Powered by solar panels and equipped with the latest technologies, the system remained up even when strong winds crippled mobile services and felled electric poles, writes Jayajit Dash.

This is the first and only publication to provide comprehensive coverage of national laws on conflict of laws, now more commonly referred to as private international law. It presents country-by-country monographs dealing with the statutes, regulations and case law each country applies to cases involving transnational issues. It offers much-needed access to the conflict rules of other countries, presented clearly and concisely by local experts. The looseleaf format allows the monographs to be kept regularly up to date.

Beginning with a general introduction to the private international law of the country concerned, each monograph goes on to discuss choice of law technique, sources of private international law, intangible property rights, marriage, registered partnerships, property, succession and much more. Each national monograph concludes with an overview of the country's relevant civil procedure, examining lex fori, enforcement of foreign judgments and international arbitration.

For detailed information on all volumes of the Encyclopaedia, please visit: www.ielaws.com.

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Relating to the practice of medicine in the large sense, this subset of the International Encyclopaedia of Laws covers national and international medical law. Each national monograph contains a description of the law related to the medical profession, such as access to the medical profession, illegal practice of medicine and control over the practice of medicine. The physician-patient relationship and specific issues such as abortion and euthanasia are covered, as is the national law dealing with the physician in relation to his colleagues, to other health care providers and the health care system.

An international monograph covers the World Health Organization in both its international and regional aspects and a Codex of International Medical Law and Ethics is also included. Forthcoming international monographs will cover international declarations on medical ethics such as the Declaration of Helsinki on Medical Experiments and the European Code of Medical Ethics.

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The world is getting smaller and increasingly interdependent every day. As a result, national and regional developments are, as a matter of necessity, seen in a global framework. States want to preserve their independence but they are confronted with a growing list of problems which they can only solve in co-operation with others. The sheer scale of the issues at stake calls for an institutional framework to give that co-operation a more permanent structure.

It is therefore appropriate in the framework of the International Encyclopaedia of Laws to make accessible comprehensive, substantial and readily available information on the most important intergovernmental organizations, given their importance for the development of international law and intergovernmental co-operation in general. The fundamental changes taking place nowadays at an incredible pace within IGOs render it all the more necessary to put this information within easy reach. Some 55 leading organizations will be described in separate monographs of approximately 150 pages each.

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This comprehensive book provides an overview of all the pertinent information on intellectual property needed to gain a clear comprehension of the legislation and policy on the subject in different countries. Legal practitioners, academics, students, government officials and business people will find here all the information and insight they need to confidently resolve issues related to law and policy in any branch of intellectual property.

Forthcoming supplements will include monographs on each of the international conventions on intellectual property rights, as well as distinct coverage of important issues in intellectual property law within the European Union.

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This resource is an in-depth updated reference source concerning all aspects of insurance law in the industrialized countries of the world. Using the same comprehensive format as the other International Encyclopaedia of Laws publications, this set on insurance law includes general background information and specific country law in each national monograph.

In addition to national monographs, the book contains a Codex with the basic legislation, which the European Union, the European Economic Area and the Swiss Confederation have adopted with regard to private insurance. Forthcoming international monographs will examine European Community Insurance as well as the roles of prominent associations such as AIDA, BIPAR and CEA.

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Family and succession law are tightly bound together. Succession law is usually based on kindred relationships as established by family law. The trends established in the marital property laws and succession laws are often a result of developments in family law.

Equality of spouses and of all children, regardless of their descent, is not without consequences for marital property laws and succession law. Therefore, this comprehensive comparative looseleaf set covers family law together with marital property law and succession law. In addition to the national monographs this subset of the International Encyclopaedia of Laws currently includes a monograph for the European Union.

This set is primarily intended for judges, notaries, lawyers and registrars of civil status who find themselves having to apply foreign laws as a result of applicable international private law. However, it is also of great value to academics and researchers, for whom it stimulates comparative studies by providing the necessary basic materials of family and succession law.

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This set in the International Encyclopaedia of Laws covers national and international environmental law. National monographs contain a description of the country's environmental legislation, an overview of the basic principles of environmental law, the historical background, the role of governmental institutions and the sources of environmental law.

Other subjects covered for each country include pollution control legislation, nature and conservation management, zoning and land-use planning, liability questions and judicial remedies. In addition, international monographs cover international legislation and treaties and the environmental legislation of the European Economic Community.

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The complex law surrounding energy production and the exploitation of natural resources has reached the legal foreground both nationally and internationally. Numerous countries have enacted new legislation in recent years concerning nuclear power generation, the use of non-renewable resources, transportation of hazardous materials and other issues raised by energy production processes.

Other branches of law have inevitably become bound up with energy law, making it difficult for the legal practitioner to gain a clear appreciation of the entire field, especially in a transnational context.

Each national monograph in this book contains a general introduction, a description of the country's energy legislation, an overview of the basic principles of energy law, the historical background, the role of governmental institutions and the sources of energy law in that country's legal system. Each country's regulatory framework concerning electricity, gas, petrol and coal is fully set forth.

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The introduction of new digital information and communications technologies has given birth to a new legal domain, commonly called Information and Communication Technology Law or, more fashionably, Cyber Law.

Practically every country in the world has issued specific legislation or developed case law in this area. The domain has acquired sufficient stability to fit into a common structure and a logical consequence of this evolution is the publication of an International Encyclopaedia of Cyber Law. The initial volume contains information about cyber laws in Australia, Hong Kong, Cyprus, Greece, Ireland, Japan, UK, Portugal, South Africa and Spain. Other countries will be incorporated as the work matures. As well as national monographs, it includes monographs on supranational and international cyber law issues.

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The national monographs in this subset of the International Encyclopaedia of Laws provide a general insight into criminal law and procedure in different countries. For each country, an introduction presents the requisite background knowledge for understanding the principles of criminal justice and then proceeds to a detailed examination of substantive criminal law: its general principles, the principles of criminal responsibility or liability and the grounds for the justification of criminal offences.

A third part is focused upon criminal procedure in each country: the general characteristics of the procedure, the organization of investigation, pre-trial proceedings, trial stage and appeals. A final part covers the execution and extinction of the sanctions.

Forthcoming international monographs will relate to the European Convention on Human Rights, the jurisprudence of the European Court and the European Commission of Human Rights, the mutual assistance treaties in criminal matters and the criminal law aspects of the European Union.

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The increase in European Community memberships and the steady evolution of the harmonization process means that international business opportunities are also on the rise. This convenient resource provides quick and easy guidance on a variety of corporate and partnership considerations that arise in international business, such as mergers, rights and duties of interested parties, stock exchange directives, labor laws and takeovers.

Corporations and Partnerships puts the information necessary for corporations to compete effectively in the shifting global market at the user's fingertips. Through updated supplements, this resource is able to address additional areas of concern as they arise, making it an important and practical tool for business executives and their legal counsel interested in engaging in an international partnership or embarking on corporate expansion into established or newly emerging markets.

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Contracts seal the fate of international transactions. Whether they stand on firm legal ground may hinge upon a minute detail. This subset of the International Encyclopaedia of Laws sheds light on the fine print in the world of contracts, helping ensure the viability (or probe the non-viability) of these detail-oriented instruments.

This resource encompass the national monographs of a wide variety of countries written by local experts. Each national monograph is divided into two parts: the first addresses the general principles at issue and the second covers the specific types of contracts. The work also addresses international aspects of contract law.

The succinct yet scholarly quality of this resource and the practicality of the information provided make it a valuable time-saving tool for business and legal professionals. The updated supplements ensure a library that its resources will remain current on changes to legislation and policy in jurisdictions worldwide.

For detailed information on all volumes of the Encyclopaedia, please visit: www.ielaws.com.

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This set of volumes in the International Encyclopaedia of Laws presents a country-by-country survey of constitutional law throughout the world. It is also unique in that it publishes full English translations of 27 of the constitutions of the world in one source.

Each national monograph includes detailed information of the country's political system, historical background, sources of constitutional law, form of government, state form and subdivisions of the state, component states and decentralized authorities and citizenship. It details specific problems such as foreign relations taxing and spending power, emergency laws, the power of the military and the constitutional relation between church and state.

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In the pursuit or contemplation of international commercial activities, numerous questions of law arise. These volumes in the International Encyclopaedia of Laws answer these questions in a single resource.

Commercial law covers merchants' status and obligations (such as bookkeeping), their bankruptcy and their instruments for business. Economic law, a relatively new legal branch, deals with state intervention in economic activities and includes law of establishment, law of competition and state regulation of conditions of commercial transactions. Specific topics covered in this work include broker/client relations, contracts affecting competition and government taxation incentives for economic activities.

This concise book provides a regularly updated source of key information, written by experts in the field, at both the national and international levels. It is therefore an invaluable resource for both academics and practitioners.

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The International Encyclopaedia of Law: Sports Law deals with international, regional and national sports law. For all three levels, it includes the texts of the laws and the regulations of the sports organizations in a codex section. Countries currently covered include India, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom.

Monographs are structured by jurisdiction and cover various issues such as the history of sports law, media and sponsorship, competition, employment, health, tax and responsibility for injury. For each level of jurisdiction a further distinction will be made between public regulation from governmental authorities and private regulation and by-laws from sports organizations like the IOC and FIFA.

For detailed information on all volumes of the Encyclopaedia, please visit: www.ielaws.com.

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