Zeit’s new now stuff to deploy essentially instantly. If you want a more general purpose solution, Heroku is also really easy. And then of course there is AWS and Google Cloud, etc.

It’s trivially easy for React Native apps to communicate with essentially any backend that uses HTTP/JSON since fetch and JSON.parse are built-in.

If you don’t want to write any code, it seems like Firebase has become the most popular solution since Parse announced its shutdown. One nice thing about Firebase is that you can use their hosted database stuff with React Native using just JS, which means it works just fine with Exponent. Someone wrote up a guide to how to do this here: https://gist.github.com/sushiisumii/d2fd4ae45498592810390b3e05313e5c

Longer term, it seems like something like GraphQL/Relay should become really popular, but that stuff is too hard to setup and use still to be mainstream just yet. I’m not sure whether it will be GraphQL/Relay maturing and getting revised that wins or something else that is slightly different and easy to think about as a developer that comes and beats it, but directionally, it’s definitely right. We built something like this at Quora and it saved a ton of development time.

I would just use whatever you are most comfortable with – almost anything will work! React Native is really similar to the the web in terms of its client capabilities and so I would just think about a React Native or Exponent app as being mostly like a website.

The routing ecosystem around React and React Native is quite different. One is characterized by a strong incumbent, and the other is plagued by rapid change.

React JS

No question about it, React Router (ReactTraining/react-router) is king here. They have the benefit of several years of active development, along with an active community submitting PR’s, fixes, etc. Supplement that with myriad tutorials and how-to’s and you end up with a well-supported, stable product. To be fair, React Router has suffered some major API upsets, and is nearly the poster-child for javascript fatigue but the maintainers have declared their lasting support for a few specific versions, which means you can plop down with V3 and be good to go for the next 12 to 24 months.

React Native

Ok, this is where things start to get really, really crazy. The most important thing to keep in mind is that the React Native team has produced three navigation helpers: NavigatorIOS, Navigator, and NavigatorExperimental.

• NavigatorIOS was quickly deprecated, as it was supported only by (you guessed it) IOS.
• Navigator is the currently endorsed solution for navigation, at least if you are following the official docs. However, its about to be upset by-
• NavigationExperimental. This is an updated navigator that has learned some lessons from Navigator, and has some solid integration with Redux. ‘Navigator’ is (or was!) sleighted to be deprecated in favor of NavigationExperimental at some point.

Already you have three ‘official’ navigators supported by the React Native team. The big issue with all three of these is that they are somewhat lightweight and don’t include a lot of common navigation situations out of the box, like sidebars, tab bars, headers, etc. To solve that, the community has introduced…

• React Native Router Flux (aksonov/react-native-router-flux). My personal favorite, this is router is based upon NavigationExperimental. You can imagine that the authors looked at NavigationExperimental, realized that everyone would be writing the same wrapper code around it, and so created this project.
• React Native Router (t4t5/react-native-router). Haven’t used it, but it is colossally popular.
• React Router Native (jmurzy/react-router-native). Strives for API conformity with React Router (the above mentioned one). The great approach here is that they bring in the concept of a URL in native apps, where one doesn’t otherwise exist. This is a great approach that simplifies a lot of common routing situations. Of course, there’s one more big solution that is supposedly going to become the standard:
• React Navigation (react-community/react-navigation). Seen as a solution that will soon be ‘official’ in the community, it is intended to replaced NavigationExperimental. This package is still in active development, so I expect at least a bit of API upset over the coming months. If you want to use official solutions, go with this, if you want a tried and true solution, go with React Native Router Flux.

You won’t find as many styling solutions for React Native as you will for React JS. This stems from two simple realities:

1. React Native is a much smaller target for component libraries than traditional CSS frameworks. In other words, Bootstrap CSS can be used with any web framework, whereas component libraries for React Native only work with…you guessed it…React Native.
2. Customizing React Native styling isn’t the easiest thing in the world. Many apps demand custom styling, which makes component kits not too useful. In addition, it is challenging to customize each and every component, as the flexibility that you gain with traditional CSS on the web doesn’t carry over easily to component libraries.

With that said, here are a few options.

You won’t find as many styling solutions for React Native as you will for React JS. This stems from two simple realities:

1. React Native is a much smaller target for component libraries than traditional CSS frameworks. In other words, Bootstrap CSS can be used with any web framework, whereas component libraries for React Native only work with…you guessed it…React Native.
2. Customizing React Native styling isn’t the easiest thing in the world. Many apps demand custom styling, which makes component kits not too useful. In addition, it is challenging to customize each and every component, as the flexibility that you gain with traditional CSS on the web doesn’t carry over easily to component libraries.

With that said, here are a few options.

NativeBase - Essential cross-platform UI components for React Native

A huge collection of components, most of which look quite nice. That’s the plus side. The down side is that some of the components are somewhat buggy. No offense to the library authors, its just the state of the library - it needs a bit of work. For example, here’s an issue I opened a few days ago when I discovered the swipe deck component crashed when only a single data element was provided: DeskSwiper throws on single element lists · Issue #562 · GeekyAnts/NativeBase. The authors fixed it up awfully fast, but, hey, that’s a bug that seems like it could have been caught earlier.

React Native Elements - react-native-community/react-native-elements

This is my personal favorite. The styling is generally platform agnostic; it won’t look out of place using it on either Android or iOS. Each component has simple customization, the docs are solid, and it comes with a good set of icons. This is a no-brainer.

React Native Material Design - react-native-material-design/react-native-material-design

Another solid choice, but mostly only useful for Android. Again, its a bit unsettling to see material design - traditionally a stable of Android devices - on iOS. Besides that, the docs are still a work in progress, as evidenced by the lack of docs for nearly half of the components. Nonetheless, if you’re looking for a material design solution, this is better than nothing. It is also worth noting that the project looks generally unmaintained.

React Native Material Kit - xinthink/react-native-material-kit

Another material design solution, but much better maintained than React Native Material Design. This one has the added benefit of a nicer customization API for creating your own custom components - see the docs on this. It also has some more dynamic components like progress bars and sliders, which you may not see on other frameworks. Anything that helps save you time to build your app is always a solid benefit.

Do Your Own Styling!

If none of these choices float your boat, you can always learn how to style components from scratch yourself. I have a course on Udemy that will teach you how to make perfectly reusable components for your own projects. Check it out here: The Complete React Native and Redux Course - Udemy

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