About a thousand people stood solemnly in the rain at a cenotaph in downtown Halifax on Monday morning to pay tribute to veterans on Remembrance Day.

Mosquito-borne disease is a major global public health issue. One path toward the development of evidence-based strategies to limit mosquito biting is the study of the mosquito nervous system—in particular, the sensory systems that drive biting behavior. The central nervous system of insects consists of the brain and the ventral nerve cord. Here, we describe a protocol for dissecting, immunofluorescent labeling, and imaging both of these structures in the mosquito. This protocol was optimized for Aedes aegypti and works well on Anopheles gambiae tissue. It has not been tested in other mosquito species, but we anticipate that it would work on a range of mosquitoes, and, if not, our protocol will provide a starting point from which to optimize. Notably, a limited number of antibodies cross-react with Ae. aegypti proteins. This protocol is intended for use with validated antibodies and can also be used to test new antibodies as they are generated. It has been successfully used to visualize protein tags, such as green fluorescent protein, that have been introduced into the mosquito to amplify or detect their presence.

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) allow for the noninvasive evaluation of neuronal activity in vivo, and imaging GECIs in Drosophila has become commonplace for understanding neural functions and connectivity in this system. GECIs can also be used as read-outs for studying sleep in this model organism. Here, we describe a methodology for tracking the activity of neurons in the fly brain using a two-photon (2p) microscopy system. This method can be adapted to perform functional studies of neural activity in Drosophila under both spontaneous and evoked conditions, as well as during spontaneous or induced sleep. We first describe a tethering and surgical procedure that allows survival under the microscopy conditions required for long-term recordings. We then outline the steps and reagents required for optogenetic activation of sleep-promoting neurons while simultaneously recording neural activity from the fly brain. We also describe the procedure for recording from two different locations—namely, the top of the head (e.g., to record mushroom body calyx activity) or the back of the head (e.g., to record central complex activity). We also provide different strategies for recording from GECIs confined to the cell body versus the entire neuron. Finally, we describe the steps required for analyzing the multidimensional data that can be acquired. In all, this protocol shows how to perform calcium imaging experiments in tethered flies, with a focus on acquiring spontaneous and induced sleep data.

Sleep studies in Drosophila melanogaster rely mostly on behavioral read-outs to support molecular or circuit-level investigations in this model. Electrophysiology can provide an additional level of understanding in these studies to, for example, investigate changes in brain activity associated with sleep manipulations. In this protocol, we describe a procedure for performing multichannel local field potential (LFP) recordings in the fruit fly, with a flexible system that can be adapted to different experimental paradigms and situations. The approach uses electrodes containing multiple recording sites (16), allowing the acquisition of large amounts of neuronal activity data from a transect through the brain while flies are still able to sleep. The approach starts by tethering the fly, followed by positioning it on an air-supported ball. A multichannel silicon probe is then inserted laterally into the fly brain via one eye, allowing for recording of electrical signals from the retina through to the central brain. These recordings can be acquired under spontaneous conditions or in the presence of visual stimuli, and the minimal surgery promotes long-term recordings (e.g., overnight). Sleep and wake can be tracked using infrared cameras, which allow for the measurement of locomotive activity as well as microbehaviors such as proboscis extensions during sleep. The protocol has been optimized to promote subject survivability, which is an important factor when performing long-term (~16-h) recordings. The approach described here uses specific recording probes, data acquisition devices, and analysis tools. Although it is expected that some of these items might need to be adapted to the equipment available in different laboratories, the overall aim is to provide an overview on how to record electrical activity across the brain of behaving (and sleeping) flies using this kind of approach and technology.

In a new biopic starring Kate Winslet, Miller's many lives—as an artist, model, muse, cook and war correspondent—need little embellishment

With flinty perseverance and a golden touch, Belinda Mulrooney earned an unlikely fortune in the frozen north and reshaped the Canadian frontier

A date has been set for an inquest into the circumstances surrounding the death of a 37-year-old man in police custody in Atikokan, Ont. who overdosed while in police custody in October 2020. The incident led to an investigation by the province's Special Investigations Unit.

Mar del Plata, Argentina :: A church congregation learns about nations without access to the gospel.

The dust has finally settled on the 2024 Saskatchewan election and Premier Scott Moe has appointed a smaller cabinet with many new faces. The Morning Edition political panel discusses the potential impact.

Police said they had pulled their car over and exited the vehicle in order to help a turtle cross the street, something a close family member told CBC at the time came as no surprise. 

A federal judge sentenced a Massachusetts Air National Guard member to 15 years in prison Tuesday for leaking classified military documents about the war in Ukraine, actions prosecutors said put the country's national security at risk, endangered other military members and damaged U.S. relationships with its allies.

The high cost of pet care can be an unfair burden to place on your family when you’re gone. Experts say you should set aside cash pet care expenses, and make sure you have a trusted beneficiary in your will.

Sleep is likely a whole-brain phenomenon, with most of the brain probably benefiting from this state of decreased arousal. Recent advances in our understanding of some potential sleep functions, such as metabolite clearance and synaptic homeostasis, make it evident why the whole brain is likely impacted by sleep: All neurons have synapses, and all neurons produce waste metabolites. Sleep experiments in the fly Drosophila melanogaster suggest that diverse sleep functions appear to be conserved across all animals. Studies of brain activity during sleep in humans typically involve multidimensional data sets, such as those acquired by electroencephalograms (EEGs) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and these whole-brain read-outs often reveal important qualities of different sleep stages, such as changes in frequency dynamics or connectivity. Recently, various techniques have been developed that allow for the recording of neural activity simultaneously across multiple regions of the fly brain. These whole-brain-recording approaches will be important for better understanding sleep physiology and function, as they provide a more comprehensive view of neural dynamics during sleep and wake in a relevant model system. Here, we present a brief summary of some of the findings derived from sleep activity recording studies in sleeping Drosophila flies and discuss the value of electrophysiological versus calcium imaging techniques. Although these involve very different preparations, they both highlight the value of multidimensional data for studying sleep in this model system, like the use of both EEG and fMRI in humans.

An OMers love for people from the Island of Comoros led her to start a Discovery Bible Study for them at a university.

Ministry opportunities in Hungary open up the mission experience for families with younger children.

Getting the whole family involved in a short term missions trip is an unforgettable experience!

As OM Pakistan teams go door-to-door, they make a difference to the lives of two families who see how God changes their situations through prayer.

“The climb has taken me far beyond the mountain,” says Canadian Freedom Climber Denise Heppner, who knows that helping even one person makes a difference.

The combined efforts of trade unions, activists and other heroes over decades paved the way for the glory of the latest Bok win, writes Terry Bell.

In the latest Auditor-General report, what stands out is persistent underperformance and the level of desperation in local governments. Reliance on consultants who don't solve the underlying problem is no longer sustainable, says Khaya Sithole.

Like many in Angola, Tchipangu did not have the financial means for an education. But this changed when a company decided to invest in her.

A growing number of students have experienced a brain injury that could affect their ability to learn in school. Yet most teachers aren't prepared to work with these students.

When you don’t know how financial products or services, such as the two-pot retirement system, it is easy to become mistrustful. Unfounded mistrust can cost you, but knowing the basics can help you make the most of what is available. Laura du Preez explains.

Would parents and children be more engaged if choice were everywhere? Would teachers and leaders function differently if we weren't a monopoly? Is it the lack of choice that breeds resentments and arrogance?

Terry Allison dedicated 50 years of his mathematics career to teaching at Penn State York. The campus community was saddened to learn of his passing on May 22, shortly after he retired from the University.

During a bible study, women start to understand God's love for their children.

The Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness at Penn State, in partnership with the Department of Defense, has launched a new parent-education module designed to help parents and caregivers navigate the journey with their children who are neurodivergent or who have autism spectrum disorder.

Tinashe disciples and shows Zimbabweans that they, too, are called to serve; everyone can share their own stories with others to show the love of Christ. 

The Department of Education has denied 99 percent of applications for public service loan forgiveness under a temporary expanded program funded by Congress, a report finds.

Why don’t black students perform as well as white students on tests? One reporter considers her personal history to understand this disparity.

In a political twist almost no one saw coming, on the morning of November 23, 2019, Devendra Fadnavis took oath as the Maharashtra Chief Minister for a second term.

Donald Trump has begun the process of choosing a cabinet and selecting other high-ranking administration officials following his presidential election victory.

Lawrence Bishnoi first grabbed headlines when he publicly threatened to kill Bollywood actor Salman Khan in 2018.

A government doctor was stabbed seven times in Chennai Wednesday morning by a young man - whose mother was being treated for cancer by the same doctor - who posed as an employee of the Kalaignar Centenary Hospital.

WHO tips to reduce air pollution exposure : हम आपको यहां पर वर्ल्ड हेल्थ ऑर्गनाइजेशन (WHO) द्वारा बताए गए Do's और Dont's बता रहे हैं, जिससे वायु प्रदूषण से होने वाली परेशानियों का सामना नहीं करना पड़ेगा. 

The unique bag is green in colour and has very real-looking leaves and branches.

The body of the MBBS student Srishti Sharma, a resident of Maihar in Madhya Pradesh, who died in a road accident in Russia, has been brought to New Delhi, Chief Minister Mohan Yadav said on Saturday.

A 19-year-old Indian girl was found burnt to death in a walk-in oven at a Walmart in Halifax on October 19.

Moments into his victory speech on Tuesday, Trump lauded his running mate JD Vance and his Indian-American wife, Usha Chilukuri Vance.

Two Delaware women have been sentenced to probation and suspended prison time for tax-related crimes after falsely claiming thousands of dollars in itemized deductions on their tax returns and submitting falsified documents during their respective audits. The cases represent the first prosecutions brought under the new initiative between the Department of Justice and the Department of Finance targeting state tax fraud “These convictions are the result of great work by our prosecutors and our […]

A Townsend man has been sentenced to life in prison for the murder of four family members. On August 18, Donald Grier Jr., 41, was sentenced to life plus 25 years in prison in New Castle County Superior Court after pleading Guilty But Mentally Ill to one count of Murder 1st Degree and one count […]

Delaware fruit and vegetable growers who receive a passing score on their third-party food safety audits and agricultural water tests are eligible to receive cost-share to help cover the expense through the Delaware Department of Agriculture.

Starting Dec. 15, all requests for a homebound vaccination or booster will be filtered through a toll-free number – 1-888-491-4988 – to be assessed and scheduled. Live operators will staff the toll-free line from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday through Friday, and 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturdays.

DOVER, DE (March 4, 2022) – With new positive cases and hospitalizations continuing to decline in Delaware, mask mandates for schools and state buildings were lifted earlier this week across the state, consistent with updated guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC guidance is based on county or community levels of spread and the level […]

 It begins with cold-like symptoms and develops into a bad cough. Coughing spells can be severe, and sometimes the individual might suffer from gagging or vomiting as a result. Some people also may have a high-pitched “whoop” after they cough, which is how the disease got its common name.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE: Office of the Alcoholic Beverage Control Commissioner

When Los Angeles County invested in Whole Person Care (WPC) it could not have known just how important the system’s flexibility would be. Anyone who has had an interface with health care delivery, policy, oversight and management know things change quickly. As data becomes a priority, expectations of the use [...]

The post LA County's Whole Person Care analytics program offers crucial flexibility   appeared first on Government Data Connection.

On February 4, 2019, gloom settled over the iconic Brigade Parade grounds in the heart of Kolkata. Kanhaiya Kumar, then a firebrand Left leader known for his rousing speeches, had cancelled his visit to a rally just before the Lok Sabha election

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and the Israel Security Agency have jointly confirmed that Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar was killed in the Gaza Strip by Israeli soldiers on Wednesday.

An Indian-origin real estate developer and film producer has purchased 'Friends' star Matthew Perry's Los Angeles home.