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Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Categories of Glucose Intolerance

National Diabetes Data Group
Dec 1, 1979; 28:1039-1057
Articles




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The Long Road Ahead: Status Report on the Implementation of the ASEAN MRAs on Professional Services

While it has been years since the Association of Southeast Asian Nations signed accords to facilitate the movement of professionals in seven occupations, implementation of these Mutual Recognition Arrangements remains "painfully slow and uneven across countries." This final report in an MPI-Asian Development Bank series explores MRA implementation by sector, and offers recommendations to help achieve the goal of greater skill mobility in Southeast Asia.




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Temporary Protected Status at Risk: Implications for Central America and U.S. Policy

As the Trump administration weighs the future of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Salvadorans, this teleconference focuses on the legal framework for TPS (particularly for Hondurans and Salvadorans) and profile of current TPS holders; the capacity of El Salvador and Honduras to receive and meaningfully reintegrate returnees; and the implications of TPS termination for broader U.S. policy goals in Central America.




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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Tracy L. Setji
Jan 1, 2005; 23:17-24
Feature Articles




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Lactation Duration and Long-term Risk for Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE

We examined the association of lactation duration with incident type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We monitored 4,372 women with a history of GDM participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II for incident type 2 diabetes over 25 years up to 2017. Lactation history was obtained through follow-up questionnaires to calculate lactation duration. Follow-up blood samples were collected from a subset of these women at median age of 58 years through the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study.

RESULTS

We documented 873 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during 87,411 person-years of follow-up. Longer duration of lactation was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes for both total lactation (hazard ratio 1.05 [95% CI 0.83–1.34] for up to 6 months, 0.91 [0.72–1.16] for 6–12 months, 0.85 [0.67–1.06] for 12–24 months, and 0.73 [0.57–0.93] for >24 months, compared with 0 months; P-trend = 0.003) and exclusive breastfeeding (P-trend = 0.002) after adjustment for age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, parity, age at first birth, smoking, diet quality, physical activity, and prepregnancy BMI. Longer duration of lactation was also associated with lower HbA1c, fasting plasma insulin, and C-peptide concentrations among women without type 2 diabetes at follow-up (all adjusted P-trend ≤0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Longer duration of lactation is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and a favorable glucose metabolic biomarker profile among women with a history of GDM. The underlying mechanisms and impact on diabetes complications, morbidity, and mortality remain to be determined.




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Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association

Caroline S. Fox
Sep 1, 2015; 38:1777-1803
Scientific Statement




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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Can Be Prevented by Lifestyle Intervention: The Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Saila B. Koivusalo
Jan 1, 2016; 39:24-30
Considerations in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus




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Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

Richard S Surwit
Oct 1, 1992; 15:1413-1422
Behavioral Diabetes Series




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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association

Sarah D. de Ferranti
Oct 1, 2014; 37:2843-2863
Scientific Statement




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Periodontal Disease: The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus

Harald Löe
Jan 1, 1993; 16:329-334
Supplement 1: Diabetes in Native Americans




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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Examining the Impact of Modified Dietary Interventions on Maternal Glucose Control and Neonatal Birth Weight

Jennifer M. Yamamoto
Jul 1, 2018; 41:1346-1361
Reconsidering Pregnancy With Diabetes




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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association

Sarah D. de Ferranti
Oct 1, 2014; 37:2843-2863
Scientific Statement




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The Association of Lipoprotein(a) Plasma Levels With Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Control Status in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association of the cardiovascular risk factor lipoprotein (Lp)(a) and vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Patients with type 1 diabetes receiving regular care were recruited in this observational cross-sectional study and divided into four groups according to their Lp(a) levels in nmol/L (very low <10, low 10–30, intermediate 30–120, high >120). Prevalence of vascular complications was compared between the groups. In addition, the association between metabolic control, measured as HbA1c, and Lp(a) was studied.

RESULTS

The patients (n = 1,860) had a median age of 48 years, diabetes duration of 25 years, and HbA1c of 7.8% (61 mmol/mol). The median Lp(a) was 19 (interquartile range 10–71) nmol/L. No significant differences between men and women were observed, but Lp(a) levels increased with increasing age. Patients in the high Lp(a) group had higher prevalence of complications than patients in the very low Lp(a) group. The age- and smoking-status–adjusted relative risk ratio of having any macrovascular disease was 1.51 (95% CI 1.01–2.28, P = 0.048); coronary heart disease, 1.70 (95% CI 0.97–3.00, P = 0.063); albuminuria, 1.68 (95% CI 1.12–2.50, P = 0.01); and calcified aortic valve disease, 2.03 (95% CI 1.03–4.03; P = 0.042). Patients with good metabolic control, HbA1c <6.9% (<52 mmol/mol), had significantly lower Lp(a) levels than patients with poorer metabolic control, HbA1c >6.9% (>52 mmol/mol).

CONCLUSIONS

Lp(a) is a significant risk factor for macrovascular disease, albuminuria, and calcified aortic valve disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Poor metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes is associated with increased Lp(a) levels.




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Strict Preanalytical Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Blood Sample Handling Is Essential for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE

Preanalytical processing of blood samples can affect plasma glucose measurement because on-going glycolysis by cells prior to centrifugation can lower its concentration. In June 2017, ACT Pathology changed the processing of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood samples for pregnant women from a delayed to an early centrifugation protocol. The effect of this change on the rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis was determined.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

All pregnant women in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are recommended for GDM testing with a 75-g OGTT using the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. From January 2015 to May 2017, OGTT samples were collected into sodium fluoride (NaF) tubes and kept at room temperature until completion of the test (delayed centrifugation). From June 2017 to October 2018, OGTT samples in NaF tubes were centrifuged within 10 min (early centrifugation).

RESULTS

A total of 7,509 women were tested with the delayed centrifugation protocol and 4,808 with the early centrifugation protocol. The mean glucose concentrations for the fasting, 1-h and 2-h OGTT samples were, respectively, 0.24 mmol/L (5.4%), 0.34 mmol/L (4.9%), and 0.16 mmol/L (2.3%) higher using the early centrifugation protocol (P < 0.0001 for all), increasing the GDM diagnosis rate from 11.6% (n = 869/7,509) to 20.6% (n = 1,007/4,887).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of the preanalytical processing protocol of OGTT blood samples used for diagnosing GDM. Delay in centrifuging of blood collected into NaF tubes will result in substantially lower rates of diagnosis than if blood is centrifuged early.




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High-Status Criminals Face Greatest Public Wrath

Let's say the FBI hears a senior elected official on a tapped telephone line demanding kickbacks in exchange for favors and shaking down donors for campaign contributions in exchange for plum contracts.




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BORLOTTI BEAN AND TUSCAN BLACK KALE (CAVOLO NERO) SOUP

Fortunately Tuscan black kale (cavolo nero) with its sweet, earthy flavour is readily available now, however as it's gratifyingly hardy and easy to grow, if you have a small patch or pot to put some in I can't encourage you enough to do so; it will pay you back in spades. The crinkly blue/green leaves are quite tough, but with long, slow cooking they become tender and gently sweet, and that's the quality they give to this stick-to-your-ribs soup. I usually make it on the weekend when I have a bit more time to potter around in the kitchen, and love that it makes rather a lot (I've never been one to cook by halves! Although by all means make half the recipe if you'd rather not have leftovers) as having a tub tucked away in the fridge is like gold in the bank in a busy week. There's a fair bit of chopping required to start with, however once that's done the recipe is really straightforward.




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Eucalyptus smoked Marburg emu fillet, beets, macadamia plus Lilly Pilly and finger lime spritzer

Delicious Australian dish with fresh Lilly Pilly and finger lime spritzer.




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Musculoskeletal Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Rachel Peterson Kim
Jul 1, 2001; 19:
Practical Pointers




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Cutaneous Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus

Michelle Duff
Jan 1, 2015; 33:40-48
Practical Pointers




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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Tracy L. Setji
Jan 1, 2005; 23:17-24
Feature Articles




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Perspectives in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Jennifer M. Perkins
Apr 1, 2007; 25:57-62
Feature Articles




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Here’s How The Online Status Indicators In Apps Influence Our Behaviour

By Emily Reynolds. People are often required to adjust their behaviour to meet demands of apps, rather than technology being designed to meet our needs, researchers say.




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Defrosting ancient microbes : emerging genomes in a warmer world / Scott O. Rogers, Professor of Molecular Biology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University ; John D. Castello, Professor Emeritus of Microbiology and

Microorganisms -- History.




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Description of an apparatus intended to facilitate the treatment of fractures of the lower extremity / by T.M. Greenhow.

London : S. Highley, 1833.




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Description of an improved apparatus for inhalation of vapour in the cure of diseases / by John Gairdner.

[Edinburgh] : [publisher not identified], [1823]




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A descriptive list of anthropometric apparatus : consisting of instruments for measuring and testing the chief physical characteristics of the human body.

Cambridge : printed by C.J. Clay at the University Press, 1887.




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Deuxieme etude sur le Pithecanthropus erectus comme precurseur presume de l'homme / par L. Manouvrier.

[Paris] : [publisher not identified], 1895.




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Diabetes, mellitus and insipidus / by Andrew H. Smith.

Detroit, Mich. : G.S. Davis, 1889.




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Diabetes mellitus : its pathological chemistry and treatment / by Carl von Noorden; translated by Florence Buchanan and I. Walker Hall.

Bristol : Wright, 1907.




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Die Chemie in ihrer Anwendung auf Agricultur und Physiologie / von Justus von Liebig.

Braunschweig : F. Vieweg, 1865.




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Die Chromwasser-Behandlung der Syphilis : eine neue Methode / von Justus Edmund Güntz.

Leipzig : Arnold, 1883.




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Die Fötuslunge im gebornen Kinde für Pathologie, Therapie und gerichtliche Arzneiwissenschaft / geschildert von Eduard Jorg.

London : Black, Young & Young, 1835.




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Die Grosshirnwindungen des Menschen mit Berücksichtigung ihrer Entwicklung bei dem Fötus und ihrer Anordnung bei den Affen / neu untersucht und beschrieben von Th. L.W. Bischoff.

Munchen : Verlag der K. Akademie, in commission bei G. Franz, 1868.




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Die Hirnwindungen des Menschen nach eigenen Untersuchungen insbesondere über die Entwicklung derselben beim Fötus ... / dargestellt von Alexander Ecker.

Braunschweig : F. Vieweg, 1869.




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Die physiologischen und pathologischen Beziehungen der weiblichen Sexualorgane zum Tractus intestinalis und besonders zum Magen / von Erwin Kehrer.

Berlin : Karger, 1905.




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Dissertatio inauguralis medica de Pertussi quam ... eruditorum examini subiicit ... Johannes Harrison Anglus.

Gottingae : Typis Jo. Christian. Dieterich, [1793]




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Dissertationes medicæ in Universitate Vindobonensi habitæ ad morbos chronicos pertinentes / Max. Stollii ; edidit et præfatus est Josephus Eyerel.

Viennæ : Typis Christiani Friderici Wappler, 1788-92.




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Du développement du foetus chez les femmes a bassin vicié : recherches cliniques au point de vue de l’accouchement prématuré artificiel / par Felice la Torre.

Paris : O. Doin, 1887.




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Du palper abdominal appliqué à la recherche du volume du foetus par rapport aux dimensions du bassin (palper mensurateur) / par Albert Le Cudennec.

Paris : G. Steinheil, 1891.




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Du réflexe cutané respiratoire chez le foetus à terme; faits d'expérimentation et de clinique concernant son existence; application de ces données à la pratique des accouchements / par Joseph Magne.

Paris : Steinheil, 1896.




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Ein Beitrag zur Lehre vom Abortus und vom fibrinosen Uteruspolypen / von C. Rokitansky.

Wien : C. Ueberreuter, 1860.




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Electro-medical instruments and their management : and illustrated price list of electro-medical apparatus / by K. Schall.

London : Bemrose, 1899.




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Elements of surgical pathology / by Augustus J. Pepper.

London : Cassell, 1894.




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Emploi du forceps pour extraire la tete du foetus apres la sortie du tronc / par J. Grynfeltt.

Paris : A. Delahaye, 1874.




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Ernestus Godofredus Baldinger ... disputationem inauguralem ... Ioan. Conr. Stockar à Neuforn ... de usu cantharidum interno ... habendam annunciat. Praemittitur: historia mercurii et mercurialium medica, et nunc quidem eius pars III.

Goettingae : Litteris Ioann. Christ. Dieterich, Acad. Typogr, [1781]




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Series 02 Part 01: Sir Augustus Charles Gregory letterbook, 1852-1854




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Mixed plantations of eucalyptus and leguminous trees : soil, microbiology and ecosystem services

9783030323653 (electronic bk.)




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Commercial status of plant breeding in India

Tiwari, Aparna, author.
9789811519062




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Assessing wage status transition and stagnation using quantile transition regression

Chih-Yuan Hsu, Yi-Hau Chen, Ruoh-Rong Yu, Tsung-Wei Hung.

Source: The Annals of Applied Statistics, Volume 14, Number 1, 160--177.

Abstract:
Workers in Taiwan overall have been suffering from long-lasting wage stagnation since the mid-1990s. In particular, there seems to be little mobility for the wages of Taiwanese workers to transit across wage quantile groups. It is of interest to see if certain groups of workers, such as female, lower educated and younger generation workers, suffer from the problem more seriously than the others. This work tries to apply a systematic statistical approach to study this issue, based on the longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) survey conducted in Taiwan since 1999. We propose the quantile transition regression model, generalizing recent methodology for quantile association, to assess the wage status transition with respect to the marginal wage quantiles over time as well as the effects of certain demographic and job factors on the wage status transition. Estimation of the model can be based on the composite likelihoods utilizing the binary, or ordinal-data information regarding the quantile transition, with the associated asymptotic theory established. A goodness-of-fit procedure for the proposed model is developed. The performances of the estimation and the goodness-of-fit procedures for the quantile transition model are illustrated through simulations. The application of the proposed methodology to the PSFD survey data suggests that female, private-sector workers with higher age and education below postgraduate level suffer from more severe wage status stagnation than the others.




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Cortical Tonotopic Map Changes in Humans Are Larger in Hearing Loss Than in Additional Tinnitus

Neural plasticity due to hearing loss results in tonotopic map changes. Several studies have suggested a relation between hearing loss-induced tonotopic reorganization and tinnitus. This large fMRI study on humans was intended to clarify the relations between hearing loss, tinnitus, and tonotopic reorganization. To determine the differential effect of hearing loss and tinnitus, both male and female participants with bilateral high-frequency hearing loss, with and without tinnitus, and a control group were included. In a total of 90 participants, bilateral cortical responses to sound stimulation were measured with loudness-matched pure-tone stimuli (0.25-8 kHz). In the bilateral auditory cortices, the high-frequency sound-evoked activation level was higher in both hearing-impaired participant groups, compared with the control group. This was most prominent in the hearing loss group without tinnitus. Similarly, the tonotopic maps for the hearing loss without tinnitus group were significantly different from the controls, whereas the maps of those with tinnitus were not. These results show that higher response amplitudes and map reorganization are a characteristic of hearing loss, not of tinnitus. Both tonotopic maps and response amplitudes of tinnitus participants appear intermediate to the controls and hearing loss without tinnitus group. This observation suggests a connection between tinnitus and an incomplete form of central compensation to hearing loss, rather than excessive adaptation. One implication of this may be that treatments for tinnitus shift their focus toward enhancing the cortical plasticity, instead of reversing it.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tinnitus, a common and potentially devastating condition, is the presence of a "phantom" sound that often accompanies hearing loss. Hearing loss is known to induce plastic changes in cortical and subcortical areas. Although plasticity is a valuable trait that allows the human brain to rewire and recover from injury and sensory deprivation, it can lead to tinnitus as an unwanted side effect. In this large fMRI study, we provide evidence that tinnitus is related to a more conservative form of reorganization than in hearing loss without tinnitus. This result contrasts with the previous notion that tinnitus is related to excessive reorganization. As a consequence, treatments for tinnitus may need to enhance the cortical plasticity, rather than reverse it.