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Sleep Duration Patterns in Early to Middle Adulthood and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women

OBJECTIVE

To identify sleep duration trajectories from early to middle adulthood and their associations with incident type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using a group-based modeling approach, we identified sleep duration trajectories based on sleep duration in ages 20–25, 26–35, 36–45, and 46+ years, which were retrospectively assessed in 2009 among 60,068 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (median age 54.9 years) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We investigated the prospective associations between sleep duration trajectories and diabetes risk (2009–2017) using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

We documented 1,797 incident diabetes cases over a median follow-up of 7.8 years (442,437 person-years). Six sleep duration trajectories were identified: persistent 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-h sleep duration and increased or decreased sleep duration. After multivariable adjustment for diabetes risk factors, compared with the persistent 7-h sleep duration group, the hazard ratio was 1.43 (95% CI 1.10, 1.84) for the 5-h group, 1.17 (1.04, 1.33) for the 6-h group, 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) for the 8-h group, 1.33 (1.09, 1.61) for the increased sleep duration group, and 1.32 (1.10, 1.59) for the decreased sleep duration group. Additional adjustment for time-updated comorbidities and BMI attenuated these associations, although a significantly higher risk remained in the decreased sleep duration group (1.24 [1.03, 1.50]).

CONCLUSIONS

Persistent short sleep duration or changes in sleep duration from early to middle adulthood were associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. These associations were weaker after obesity and metabolic comorbidities were accounted for.




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Obstructive Sleep Apnea, a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular and Microvascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From a Population-Based Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE

To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), microvascular complications, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes who subsequently develop obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared with patients with type 2 diabetes without a diagnosis of OSA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This age-, sex-, BMI-, and diabetes duration–matched cohort study used data from a U.K. primary care database from 1 January 2005 to 17 January 2018. Participants aged ≥16 years with type 2 diabetes were included. Exposed participants were those who developed OSA after their diabetes diagnosis; unexposed participants were those without diagnosed OSA. Outcomes were composite CVD (ischemic heart disease [IHD], stroke/transient ischemic attack [TIA], heart failure [HF]), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), atrial fibrillation (AF), peripheral neuropathy (PN), diabetes-related foot disease (DFD), referable retinopathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and all-cause mortality. The same outcomes were explored in patients with preexisting OSA before a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes versus diabetes without diagnosed OSA.

RESULTS

A total of 3,667 exposed participants and 10,450 matched control participants were included. Adjusted hazard ratios for the outcomes were as follows: composite CVD 1.54 (95% CI 1.32, 1.79), IHD 1.55 (1.26, 1.90), HF 1.67 (1.35, 2.06), stroke/TIA 1.57 (1.27, 1.94), PVD 1.10 (0.91, 1.32), AF 1.53 (1.28, 1.83), PN 1.32 (1.14, 1.51), DFD 1.42 (1.16, 1.74), referable retinopathy 0.99 (0.82, 1.21), CKD (stage 3–5) 1.18 (1.02, 1.36), albuminuria 1.11 (1.01, 1.22), and all-cause mortality 1.24 (1.10, 1.40). In the prevalent OSA cohort, the results were similar, but some associations were not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with type 2 diabetes who develop OSA are at increased risk of CVD, AF, PN, DFD, CKD, and all-cause mortality compared with patients without diagnosed OSA. Patients with type 2 diabetes who develop OSA are a high-risk population, and strategies to detect OSA and prevent cardiovascular and microvascular complications should be implemented.




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Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment, Glycemia, and Diabetes Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease

OBJECTIVE

Despite evidence of a relationship among obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), metabolic dysregulation, and diabetes, it is uncertain whether OSA treatment can improve metabolic parameters. We sought to determine effects of long-term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on glycemic control and diabetes risk in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and OSA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Blood, medical history, and personal data were collected in a substudy of 888 participants in the Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular End Points (SAVE) trial in which patients with OSA and stable CVD were randomized to receive CPAP plus usual care, or usual care alone. Serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 2 and 4 years and incident diabetes diagnoses recorded.

RESULTS

Median follow-up was 4.3 years. In those with preexisting diabetes (n = 274), there was no significant difference between the CPAP and usual care groups in serum glucose, HbA1c, or antidiabetic medications during follow-up. There were also no significant between-group differences in participants with prediabetes (n = 452) or in new diagnoses of diabetes. Interaction testing suggested that women with diabetes did poorly in the usual care group, while their counterparts on CPAP therapy remained stable.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with established CVD and OSA, we found no evidence that CPAP therapy over several years affects glycemic control in those with diabetes or prediabetes or diabetes risk over standard-of-care treatment. The potential differential effect according to sex deserves further investigation.




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Disabled flies sleep more as they learn to adapt

New research suggests flies that are unable to fly sleep more as they learn to adapt to their disability.




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Africa Deepens its Approach to Migration Governance, But Are Policies Translating to Action?

While migration once was a lower-priority topic for African governments, the last decade has seen a deepening in governance. Policymakers have integrated migration into their national development strategies and mainstreamed it across policy domains such as health and education. The actions are promising on paper, yet questions remain about the extent to which they will translate to more effective migration management.




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[ Religion & Spirituality ] Open Question : Christians, why do some people keep lying by saying trans been using other Gender's room for long time but that lie?

i even got this from pro trans page that say they have laws banning men from women's room & trans aka GD was put into mad house, & even then there been alot of time where rapists &perverted freaks been using other Gender's bath room too doesn't make it right, they go to prison if they find out




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[ Religion & Spirituality ] Open Question : My mother keeps turning water into wine, walking on water and resurrecting from the dead. Is she a witch?




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Horses Recognize Pics of Their Keepers

Horses picked out photographs of their current keepers, and even of former keepers whom they had not seen in months, at a rate much better than chance.

-- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com




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How Deep a Distaste for Politicians Who Waffle?

When George W. Bush takes the podium tomorrow night to deliver his sixth State of the Union address, what are the chances he will say this? "The war in Iraq has been one gigantic mistake. I am sorry I got us into this mess. I am going to bring the troops home right away."




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Wariness, Not Hatred, Keeps Civil Wars Raging

Here is a measure of the state of the war in Iraq: The number of Iraqis dying each month now rivals the total number of people who died in the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.




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Why Torture Keeps Pace With Enlightenment

In the year 65, the Roman emperor Nero discovered that a group of nobles had hatched a conspiracy to kill him. The tyrant captured the suspects one by one and threatened them with torture; most confessed and implicated others. One of the conspirators, Epicharis, was publicly tortured -- her bones...




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Keep Your YouTube Subscriptions in Sync With Inoreader

Did you know you can subscribe to YouTube channels and playlist in Inoreader? Simply paste the URL of the channel…




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Why sleep matters now more than ever | Matt Walker

A good night's sleep has perhaps never been more important. Sharing wisdom and debunking myths, sleep scientist Matt Walker discusses the impact of sleep on mind and body -- from unleashing your creative powers to boosting your memory and immune health -- and details practices you can start (and stop) doing tonight to get some rest. (This virtual conversation is part of the TED Connects series, hosted by head of TED Chris Anderson and current affairs curator Whitney Pennington Rodgers. Recorded April 1, 2020)




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Virginia Takes Deeper Learning Statewide

The Old Dominion is embedding future-ready knowledge and skills into its education system, giving students a personal arsenal of content mastery and core deeper learning skills.




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Schools Lean on Staff Who Speak Students' Language to Keep English-Learners Connected

The rocky shift to remote learning has exacerbated inequities for the nation's 5 million English-learners. An army of multilingual liaisons work round the clock to plug widening gaps.




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School Resource Officer Activates Taser to Awaken Sleeping Student in Ohio

Police in northeast Ohio have placed a school resource officer on unpaid leave for activating a Taser to wake up a sleeping student.




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Food crisis deepens as Puerto Rico school cafeterias shutter




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Florida sheriff defends keeping childhood shooting a secret




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Texas' Educators Tally the Steep Costs of Harvey

Houston education officials estimate it will cost $700 million to repair and replace schools damaged by Hurricane Harvey.




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Alabama Will Keep Its Common Core Standards--For Now

Board members didn't act on a resolution to revoke Alabama's version of the Common Core State Standards.




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Colorado Shooting Underscores Challenges of Keeping Students Safe (Video)

The STEM School shooting underscores the huge challenges educators face in keeping students safe, even as fatal and injurious gunfire inside K-12 schools remains statistically rare.




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Food crisis deepens as Puerto Rico school cafeterias shutter




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Florida sheriff defends keeping childhood shooting a secret




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Why Some States Keep Schools Closed, Even as Businesses Move to Reopen

As some states move to jump-start economies shut down by the coronavirus, most are keeping their school buildings shuttered. What makes schools such an outlier?




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Armed Staff Keep Rural Schools Safe When Police Are Far Away, Panel Hears

Arming some school staff provides a needed safety option for rural districts far from law enforcement, educators told the Federal School Safety Commission during an Arkansas site visit Wednesday.




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Safe and well : supporting families, protecting children : the Government of South Australia's strategy for keeping families and children safe and well / Department for Child Protection.

'"Safe and well" outlines the actions the Government of South Australia is taking to support families at risk of entering the child protection system, protect children from harm when they come into care, and invest in young people to leave care with opportunities for a bright future.




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The Jungle Deep.




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ABC of Beekeeping.




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Teacher : one woman's struggle to keep the heart in teaching / Gabbie Stroud.

Stroud, G. J. (Gabrielle J.), 1977-




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The nocturnal brain : nightmares, neuroscience and the secret world of sleep / Guy Leschziner.

Sleep deprivation -- Anecdotes.




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The sleepwalkers : how Europe went to war in 1914 / Christopher Clark.

World War, 1914-1918 -- Causes.




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Sleepyhead : the neuroscience of a good night's rest / Henry Nicholls.

Sleep disorders.




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Kansas: Digging a Deeper Hole

News came last evening that Kansas has taken a bold new step in making their schools Even Worse. Tuesday, the Kansas State Board of Education voted to allow unlicensed people to teach in Kansas schools.




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Kansas Supreme Court Approves Law to Fund Schools But Keeps Case Open

Kansas' highest court has declared that the state finally is spending enough money on its public schools under a new education funding law but refused to end a lawsuit filed nearly a decade ago because it wants to monitor future funding by the legislature.




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The diseases of live stock and their most efficient remedies : including horses, cattle, sheep and swine ... / by Lloyd V. Tellor.

London : Bailliere, Tindall, & Cox, 1879.




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Electrical-psychology, or, The electrical philosophy of mental impressions, including a new philosophy of sleep and of consciousness / from the works of J.B. Dods and J.S. Grimes ; revised and edited by H.G. Darling.

London : John J. Griffin, 1851.




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Elementary lectures on veterinary science for agricultural students, farmers, and stock keepers / by Henry Thompson.

Whitehaven : T. Brakenridge, 1895.




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People Keep on Saying They're Killing the Common Core. How Dead Is It?

Florida's governor declares a standards overhaul would "remove all vestiges" of the common core. But it remains unclear how much is really changing under the Florida Benchmarks for Excellent Student Thinking.




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Florida sheriff defends keeping childhood shooting a secret




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Walz expected to keep Minnesota schools closed




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Thousands of Teachers. 4 States. Your Guide to the Protests Sweeping the Nation

As Oklahoma teachers prepare for day four of their statewide walkout, here's a guide to the larger picture of teacher protests.




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Schools Lean on Staff Who Speak Students' Language to Keep English-Learners Connected

The rocky shift to remote learning has exacerbated inequities for the nation's 5 million English-learners. An army of multilingual liaisons work round the clock to plug widening gaps.




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A Perennial Challenge in Rural Alaska: Getting and Keeping Teachers

Recruiters already are offering bonuses, free housing, and airfare to entice teachers to their remote districts—and the competition is about to get worse.




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A woman personifying friendship weeps before the bust of Giovanni Volpato. Engraving by P. Fontana, ca. 1807, after A. Canova.

[Rome?] : [publisher not identified], [1807?]




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A sleeping nymph. Engraving by A. Bertini after G. Tognoli after A. Canova.

[Rome?]




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A Scottish gamekeeper armed with a gun, standing on a mountain-top in the falling snow: he holds a shot eagle in his right hand, and a hound stands at his side. Engraving by J. Outrim, 1856, after E.H. Landseer.

[1856]




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A Scottish gamekeeper armed with a gun, standing on a mountain-top in the falling snow: he holds a shot eagle in his right hand, and a hound stands at his side. Engraving by J. Outrim, 1856, after E.H. Landseer.

London (6, Pall Mall) : Published ... by Henry Graves, & Comp.y, May 10th, 1856.




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Banditti in Italy: a brigand sleeps, a woman watches him, and another man stands guard. Mezzotint after C.L. Eastake.

[London], [between 1820 and 1829?]




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A castle (the Castello Odescalchi di Bracciano?), with a flock of sheep attended by a shepherd. Etching and mezzotint by L. Marvy after Claude Lorraine.

[Paris] : Calcographie du Louvre, Musées Imperiaux, [1849?]




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Sleep.

[1990-1999?]