London (3 Haymarket) : Published ... by W.B. Tiffin, June 21st 1830.

[Paris?] : Mac. S. [le tout dirigé & mis au jour, par les soins de Eugene Mac-Swiny], [1741?]

London : printed by W. Wilson, for E. Brewster, and George Sawbridge, at the Bible on Ludgate-Hill, neere Fleet-bridge, 1653.

[between 1800 and 1899]

[London?]

London (6 Seymour Place, Euston Square) : Charles Heath ; [London] (Poultry) : Robert Jennings, May 15 1827 ([London] : Printed by McQueen)

[19--?]

[London] (Historic Gallery, Pall Mall) : Published by R. Bowyer, June 1804

London : Printed & sold by Thos. & John Bowles, printsellers, [1728]

London : Printed and sold by Thos. and John Bowles, printsellers, [1728]

[London] : [Thomas. Bowles] : [John Bowles], [1728]

[London] : [Tho. Bowles], [1728]

The NFL's successful virtual draft and uncertainty surrounding the resumption of hockey this season have raised the possibility of an NHL draft held before the Stanley Cup Final. After postponing its draft scheduled for June 26-27 in light of the coronavirus pandemic, the NHL is considering having it earlier in June with the season in an indefinite suspension. Unlike the NFL, which held its draft as usual in the middle of its offseason, the NHL would face several wrinkles going forward with a draft held before the season is complete: Teams would not be able to trade players, there would be a lack of clarity over next year's salary cap and the draft order could be determined before all games are played.

Learning how to decode words is essential to becoming a reader. But research shows that building a strong vocabulary and knowledge-base is crucial as well.

London : Health Education Council, 1985.

Rockville, Maryland : National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1985.

Rockville, Maryland : National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1986.

Rockville, Maryland : National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1988.

Rockville, Maryland : National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1978.

Beverly Hills : Sage Publications, 1976.

Pac-12 Networks' Ashley Adamson speaks with former Arizona State women's basketball player Michelle Tom, who is now a doctor treating COVID-19 patients in Winslow, Arizona.

Monte Carlo simulation is useful to compute or estimate expected functionals of random elements if those random samples are possible to be generated from the true distribution. However, when the distribution has some unknown parameters, the samples must be generated from an estimated distribution with the parameters replaced by some estimators, which causes a statistical error in Monte Carlo estimation. This paper considers such a statistical error and investigates the asymptotic distributions of Monte Carlo-based estimators when the random elements are not only the real valued, but also functional valued random variables. We also investigate expected functionals for semimartingales in details. The consideration indicates that the Monte Carlo estimation can get worse when a semimartingale has a jump part with unremovable unknown parameters.

Motion synthesis in a dynamic environment has been a long-standing problem for character animation. Methods using motion capture data tend to scale poorly in complex environments because of their larger capturing and labeling requirement. Physics-based controllers are effective in this regard, albeit less controllable. In this paper, we present CARL, a quadruped agent that can be controlled with high-level directives and react naturally to dynamic environments. Starting with an agent that can imitate individual animation clips, we use Generative Adversarial Networks to adapt high-level controls, such as speed and heading, to action distributions that correspond to the original animations. Further fine-tuning through the deep reinforcement learning enables the agent to recover from unseen external perturbations while producing smooth transitions. It then becomes straightforward to create autonomous agents in dynamic environments by adding navigation modules over the entire process. We evaluate our approach by measuring the agent's ability to follow user control and provide a visual analysis of the generated motion to show its effectiveness.

The next seminar in the 2017–18 History of Pre-Modern Medicine seminar series takes place on Tuesday 7 November. Speaker: Dr Michael Brown (University of Roehampton), ‘Anxiety and compassion: emotions and the surgical encounter in early 19th-century Britain’ The historical study of the… Continue reading

According to data released by Power to Decide, an estimated 369,960 New Jersey women of reproductive age (13-44) in need of publicly funded contraception live in counties impacted by the...

(PRWeb April 09, 2020)

Read the full story at https://www.prweb.com/releases/domestic_gag_rule_reduces_contraceptive_access_for_nearly_370_000_women_living_in_new_jersey/prweb17040987.htm

Jere Koskela, Paul A. Jenkins, Adam M. Johansen, Dario Spanò.

Source: The Annals of Statistics, Volume 48, Number 1, 560--583.

Abstract:
We study weighted particle systems in which new generations are resampled from current particles with probabilities proportional to their weights. This covers a broad class of sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods, widely-used in applied statistics and cognate disciplines. We consider the genealogical tree embedded into such particle systems, and identify conditions, as well as an appropriate time-scaling, under which they converge to the Kingman $n$-coalescent in the infinite system size limit in the sense of finite-dimensional distributions. Thus, the tractable $n$-coalescent can be used to predict the shape and size of SMC genealogies, as we illustrate by characterising the limiting mean and variance of the tree height. SMC genealogies are known to be connected to algorithm performance, so that our results are likely to have applications in the design of new methods as well. Our conditions for convergence are strong, but we show by simulation that they do not appear to be necessary.

Edgar Dobriban, William Leeb, Amit Singer.

Source: The Annals of Statistics, Volume 48, Number 1, 491--513.

Abstract:
We consider the linearly transformed spiked model , where the observations $Y_{i}$ are noisy linear transforms of unobserved signals of interest $X_{i}$: egin{equation*}Y_{i}=A_{i}X_{i}+varepsilon_{i},end{equation*} for $i=1,ldots ,n$. The transform matrices $A_{i}$ are also observed. We model the unobserved signals (or regression coefficients) $X_{i}$ as vectors lying on an unknown low-dimensional space. Given only $Y_{i}$ and $A_{i}$ how should we predict or recover their values? The naive approach of performing regression for each observation separately is inaccurate due to the large noise level. Instead, we develop optimal methods for predicting $X_{i}$ by “borrowing strength” across the different samples. Our linear empirical Bayes methods scale to large datasets and rely on weak moment assumptions. We show that this model has wide-ranging applications in signal processing, deconvolution, cryo-electron microscopy, and missing data with noise. For missing data, we show in simulations that our methods are more robust to noise and to unequal sampling than well-known matrix completion methods.

St. Philip and St. James Church (Noarlunga, S.A.)

St. Philip and St. James Church (Noarlunga, S.A.)

The Democracy Fund + UCLA Nationscape Project found some misinformation about the coronavirus is more widespread that you might think.

L. F. South, A. N. Pettitt, C. C. Drovandi.

Source: Bayesian Analysis, Volume 14, Number 3, 773--796.

Abstract:
Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods for sampling from the posterior of static Bayesian models are flexible, parallelisable and capable of handling complex targets. However, it is common practice to adopt a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) kernel with a multivariate normal random walk (RW) proposal in the move step, which can be both inefficient and detrimental for exploring challenging posterior distributions. We develop new SMC methods with independent proposals which allow recycling of all candidates generated in the SMC process and are embarrassingly parallelisable. A novel evidence estimator that is easily computed from the output of our independent SMC is proposed. Our independent proposals are constructed via flexible copula-type models calibrated with the population of SMC particles. We demonstrate through several examples that more precise estimates of posterior expectations and the marginal likelihood can be obtained using fewer likelihood evaluations than the more standard RW approach.

Zhengui Xia
Sep 1, 1996; 16:5425-5436
Articles

Synaptic dysfunction provoking dysregulated cortical neural circuits is currently hypothesized as a key pathophysiological process underlying clinical manifestations in Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. Here, we conducted PET along with postmortem assays to investigate time course changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic constituents in an rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy, which develops tau pathologies leading to noticeable brain atrophy at 5-6 months of age. Both male and female mice were analyzed in this study. We observed that radiosignals derived from [¹¹C]flumazenil, a tracer for benzodiazepine receptor, in rTg4510 mice were significantly lower than the levels in nontransgenic littermates at 2-3 months of age. In contrast, retentions of (E)-[¹¹C]ABP688, a tracer for mGluR5, were unaltered relative to controls at 2 months of age but then gradually declined with aging in parallel with progressive brain atrophy. Biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment of postmortem brain tissues demonstrated that inhibitory, but not excitatory, synaptic constituents selectively diminished without overt loss of somas of GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex and hippocampus of rTg4510 mice at 2 months of age, which was concurrent with enhanced immunoreactivity of cFos, a well-characterized immediate early gene, suggesting that impaired inhibitory neurotransmission may cause hyperexcitability of cortical circuits. Our findings indicate that tau-induced disruption of the inhibitory synapse may be a critical trigger of progressive neurodegeneration, resulting in massive neuronal loss, and PET assessments of inhibitory versus excitatory synapses potentially offer in vivo indices for hyperexcitability and excitotoxicity early in the etiologic pathway of neurodegenerative tauopathies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we examined the in vivo status of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the brain of the rTg4510 tauopathy mouse model by PET imaging with (E)-[¹¹C]ABP688 and [¹¹C]flumazenil, respectively. We identified inhibitory synapse as being significantly dysregulated before brain atrophy at 2 months of age, while excitatory synapse stayed relatively intact at this stage. In line with this observation, postmortem assessment of brain tissues demonstrated selective attenuation of inhibitory synaptic constituents accompanied by the upregulation of cFos before the formation of tau pathology in the forebrain at young ages. Our findings indicate that selective degeneration of inhibitory synapse with hyperexcitability in the cortical circuit constitutes the critical early pathophysiology of tauopathy.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels that play critical roles in neuronal development and nervous system function. Here, we developed a model to study NMDARs in early development in zebrafish, by generating CRISPR-mediated lesions in the NMDAR genes, grin1a and grin1b, which encode the obligatory GluN1 subunits. While receptors containing grin1a or grin1b show high Ca²⁺ permeability, like their mammalian counterpart, grin1a is expressed earlier and more broadly in development than grin1b. Both grin1a^–/– and grin1b^–/– zebrafish are viable. Unlike in rodents, where the grin1 knockout is embryonic lethal, grin1 double-mutant fish (grin1a^–/–; grin1b^–/–), which lack all NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission, survive until ~10 d dpf (days post fertilization), providing a unique opportunity to explore NMDAR function during development and in generating behaviors. Many behavioral defects in the grin1 double-mutant larvae, including abnormal evoked responses to light and acoustic stimuli, prey-capture deficits, and a failure to habituate to acoustic stimuli, are replicated by short-term treatment with the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, suggesting that they arise from acute effects of compromised NMDAR-mediated transmission. Other defects, however, such as periods of hyperactivity and alterations in place preference, are not phenocopied by MK-801, suggesting a developmental origin. Together, we have developed a unique model to study NMDARs in the developing vertebrate nervous system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rapid communication between cells in the nervous system depends on ion channels that are directly activated by chemical neurotransmitters. One such ligand-gated ion channel, the NMDAR, impacts nearly all forms of nervous system function. It has been challenging, however, to study the prolonged absence of NMDARs in vertebrates, and hence their role in nervous system development, due to experimental limitations. Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish lacking all NMDAR transmission are viable through early development and are capable of a wide range of stereotypic behaviors. As such, this zebrafish model provides a unique opportunity to study the role of NMDAR in the development of the early vertebrate nervous system.

The tuberal hypothalamus is comprised of the dorsomedial, ventromedial, and arcuate nuclei, as well as parts of the lateral hypothalamic area, and it governs a wide range of physiologies. During neurogenesis, tuberal hypothalamic neurons are thought to be born in a dorsal-to-ventral and outside-in pattern, although the accuracy of this description has been questioned over the years. Moreover, the intrinsic factors that control the timing of neurogenesis in this region are poorly characterized. Proneural genes, including Achate-scute-like 1 (Ascl1) and Neurogenin 3 (Neurog3) are widely expressed in hypothalamic progenitors and contribute to lineage commitment and subtype-specific neuronal identifies, but the potential role of Neurogenin 2 (Neurog2) remains unexplored. Birthdating in male and female mice showed that tuberal hypothalamic neurogenesis begins as early as E9.5 in the lateral hypothalamic and arcuate and rapidly expands to dorsomedial and ventromedial neurons by E10.5, peaking throughout the region by E11.5. We confirmed an outside-in trend, except for neurons born at E9.5, and uncovered a rostrocaudal progression but did not confirm a dorsal-ventral patterning to tuberal hypothalamic neuronal birth. In the absence of Neurog2, neurogenesis stalls, with a significant reduction in early-born BrdU⁺ cells but no change at later time points. Further, the loss of Ascl1 yielded a similar delay in neuronal birth, suggesting that Ascl1 cannot rescue the loss of Neurog2 and that these proneural genes act independently in the tuberal hypothalamus. Together, our findings show that Neurog2 functions as a classical proneural gene to regulate the temporal progression of tuberal hypothalamic neurogenesis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we investigated the general timing and pattern of neurogenesis within the tuberal hypothalamus. Our results confirmed an outside-in trend of neurogenesis and uncovered a rostrocaudal progression. We also showed that Neurog2 acts as a classical proneural gene and is responsible for regulating the birth of early-born neurons within the ventromedial hypothalamus, acting independently of Ascl1. In addition, we revealed a role for Neurog2 in cell fate specification and differentiation of ventromedial -specific neurons. Last, Neurog2 does not have cross-inhibitory effects on Neurog1, Neurog3, and Ascl1. These findings are the first to reveal a role for Neurog2 in hypothalamic development.

New scans revealed the figure's now-faded eyelashes and green backdrop, but her identity remains a mystery

A century ago, Susan Pringle Frost tirelessly campaigned to save these South Carolina buildings from destruction

The Nunavut government says there is no set limit on how much money it is prepared to spend on hotels for residents required to isolate before they return home.

Newfoundland and Labrador's already fragile economy suffered another gut-punch in April, with Statistics Canada reporting Friday that 29,000 jobs were lost in April alone.

Para Roberto Ramírez de Costa Rica, servir a Dios en misiones ha sido un paso de fe tras otro. Perdió su trabajo, su estabilidad financiera e incluso a su prometida, pero ganó mucho más.

BIS Bulletin No 7, April 2020. Past epidemics had long-lasting effects on economies through illness and the loss of lives, while Covid-19 is marked by widespread containment measures and relatively lower fatalities among young people. The short-term costs of Covid-19 will probably dwarf those of past epidemics, due to the unprecedented and synchronised global sudden stop in economic activity induced by containment measures. The current estimated impact on global GDP growth for 2020 is around -4%, with substantial downside risks if containment policies are prolonged. Output losses are larger for major economies.