iron Taking Development Activities to Scale in Fragile and Low Capacity Environments By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Thu, 01 Sep 2011 10:17:00 -0400 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fragile states present one of the greatest challenges to global development and poverty reduction. Despite much new learning that has emerged from within the development community in recent years, understanding of how to address fragility remains modest. There is growing recognition that donor engagement in fragile states must look beyond the confines of the traditional aid effectiveness agenda if it is to achieve its intended objectives, which include statebuilding, meeting the needs of citizens, and managing risk more effectively. Current approaches are constrained by relying heavily on small-scale interventions, are weakened by poor coordination and volatility, and struggle to promote an appropriate role for the recipient state.Scaling up (i.e., the expansion, replication, adaption and sustaining of successful policies and programs in space and over time to reach a greater number of people) is highly relevant to fragile settings, both as an objective and as a strategic approach to development. As an objective, it reinforces the logic that the scale of the challenges in fragile states demands interventions that are commensurate in purpose and equal to the task. As a strategy, it encourages donors to identify and leverage successes, and to integrate institutional development more explicitly into projects and programs. In addition, scaling up can assist donors in addressing the priority areas of improved project design and implementation, sustainability and effective risk management. Successful scaling up in fragile states almost certainly occurs less often than is possible and does not always involve a systematic approach. Donors should therefore look to more systematically pursue scaling up in fragile states and evaluate their performance with specific reference to this objective. This can be done by incorporating relevant elements of a scaling up framework into operational policies, from strategy development through to program design and monitoring. Contrary to expectations, there are compelling examples of successful scaling up in fragile states. While the conditions prevailing in fragile states create serious obstacles in terms of “drivers” (the forces that push the scaling up process forward) and “spaces” (the opportunities that need to be created, or potential obstacles that need to be removed for interventions to grow), and in terms of the operational modalities of donors, these can be overcome through the careful design and delivery of programs with a clear focus on creating scaling up pathways, and through close partnership and sustained engagement of governments, communities and foreign partners. Case study evidence suggests that the pathways taken to reach scale in fragile states demand different approaches by donors. Donors need to adopt greater selectivity in determining which areas or sectors for scaling up are justified—a strategy that has also assisted some donors in managing risk. More investment and time are required in upfront analysis and building the evidence for successful scaling up pathways. In some cases, donors require longer time horizons to achieve scale, although demand from government or beneficiaries has sometimes forced donors to move immediately to scale, allowing little or no time for piloting. Regardless of the pace of scaling up, donors that were most successful were engaged early and then remained engaged, often far beyond the replication phase of scaling up, to increase the likelihood of interventions being sustained. Other common characteristics of successful scaling up were simple project design and a focus on the institutional aspects of the scaling up pathway. Case studies also point to the crucial role of drivers in moving the scaling up process forward in fragile states. Proven ideas and practical models have often been picked up in fragile states, contrary to the expectation that actors may be less responsive to recognizing and acting on the utility of promising results. Leaders undoubtedly have a role to play in supporting scaling up, although there are clear dangers that must be avoided, including avoiding the perception that donors are picking (political) winners by nominating leaders, and tying the survival of projects too closely to the fortunes of a leader’s political career. Incentives were found to be one of the most important drivers in fragile states, and there is a good case to be made for donors introducing new inducements, greater transparency or similar reforms to strengthen the role incentives play. Finally, and in contrast to the standard scaling up framework, community demand was found to be an important driver in many fragile states, both in demanding the expansion of small-scale projects and by facilitating the community’s own resources to support the scaling up process. The greatest challenge to scaling up in fragile states is the limited spaces these environments provide. This is especially the case in respect to those spaces which concern aspects of governance: political, institutional and policy spaces. When working in fragile states, donors must recognize that spaces for scaling up are almost always more constrained, but look for ways to expand upon them. Some of the most successful examples of scaling up used creative approaches to build space quickly or used existing capacity to the fullest possible extent. Also relevant are the lessons of robust analysis, greater realism and cost control. The case studies confirm the importance of two additional spaces in fragile states. For example, security space often imposed horizontal obstacles to scaling up which could not realistically be overcome while ownership space served as a good indication of the perceived legitimacy of the scaling up process and the likelihood that interventions would be sustained longer term. Case studies also affirm the importance of emphasizing robust project design and implementation, and the close linkages between the scaling up agenda and the role of risk management and sustainability in fragile states. While sustainability presented a significant problem for many of the projects and programs reviewed, a more focused approach around scaling up may assist donors in addressing sustainability concerns. This would entail adopting a longer-term perspective beyond the immediate confines of any individual project, looking for available drivers and supportive spaces, and focusing on effective implementation and consistent monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Any intervention introduced on a small scale that scores well in sustainability serves as a possible candidate for scaling up. Similarly, many of the methods used by donors for managing risk—an emphasis on analysis, scenario planning, realism and making use of specialized aid instruments—are equally relevant for supporting scaling up in fragile countries. A persuasive argument can be made that the adoption of a more explicit scaling up approach by donors can form part of a risk management strategy in fragile states. Scaling up can enable donors to more ambitiously tackle development risks without allowing institutional and project risks to grow unchecked. Ultimately, a donor approach that combines good risk management and scaling up requires strong leadership and well-aligned incentives. Downloads Download the full paper Authors Laurence ChandyJohannes F. Linn Image Source: © Beawiharta Beawiharta / Reuters Full Article
iron Global economic and environmental outcomes of the Paris Agreement By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: The Paris Agreement, adopted by the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2015, has now been signed by 197 countries. It entered into force in 2016. The agreement established a process for moving the world toward stabilizing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations at a level that would avoid dangerous climate… Full Article
iron Global economic and environmental outcomes of the Paris Agreement By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: The Paris Agreement, adopted by the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2015, has now been signed by 197 countries. It entered into force in 2016. The agreement established a process for moving the world toward stabilizing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations at a level that would avoid dangerous climate… Full Article
iron The Washington war on science and the environment is getting totally insane By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 30 Mar 2017 13:18:08 -0400 Just read the headlines and weep Full Article Business
iron UNEP & TreeHugger Launch Blogging Contest for World Environment Day By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 07 Feb 2013 11:48:33 -0500 Once again, we're proud to partner with the United Nations Environment Programme to help fight food waste and bring attention to World Environment Day. Full Article Living
iron Vote now for World Environment Day Blogging Contest! By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 03 Apr 2013 11:48:37 -0400 Did you know that 50% of food produced is wasted? It is true, but thankfully, the United Nations Environment Program and TreeHugger are helping shine a light on this problem with our fourth annual World Environment Day Blogging Competition. Full Article Living
iron Winner announced in World Environment Day blogging contest By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 19 Apr 2013 09:54:11 -0400 Charles Immanuel Akhimien, a Nigerian doctor and writer, will report from WED host country Mongolia. Full Article Business
iron U.S. Food Waste Challenge honors World Environment Day By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 03 Jun 2013 19:42:00 -0400 In keeping with this year's theme, the USDA and EPA are launching a challenge to reduce food waste at each step from farm to fork. Full Article Living
iron Fighting food waste around the globe in honor of World Environment Day By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 05 Jun 2013 12:47:25 -0400 A round-up of stories addressing the global problem of food waste. Full Article Business
iron Mongolia hosts World Environment Day to highlight sustainable future By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 06 Jun 2013 17:08:00 -0400 I was fortunate enough to attend the official start of World Environment Day in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Here's why their vision for a sustainable future is so important. Full Article Business
iron United Nations Environment Programme announces the 2014 theme of World Environment Day By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 05 Mar 2014 11:12:16 -0500 Vote today for your favorite slogan! Full Article Science
iron Video showdown: Vote for the best in the United Nations Environment Programme’s competition By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 22 Apr 2014 13:28:39 -0400 Send one of these video bloggers to cover World Environment Day. Full Article Science
iron Gisele Bündchen and Don Cheadle have an environmental challenge for you By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 01 May 2014 15:12:40 -0400 Celebrity ambassadors call for support for the UN’s World Environment Day. Full Article Science
iron 21-year-old activist wins World Environment Day video competition By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 08 May 2014 11:44:25 -0400 The United Nations Environment Programme and goodwill ambassador Don Cheadle have selected a winner. See the video here. Full Article Science
iron Ian Somerhalder named Goodwill Ambassador for World Environment Day 2014 By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 05 Jun 2014 20:00:38 -0400 The actor known for The Vampire Diaries and Lost joined today's World Environment Day celebrations in Barbados. Full Article Living
iron World Environment Day highlights Barbados’ sustainability programs By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 09 Jun 2014 17:04:19 -0400 The host country of the United Nations World Environment day is working to protect its natural resources and adapt to climate change. Full Article Business
iron World Environment Day 2015 to promote sustainable lifestyles By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 25 Mar 2015 09:45:00 -0400 The UN Environment Program takes aim at unsustainable consumption in 2015. Full Article Living
iron World Environment Day launches logo design competition By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 06 Apr 2015 11:00:26 -0400 Design a logo for this year’s World Environment Day and win a trip to Milan, Italy. Full Article Living
iron Enter the World Environment Day blogging competition and win a trip to Milan By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 17 Apr 2015 12:48:59 -0400 In anticipation of World Environment Day on June 5, the United Nations Environment Programme is hosting a blogging competition to raise awareness about this year’s theme of sustainable consumption. Full Article Living
iron Football star Yaya Touré joins the World Environment Day celebrations as goodwill ambassador By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 05 Jun 2015 18:00:00 -0400 The soccer star arrived in an electric retro-fit Fiat Panda and attended a cooking demonstration. Full Article Living
iron Are environmental laws to blame for California's wildfires? By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 07 Aug 2018 13:39:43 -0400 A certain Commander in Chief says that wildfires are being made 'so much worse by the bad environmental laws.' Here's what's really happening. Full Article Business
iron Why don't more people (especially environmentalists) drink bag-in-box wine? By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 28 Aug 2017 10:29:36 -0400 Perhaps our perceptions are predicated on the packaging. Full Article Design
iron Are "Green" energy and water savings programs in hotels really about the environment? By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 05 Dec 2014 09:16:09 -0500 Are they good for everyone or just about making money and getting rid of workers? Full Article Business
iron Trulia study finds Americans say they care about the environment but aren't willing to pay for it By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 15 Apr 2016 11:10:56 -0400 The extremely dated "It ain't easy being green" title of this Trulia survey actually misinterprets the data; judging by the questions they asked, it is perfectly easy being green; it just ain't cheap. Full Article Business
iron Existing Ozone Controls Aren't Protecting Human Health or the Environment, Report Says By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Sat, 04 Oct 2008 23:50:00 -0400 Image from NASA updated: As many noted, I (idiotically) cited the Montreal Protocol's success here, which has nothing to do with reducing tropospheric ozone -- rather, it has to do with fixing the ozone layer. Thank you commenters, and my apologies for Full Article Technology
iron Ocean Iron Fertilization Could Stimulate Toxic Algae Blooms in Open Ocean By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 08 Nov 2010 17:17:00 -0500 There's no doubt that geoengineering brings out passionate emotions both pro and con, as recent debate on TreeHugger about the sort of-moratorium on some research coming out of the Convention on Biological Diversity Full Article Science
iron Message for Policymakers: Ocean Iron Fertilization Chances of Success Low By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 31 Jan 2011 14:55:00 -0500 Another summary of the potential risks and benefits of ocean iron fertilization--the geoengineering method which proposes seeding oceans with iron so as to stimulate microscopic plants that absorb carbon from the Full Article Technology
iron Injecting Aerosols Into Atmosphere to Slow Global Warming Environmentally & Economically Risky By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 18 Apr 2011 11:00:00 -0400 Another report on another geoengineering method that is likely too risky to try and utterly not cost-effective: Injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to slow warming (which would do absolutely nothing about ocean acidification, by the way). Full Article Technology
iron A Tale of Two Geoengineering Experiments: Ocean Iron Fertilization & Injecting the Atmosphere By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 18 Jul 2012 17:30:00 -0400 The first field test of injecting sulfate particles into the atmosphere is proposed for New Mexico; ocean iron fertilization experiment shows more promise than previous ones. Full Article Science
iron First ever United Nations Environment Assembly to shape Sustainable Development Goals By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 27 Jun 2014 14:30:01 -0400 Delegates from United Nations member states meet to discuss a global environmental agenda. Full Article Business
iron Italy hosts the official World Environment Day celebrations at Expo Milano By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 05 Jun 2015 01:00:00 -0400 The UN Environment Programme kicks off its official celebration of World Environment Day in Milan. Full Article Living
iron Share your idea for how big data can help the environment and score a trip to the Eye on Earth Summit in Abu Dhabi By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 21 Jul 2015 11:00:06 -0400 The Eye on Earth Summit aims to harness the power of data and new data gathering technologies to help the environment and support sustainable development. Full Article Uncategorized
iron Pragmatic Environmentalism Hosts Carnival of the Green By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 08 Dec 2009 13:34:15 -0500 This week marks Carnival of the Green #205, and it's being hosted by Pragmatic Environmentalism, a blog that explores urban sustainability. Thanks so much to Brenda Pike, who runs the site, for a last minute Carnival round-up. Through her blog, Brenda Full Article TreeHugger Exclusives
iron World First: Environmental Law Appeal To Be Argued Over Twitter By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 15 Dec 2011 13:45:00 -0500 A "moot court" will be held over Twitter for the first time ever, and students from 5 major Canadian law schools will argue an environmental law. Full Article Technology
iron Green Tax Shift & Other Environmental Issues Cartoon-Style by Stuart McMillen By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 20 Jan 2011 03:12:09 -0500 Here is someone who gets the message across, in a funny and beautiful way. Australian Stuart McMillen takes topics around environmental sustainability and turns them into catchy cartoons. Full Article Design
iron Ask Pablo: What is the Best Environmental Choice for Yoga Mats? By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 04 Oct 2010 07:13:00 -0400 Each year thousands of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) yoga mats are sold Full Article Living
iron Quote of the Day: Michael Schade on PVC and Environmental Justice By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 09 Oct 2007 11:18:30 -0400 Sam Suds and the Case of PVC The entire life cycle of PVC is an issue of environmental justice and racism. Many PVC plants are located near poor and communities of color. These facilities have poisoned workers and fence-line neighbors, polluted the Full Article Living
iron How Not To Present Vinyl as an Environmentally Sound Choice By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 22 Jan 2009 12:13:52 -0500 Over at the Sietch Blog, an environmental site that I respect a lot, a roofer named Leo defends PVC roofing as one of the greenest roofs. He isn't wrong; it comes in white, and white roofs are all the rage, it lasts a long time and is a Full Article Design
iron Photo: Triumphant monarch feeds on the ironweed By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 04 Oct 2019 06:00:00 -0400 Our photo of the day comes from northern Illinois. Full Article Science
iron Who was the greenest president? 12 environmental groups are polled and the results might surprise you By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 16 Feb 2015 15:25:39 -0500 Corporate Knights Magazine asks the question and gets a different result than we did. Full Article Business
iron Dicaprio's 11th Hour Features Real Environmental Superstars By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Tue, 07 Aug 2007 14:00:39 -0400 Two weeks ago, fellow Treehugger George Spyros and I had the opportunity to catch a sneak preview of Leonardo Dicaprio's The 11th Hour. Organized by Project Greenhouse, the screening was appropriately held outdoors and under the stars at Marders, an Full Article TreeHugger Exclusives
iron California, Oregon and Washington join British Columbia to create new environmental superpower By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 04 Nov 2013 09:53:24 -0500 Last week, California joined Oregon and Washington in signing a pact with British Columbia called the Pacific Coast Action Plan on Climate and Energy, which forms an alliance to set shared fuel standards and mandates for cutting carbon emissions. Full Article Business
iron Finally: Environment Plays a Role in a Presidential Election By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 08:43:41 -0500 For the first time in my lifetime the environment is a top-tier issue in a presidential race, as was clearly in evidence in the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary. It was next to impossible for a candidate to have any sort of press event Full Article Business
iron Solar-activated canopy creates interactive environment that responds to light (Video) By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Fri, 30 Jun 2017 13:55:07 -0400 This digitally knitted canopy uses photo-luminescent yarns to create a semi-shaded summer pavilion for visitors to NYC's MoMA PS1 gallery. Full Article Design
iron 3 Lessons The Everglades Can Teach Everyone About the Environment By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 22 Nov 2010 11:59:54 -0500 All photos credit Collin Dunn Ed. note: 24 of the top teachers in the U.S. have been chosen to go to the Galapagos Islands, with a stop in the Florida Everglades, with the Toyota International Teacher Program. The program is designed to engage a variety Full Article Science
iron 85% of Americans Want Better Environmental Coverage. Let the Media Know. By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 29 Feb 2012 09:33:00 -0500 What does it take to get improved environmental coverage in the media? Full Article Business
iron Philippines Mining Activist Awarded Goldman Environmental Prize for Stopping Norwegian-owned Nickel Mine By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Thu, 19 Apr 2012 05:44:00 -0400 Grassroots activist honored for 10-year protest against a proposed nickel mine on Mindoro Island Full Article Business
iron Artist & engineer team up to create paints made out of environmental toxins (Video) By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Wed, 05 Jul 2017 15:47:53 -0400 Toxins leached out of old coal mines in the American Rust Belt are converted into custom paints. Full Article Living
iron Stair of the Week 'focuses on offering employees an activity-based working environment' By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 01 Jun 2015 09:25:56 -0400 A health insurer practices what it preaches. Full Article Design
iron Berta Cáceres, winner of the Goldman Environmental Prize, was murdered in Honduras By www.treehugger.com Published On :: Mon, 07 Mar 2016 06:30:39 -0500 The world mourns the loss of Berta Cáceres, an Indigenous woman who peacefully yet persistently resisted the destruction of waterways in Honduras for mining projects. Full Article Living