Title: MRI May Help Gauge Stroke Risk in Those With Irregular Heartbeat
Category: Health News
Created: 4/27/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Milder Autism Typically Diagnosed Later in Girls
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Coming Soon: A Test to Gauge Your Obesity Risk?
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Traumatic Life Events May Harm Women's Hearts, Study Suggests
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Take Precautions to Prevent Child Poisonings
Category: Health News
Created: 4/22/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/25/2016 12:00:00 AM

Title: House Delays Vote on Obamacare Overhaul
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Sandals May Cause Foot Problems
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: After Age 50, Yearly Eye Checks May Catch Common Cause of Vision Loss
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: What Foods Can Hasten, or Delay, Menopause?
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Blood Type May Play Role in Death Risk After Trauma
Category: Health News
Created: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Harms of Banned Pregnancy Drug Linger for Decades in Daughters
Category: Health News
Created: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Could Time in a Sauna Lower Your Stroke Risk?
Category: Health News
Created: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Managing Nausea for Cancer Patients
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Autism Diagnoses Reliable at 14 Months, Study Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: What Price Beauty for Women? Far More Than for Men
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Newly Discovered Illness May Cause Nearly 1 in 5 Dementias, Experts Say
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Treatments Targeting Social Behavior Hormone Show Promise With Autism
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: 'Microbiome' May Be Key to Autism Symptoms
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Male-Hormone Gene May Help Cause Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: For People With Autism, Encounters With Police Can Turn Dangerous
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Have Heart Failure? Take Precautions During Pandemic
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: NIH Launches $500 Million Contest to Produce Best COVID-19 Test
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: COVID-19 May Be Causing Kawasaki Disease Heart Condition in Kids
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Screen Time for Tiniest Tots Linked to Autism-Like Symptoms
Category: Health News
Created: 4/20/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/21/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: AHA News: Traumatic Childhood Increases Lifelong Risk for Heart Disease, Early Death
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2020 12:00:00 AM

After a week seeing cancer patients with COVID-19 as the inpatient consult attending, Don Dizon finds himself more emotionally exhausted than he's ever been before.

The newest addition to the PMC International effort, PubMed Central Canada has now been made public. Stay tuned for the launch of PMC Canada's manuscript submission system later this year.

NIH-supported scientists have made over 300,000 author manuscripts available in PMC. Now NIH is making these papers accessible to the public in a format that will allow robust text analyses.

You can download the PMC collection of NIH-supported author manuscripts as a package in either XML or plain-text format at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/manuscript/. The collection encompasses all NIH manuscripts posted to PMC that were published in July 2008 or later. While the public can access the manuscripts’ full text and accompanying figures, tables, and multimedia via the PMC website, the newly available XML and plain-text files include full text only. In addition to text mining, the files may be used consistent with the principles of fair use under copyright law.

Please note that these author manuscript files are not part of the PMC Open Access Subset.

The NIH Office of Extramural Research developed this resource to increase the impact of NIH funding. Through this collection, scientists will be able to analyze these manuscripts, further apply NIH research findings, and generate new discoveries.

For more information, please visit the PMC author manuscript collection webpage.

Title: Potato & Sausages, Cold Cuts a Bad Combo for Your Brain
Category: Health News
Created: 4/22/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/23/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: A Woman's Guide to Skin Care During and After Menopause
Category: Health News
Created: 2/23/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/24/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Perimenopause
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 7/5/2005 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 9/17/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Study Links Menopausal Night Sweats to Impaired Thinking
Category: Health News
Created: 9/25/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 9/25/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: How Does Early Menopause Affect a Woman's Heart?
Category: Health News
Created: 10/10/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 10/11/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: HIV Could Speed Menopause Onset
Category: Health News
Created: 11/6/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 11/7/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Understanding the Menopausal Transition
Category: Health News
Created: 12/2/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 12/2/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Less Sex Could Mean Earlier Menopause
Category: Health News
Created: 1/15/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 1/16/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: AHA News: Estrogen Therapy in Early Menopause May Help Keep Arteries Clear
Category: Health News
Created: 3/3/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/4/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Menopause May Someday Disappear as Women Postpone Pregnancy: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 4/24/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Long Periods in Space Alter Astronauts' Brains
Category: Health News
Created: 4/14/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/15/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Austedo (deutetrabenazine)
Category: Medications
Created: 4/17/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/17/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Pets May Help Parents of Kids With Autism Fight Stress
Category: Health News
Created: 5/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Vyxeos (daunorubicin and cytarabine)
Category: Medications
Created: 4/24/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/24/2020 12:00:00 AM

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been found to play critical roles in tumorigenesis and the development of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metastasis associated with lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) has been identified as an oncogene and prognostic biomarker in HCC. Here, we demonstrated that MALAT1 expression was obviously high in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Furthermore, knockdown of MALAT1 increased sorafenib sensitivity in nonresponsive HCC cells, whereas forced expression of MALAT1 conferred sorafenib resistance to responsive HCC cells in vitro. In addition, loss/gain-of-function assays revealed that MALAT1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in HCC cells. Mechanistically, MALAT1 regulated Aurora-A expression by sponging miR-140-5p, thus promoting sorafenib resistance in HCC cells. Moreover, MALAT1 inhibition enhanced the antitumor efficacy of sorafenib in vivo. Clinically, we found that MALAT1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-140-5p expression but positively correlated with Aurora-A expression in patients with HCC and that upregulated MALAT1 was closely correlated with poor survival outcomes in patients with HCC. These findings indicated that MALAT1 may be a novel target for prognosis prediction and therapeutic strategies in patients with HCC treated with sorafenib.

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and an agonistic antibody against the death-inducing TRAIL receptor 5, DR5, are thought to selectively induce tumor cell death and therefore, have gained attention as potential therapeutics currently under investigation in several clinical trials. However, some tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL/DR5–induced cell death, even though they express DR5. Previously, we reported that DR5 is transported into the nucleus by importin β1, and knockdown of importin β1 upregulates cell surface expression of DR5 resulting in increased TRAIL sensitivity in vitro. Here, we examined the impact of importin β1 knockdown on agonistic anti-human DR5 (hDR5) antibody therapy. Drug-inducible importin β1 knockdown sensitizes HeLa cells to TRAIL-induced cell death in vitro, and exerts an antitumor effect when combined with agonistic anti-hDR5 antibody administration in vivo. Therapeutic importin β1 knockdown, administered via the atelocollagen delivery system, as well as treatment with the importin β inhibitor, importazole, induced regression and/or eradication of two human TRAIL-resistant tumor cells when combined with agonistic anti-hDR5 antibody treatment. Thus, these findings suggest that the inhibition of importin β1 would be useful to improve the therapeutic effects of agonistic anti-hDR5 antibody against TRAIL-resistant cancers.

Purpose: Measurement of dental plaque is frequently used as an indicator of overall oral health. The purpose of this study was to compare a manual (visual) plaque scoring system (University of Mississippi Oral Hygiene Index, UM-OHI) with an innovative automated digital scoring system.Methods: Mechanically ventilated, intensive care unit (ICU) patients (n=79) were the study population. Informed consent was given by the subject's legally authorized representative. Digital images of dental plaque were taken using an intraoral camera; and the quantity of dental plaque was scored using the UM-OHI and with a digitized automated scoring system. Distributions of dental plaque scores from both methods were plotted. Pearson correlation coefficients and intra-class coefficients were calculated between the two methods.Results: Participant mean age was 57.3 years; respiratory failure was the most prevalent admission diagnosis (55.7%). The mean percentage of dental plaque calculated by the manual method was found to be remarkably higher (67.3% ± 18.7%) than the percentage of dental plaque calculated by the automated scoring method (23.7% ± 15.2%) (p<0.0001). Despite remarkably different distributions of plaque scores, both the automated and manual scoring systems demostrated relatively high correlation (r=0.62) and good reliability (ICC=0.63).Conclusion: The automated digital scoring system resulted in a significantly lower overall percentage of total dental plaque as compared to the UM-OHI manual scoring system. While the automated digital scoring system may be more precise than a manual (visual) scoring system, its use should be weighed against the added effort, cost, and expertise required for the method. Further study is needed to determine whether an automated digital scoring system can be commercialized and is warranted for use outside of research settings.

The autosomal dominant disorder Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is caused by mutations in UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein-1 (UBIAD1), which uses geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) to synthesize the vitamin K₂ subtype menaquinone-4 (MK-4). SCD is characterized by opacification of the cornea, owing to aberrant build-up of cholesterol in the tissue. We previously discovered that sterols stimulate association of UBIAD1 with ER-localized HMG-CoA reductase, which catalyzes a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids, including GGpp. Binding to UBIAD1 inhibits sterol-accelerated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of reductase and permits continued synthesis of GGpp in cholesterol-replete cells. GGpp disrupts UBIAD1-reductase binding and thereby allows for maximal ERAD of reductase as well as ER-to-Golgi translocation of UBIAD1. SCD-associated UBIAD1 is refractory to GGpp-mediated dissociation from reductase and remains sequestered in the ER to inhibit ERAD. Here, we report development of a biochemical assay for UBIAD1-mediated synthesis of MK-4 in isolated membranes and intact cells. Using this assay, we compared enzymatic activity of WT UBIAD1 with that of SCD-associated variants. Our studies revealed that SCD-associated UBIAD1 exhibited reduced MK-4 synthetic activity, which may result from its reduced affinity for GGpp. Sequestration in the ER protects SCD-associated UBIAD1 from autophagy and allows intracellular accumulation of the mutant protein, which amplifies the inhibitory effect on reductase ERAD. These findings have important implications not only for the understanding of SCD etiology but also for the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering statin therapy, which becomes limited, in part, because of UBIAD1-mediated inhibition of reductase ERAD.

ABSTRACT

Population-level analyses are rapidly becoming inadequate to answer many of biomedical science and microbial ecology’s most pressing questions. The role of microbial populations within ecosystems and the evolutionary selective pressure on individuals depend fundamentally on the metabolic activity of single cells. Yet, many existing single-cell technologies provide only indirect evidence of metabolic specialization because they rely on correlations between transcription and phenotype established at the level of the population to infer activity. In this study, we take a top-down approach using isotope labels and secondary ion mass spectrometry to track the uptake of carbon and nitrogen atoms from different sources into biomass and directly observe dynamic changes in anabolic specialization at the level of single cells. We investigate the classic microbiological phenomenon of diauxic growth at the single-cell level in the model methylotroph Methylobacterium extorquens. In nature, this organism inhabits the phyllosphere, where it experiences diurnal changes in the available carbon substrates, necessitating an overhaul of central carbon metabolism. We show that the population exhibits a unimodal response to the changing availability of viable substrates, a conclusion that supports the canonical model but has thus far been supported by only indirect evidence. We anticipate that the ability to monitor the dynamics of anabolism in individual cells directly will have important applications across the fields of ecology, medicine, and biogeochemistry, especially where regulation downstream of transcription has the potential to manifest as heterogeneity that would be undetectable with other existing single-cell approaches.

IMPORTANCE Understanding how genetic information is realized as the behavior of individual cells is a long-term goal of biology but represents a significant technological challenge. In clonal microbial populations, variation in gene regulation is often interpreted as metabolic heterogeneity. This follows the central dogma of biology, in which information flows from DNA to RNA to protein and ultimately manifests as activity. At present, DNA and RNA can be characterized in single cells, but the abundance and activity of proteins cannot. Inferences about metabolic activity usually therefore rely on the assumption that transcription reflects activity. By tracking the atoms from which they build their biomass, we make direct observations of growth rate and substrate specialization in individual cells throughout a period of growth in a changing environment. This approach allows the flow of information from DNA to be constrained from the distal end of the regulatory cascade and will become an essential tool in the rapidly advancing field of single-cell metabolism.

ABSTRACT

Over the past decade, Candida auris has emerged as an urgent threat to public health. Initially reported from cases of ear infections in Japan and Korea, C. auris has since been detected around the world. While whole-genome sequencing has been extensively used to trace the genetic relationships of the global emergence and local outbreaks, a recent report in mBio describes a targeted genotyping method as a rapid and inexpensive method for classifying C. auris isolates (T. de Groot, Y. Puts, I. Berrio, A. Chowdhary, and J. F. Meis, mBio 11:e02971-19, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02971-19, 2020).