The invention relates to Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivatives; compositions comprising an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative; and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a metabolic disorder or neurodegenerative disorder comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative.

The present invention provides a rubber composition that can enhance the fuel economy, wet-grip performance, and abrasion resistance in a balanced manner, and a pneumatic tire using this rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition that contains a rubber component, silica, and a silane coupling agent, wherein the rubber component contains, based on 100% by mass of the rubber component, not less than 5% by mass of a conjugated diene polymer containing a constituent unit based on a conjugated diene and a constituent unit represented by formula (I) below, at least one terminal of the polymer being modified with a specific compound; an amount of the silica is 5 to 150 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component; and the silane coupling agent contains a mercapto group.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition with which it is possible to produce a tire that retains wear resistance and has excellent frictional force on ice, and a pneumatic tire using the rubber composition. The rubber composition of the present invention is a rubber composition comprising a diene rubber, carbon black and/or a white filler, and a master batch prepared by premixing a non-diene rubber and an organic peroxide, wherein a total content of carbon black and white filler is from 20 to 70 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of diene rubber and a content of the non-diene rubber in the master batch is from 3 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber.

Provided are methods for the treatment of a rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosating spondylitis and/or polymyalgia rheumatic, by administering a delayed-release dosage form of a glucocorticoid to a subject in need thereof wherein the treatment is administered once daily for at least about two weeks. Also provided are methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis by administering a delayed-release dosage form of a glucocorticoid to a subject in need thereof wherein the treatment is administered once daily for at least about two weeks.

A pneumatic compression garment includes a flexible member for placement on a limb of a human body. A bladder in the flexible member defines an inflatable chamber. The bladder has an opening through which the inflatable chamber is inflated. A port mounted on the bladder has an air inlet adapted for communication with a source of pressurized air and an air outlet in communication with the inflatable chamber via the opening in the bladder. Pressurized air is delivered from into the inflatable chamber for inflating the inflatable chamber and thereby applying a compression force to the limb when the flexible member is in place on the limb. An air diverter affixed to an inside surface of a first sheet of the bladder and configured to divert air entering the inflatable chamber from directly impinging against an inside surface of a second sheet of the bladder.

Provided herein are mitochondrial-nuclear exchanged cells and animals comprising mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from one subject and nuclear DNA (nDNA) from a different subject. Methods for producing a mitochondrial-nuclear exchanged animal and animals made by the methods are provided. Also provided are methods of screening for agents useful for treating a disease or disorder using mitochondrial-nuclear exchanged animals or cells, tissues or organs thereof.

Human antibodies, preferably recombinant human antibodies, that specifically bind to human interleukin-12 (hIL-12) are disclosed. Preferred antibodies have high affinity for hIL-12 and neutralize hIL-12 activity in vitro and in vivo. An antibody of the invention can be a full-length antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof. The antibodies, or antibody portions, of the invention are useful for detecting hIL-12 and for inhibiting hIL-12 activity, e.g., in a human subject suffering from a disorder in which hIL-12 activity is detrimental. Nucleic acids, vectors and host cells for expressing the recombinant human antibodies of the invention, and methods of synthesizing the recombinant human antibodies, are also encompassed by the invention.

The invention relates to antibody molecules having specificity for antigenic determinants of human OX40, therapeutic uses of the antibody molecules and methods for producing said antibody molecules.

The present invention relates to fusion proteins comprising an antibody, functional fragment or functional derivative thereof having specific binding affinity to either the extracellular domain of oncofetal fibronectin (ED-B) or at least one of the extracellular domains of oncofetal tenascin fused to a cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-10, IL15, IL-24 and GM-CSF, functional fragments and functional derivatives thereof. The invention is also directed to the use of at least one of said fusion proteins for the manufacture of a medicament. In particular, the invention concerns the use of said medicament for the treatment of tumors or chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis.

A medical device for blood flow restoration and/or for use as an implantable member in a human vessel includes a self-expanding member, a guidewire, and a connection mechanism. The self-expanding member includes a plurality of cells and filaments having specific ranges of thicknesses, widths, and heights. The self-expanding member can take on a volume-reduced coiled form with overlapped edges, and can generate optimal radial forces against a vessel wall and/or thrombus when deployed and expanded.

A synergy-based human-machine interface that uses low-dimensional command signals to control a high dimensional virtual, robotic or paralyzed human hand is provided. Temporal postural synergies are extracted from angular velocities of finger joints of five healthy subjects when they perform hand movements that are similar to activities of daily living. Extracted Synergies are used in real-time brain control, where a virtual, robotic or paralyzed human hand is controlled to manipulate virtual or real world objects.

Newly identified mammalian taste-cell-specific G protein-coupled receptors, and the genes and cDNA encoding said receptors are described. Specifically, T1R G protein-coupled receptors active in taste signaling, and the genes and cDNA encoding the same, are described, along with methods for isolating such genes and for isolating and expressing such receptors. Methods for representing taste perception of a particular tastant in a mammal are also described, as are methods for generating novel molecules or combinations of molecules that elicit a predetermined taste perception in a mammal, and methods for simulating one or more tastes. Further, methods for stimulating or blocking taste perception in a mammal are also disclosed.

The disclosure relates to a novel use of a food composition for human use, having fewer than 1600 picomoles of polyamines, for the production of a medical food which is intended to combat a syndrome or pathology involving N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2-B.

The present invention relates to an anti-human α9 integrin antibody. More particularly, the present invention relates to: a monoclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody and a human antibody that specifically recognize human α9 integrin; a hybridoma cell that produces the monoclonal antibody; a method for producing the monoclonal antibody; a method for producing the hybridoma cell; a therapeutic agent comprising the anti-human α9 integrin antibody; a diagnostic agent comprising the human α9 integrin antibody; and a method for screening for a compound that inhibits the activity of human α9 integrin.

A graphic may include a consumable and having optically encoded information.

A human surrogate neck model includes a spinal neck region containing cervical vertebrae. A biosimulant intervertebral material is inserted between the cervical vertebrae. The spinal neck region is surrounded by a first silicone material mixed with a polymeric cross-linking inhibitor. One or more elastic tension bands are anchored to a top interface and a bottom interface of the neck model. A second silicone material mixed with a polymeric cross-linking inhibitor is applied to surround the spinal neck region and the first silicone material and to embed the tension bands. One or more of the elastic tension bands and/or a concentration ratio of the first silicone material or second silicone material to the polymeric cross-linking inhibitor can be adjusted for variable test conditions to closely simulate or mimic the static and dynamic characteristics of a human neck in various scenarios.

An anatomical model assembly of the human head for use in teaching medical personnel. The anatomical model has an inner base that is shaped as part of the human skull. A first layer of material covers the base. The first layer of material provides a visual indication of at least some muscle groups contained within a human head. A second layer of material is provided that covers the first layer. The second layer of material has an exterior that is shaped with at least some human facial features. The second layer of material and the first layer of material are separate, unattached layers. The material selected for the first layer mimics the suppleness of muscle. The material selected for the top second layer mimics the feel and elasticity of skin. The result is an anatomical model that can be used to accurately teach, plan and practice medical procedures.

A control arrangement for a hydropneumatic suspension system and a hydropneumatic suspension system are provided. The control arrangement has a pressure supply connection, a return connection, a piston chamber connection adapted to be connected to the piston chamber of a suspension cylinder of the hydropneumatic suspension system, an annular chamber connection adapted to be connected to the annular chamber of the suspension cylinder, and at least one controllable valve arrangement comprising a plurality of switch positions via which the pressure supply connection and the return connection are connectable to the piston chamber connection and the annular chamber connection. The annular chamber connection is in flow connection with the return connection via a pressure-limiting line having a hydraulically controllable pressure-limiting element. The pressure-limiting element has a control input adapted to be acted upon via a control line by a control pressure which is limitable to a predefinable pressure limit.

The disclosed invention introduces an efficient lifting mechanism for reciprocating vertically a load system, the load consisting of the aggregate weights of a cargo payload in conjunction with “dead weights” of moving parts of the lifting apparatus. The disclosed invention uses a hydro-pneumatic linear actuator to lift the load and a pressurized accumulator, acting as a force intensifier. The pressurized accumulator, acting as a self-contained stored energy source, provides to the actuator adequate power to lift the “dead weights” plus part of the cargo payload. An external power source provides to the actuator adequate power to lift the remainder of the cargo payload. The disclosed invention saves significant amounts of power and energy in applications in which the “dead weights” are sizable compared to the cargo load. The disclosed invention provides also exceptional means for accurate motion control of the cargo payload.

A tandem-type pneumatic brake booster, in particular for hydraulic vehicle brake systems, having a housing comprising a first and a second housing half shell, the interior of which is divided with the aid of a partition into a front and a rear booster chamber, wherein the partition has a centrally arranged, circular cavity, through which a control housing or a cylindrical control housing extension extends, and the partition rests sealingly against the control housing or the control housing extension by a sealing element, having a first and a second movable wall, which respectively subdivide the front and the rear booster chamber into a first low-pressure chamber and a first working chamber and into a second low-pressure chamber and a second working chamber, having at least one connecting conduit between the first working chamber and the second working chamber in order to equalize the pressure between said two working chambers.

A cup for an air valve assembly in a positive displacement pneumatic motor includes a cup body, a gas cavity, and a first pilot slot. The cup body is rectilinear and has a sliding face as one side, and the gas cavity is concave and extends into the cup body through the sliding face and terminates within the cup body. The first pilot slot extends from the gas cavity and into the cup body through the sliding face and terminates within the cup body.

Valve control device includes a body with a longitudinal axis, a control member housed at least partially in the body in a bottom portion along the longitudinal axis, a piston movable along the longitudinal axis and housed in a portion of the body forming with the piston a control chamber of the piston, an element movable in rotation with respect to the longitudinal axis on a top portion of the body, and sealing means between the movable element and the control chamber in the area of the connection port and/or of the passage.

A pneumatic actuator comprises a containment jacket (2) and an activating bar (14) mounted through the containment jacket (2) and able to move between a first operating position and a second operating position. The actuator (1) also comprises a fixed part (23) integral with the jacket (2) having a main axis of extension (X), and a mobile part (26) slidably connected to the fixed part (23), and operatively connected to the activating bar (14) in such a way that it moves with the bar. The fixed part (23) also comprises at least a core (25) made of ferromagnetic material extending along the axis (X). Two magnets (29) are attached to the mobile part (26) on diametrically opposite sides relative to the main axis of extension (X). The mobile part (26) can also move relative to the fixed part (23) between a first position of maximum magnetic uncoupling between the magnets (29) and the ferromagnetic core (25), and a second position of maximum magnetic coupling between the magnets (29) and the ferromagnetic core (25). Finally, a sensor (30) for detecting the magnetic field is mounted at one end of the ferromagnetic core (25).

A port shield assembly includes a cup, a fitting, and a retaining pin. The cup includes a top with a hole, a sidewall, a cavity defined by the top and the sidewall, and a side port in the side wall. The fitting includes a body with a first end and a second end, a flange at the first end, and a central bore extending from the first end. The fitting also includes a port that communicates with the central bore, and a cross bore near the second end. The fitting extends through the hole of the cup and a retaining pin is disposed in the cross bore to retain the cup between the first end and the second end of the fitting.

In order to treat human or animal hair fixedly arranged on a sopport, hair is divided into strands. The divided strands are subjected to a dielectric plasma treatment by drawing an apparatus connected to a high voltage source (8) through the strands. The apparatus can be in the form of tongs or have a comb-like structure.

A method of braiding a stent includes braiding a number of elongate filaments around a mandrel using tensioned braiding carriers without spooling the filaments to the tensioned braiding carriers to form a braided stent having atraumatic ends.

Devices, systems, and methods are provided for adherence monitoring, and devices, systems, and methods are provided for monitoring use of consumable dispensers. In general, the devices, systems, and methods can facilitate an individual's adherence to a schedule for consuming consumables and can facilitate monitoring and tracking of the individual's adherence to the schedule. The devices, systems, and methods can allow data regarding the individual's historical adherence to the schedule to be accessible via a computer system. In one embodiment, an accessory is provided that can be configured to attach to consumable dispensers. The accessory can be configured to be removably and replaceably coupled to the dispenser. The accessory can be configured to provide a notification to a user indicating that a certain event occurred and/or that a certain action needs to be taken. The accessory can be configured to sense attachment thereof to and removal thereof from the dispenser.

Herein described is an electro-pneumatic sound alarm, to be fitted on a two or four wheeled vehicle, constituted by an electro-compressor (2), having the function of drawing atmospheric air, compressing it and conveying it to an acoustic group (3). Such sound alarm (1) is characterized in that the electro-compressor (2) and the acoustic group (3) are mutually held by means of removable fit-coupling; furthermore, the coupling elements are rigid and integral with the aforementioned two components (FIG. 1).

A pump system (120) has a central pump unit (110), with which at least one hook-up unit (130). The least one hook-up unit (130) is from a group of a plurality of hook-up units (130) that can be combined in modular form for setting an operating point of a pump (10) that forms the pump unit (110). A method uses such a hook-up unit (130) in a pump system (120) for setting an operating point of the pump unit (110) thereof. A medical device is provided with such a pump unit (110) or with such a pump unit (110) and at least one hook-up unit (130) combined with the pump unit (110).

A pneumatic tire for improving steering stability performance on dry and wet road surfaces. The tire tread pattern has circumferential center main grooves, outside and inside main grooves, land sections demarcated by the main grooves, ground contact borders on both sides of the tire, and closed shoulder lug grooves. A ratio Wmax/Wout of a maximum main groove width Wmax and an outside main groove width Wout is at between 1.5 and 2.5 inclusive. A ratio Sin/Sout of a groove area ratio Sin of a region on a tire-widthwise second side of a tire centerline and a groove area ratio Sout of a region on a first side of the tire centerline is at least 1.10 and smaller than 1.25. A groove area ratio of a region on the second side of a tire-widthwise centerline of the intermediate land sections exceeds that of a region on the first side.

A non-pneumatic tire for supporting a load by working in tension comprising a generally annular inner surface, a generally annular outer ring, and an interconnected web having a plurality of web elements and comprising a plurality of generally polygonal openings. Web elements are sized, oriented and comprised of a material that facilitates buckling when subjected to a compressive load. By buckling, those elements in a deformed portion of the tire between a hub and a footprint region where the tire contacts a surface may assume a significantly reduced portion of the load, if any. This causes web elements in other portions of the interconnected web to operate in tension to support the load. With the portion of the tire in the footprint region not bearing a significant portion of the load, non-pneumatic tire may exhibit a more comfortable ride subject to less noise and vibration and improved handling capabilities.

A pneumatic tire in which an inner liner including a film mainly made of thermoplastic resin is attached to an inside of the tire via a tie rubber sheet, on an inner side of a carcass layer, and which has a lap-splice portion where end portions of the film in a tire circumferential direction overlap each other in a tire widthwise direction with tie rubber therebetween. A section of the film on a tire cavity side in the lap-splice portion has a portion where the film is thin over part or entirety of the width in the tire widthwise direction before the lap-splice portion, or a film thickness in the lap-splice portion is smaller than a film thickness in a portion other than the lap-splice portion. Thus, the pneumatic tire has no crack developing around the lap-splice portion of an inner liner layer after running, and has excellent durability.

It is a problem to provide a pneumatic tire where disengagement between sipe wall surfaces is suppressed. In a sipe formed in a block of a tread portion, two ridge portions (32) and (34) are formed in one sipe wall surface (29P), and two valley portions that engage with the ridge portions (32) and (34) are formed in another sipe wall surface. The two ridge portions (32) and (34) form a merged portion (30) where they merge together in the center of a sipe lengthwise direction and at their tire radial direction outside ends, and the two ridge portions (32) and (34) extend linearly from the merged portion (30) toward both sipe-lengthwise-direction end sides (F) and (K) so as to gradually move apart inward in the tire radial direction. Because of this configuration, the contact length of the adjacent sipe wall surfaces in a sipe depth direction (R) becomes longer.

In a pneumatic tire, center land portions include a circumferential narrow groove extending in the tire circumferential direction so as to partition the center land portions in a tire width direction; a plurality of lug grooves disposed in each region of each of the center land portions partitioned by the circumferential narrow groove, extending in the tire width direction, so as to partition each of the regions of the center land portions in the tire circumferential direction; and a plurality of blocks partitioned by the circumferential narrow groove and the plurality of lug grooves. Blocks of the center land portions include one open sipe extending in the tire width direction so as to partition the blocks in the tire circumferential direction, and three or more closed sipes disposed in each of the regions of each of the blocks partitioned by the open sipe.

A pneumatic radial tire in which a plurality of land portion rows 2 are formed by a plurality of main grooves that extend in the circumferential direction on a tread portion of a tire, and a thin groove 3 that extends in the tire circumferential direction is formed in at least one shoulder land portion row 2A that is positioned on the tread end among the plurality of land portion rows. A land portion 5 that is positioned between, the thin groove 3 and the tread end 4 is partitioned into a plurality of blocks 5a by a lug groove 6 that extends in the tire width direction and whose maximum groove depth is set deeper than the groove depth of the thin groove, and the groove depth of the lug groove continuously changes so as to become a maximum at an intermediate position between the thin groove and the tread end. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a pneumatic radial tire that can achieve improved drainage performance.

A non-pneumatic tire includes a plurality of springs. Each spring includes a first end portion, a second end portion, and an arching middle portion. Each spring is interwoven with at least one other spring thereby forming a toroidal structure extending about an entire circumference of the non-pneumatic tire. The toroidal structure is at least partially coated with an elastomer. One end portion of at least one spring is wrapped around a first bead structure adjacent a rim.

A pneumatic tire is provided with a main groove extending along a tire circumferential direction in a tread. A side wall of a land portion facing the main groove extends so as to be inclined with respect to a tire circumferential direction between a pair of corner portions. The corner portion positioned in an inner side in a width direction of the main groove is set to an inner corner portion and the corner portion positioned in an outer side is set to an outer corner portion. In the inner corner portion, the side wall is formed by a stepped surface expanding to the outer side in the width direction toward a groove bottom and an expansion to the outer side in the width direction in the stepped surface is made smaller from the inner corner portion toward the outer corner portion.

A pneumatic tire including at least four circumferential main grooves extending in the tire circumferential direction and a plurality of rib-like land portions partitioned by the circumferential main grooves in the tread portion. Additionally, an outer side second land portion includes a zigzag narrow groove having a zigzag shape, extending in the tire circumferential direction, and dividing the outer side second land portion in the tire width direction; and a plurality of first sipes disposed at a predetermined pitch in the tire circumferential direction, extending from an edge portion on the outer side in the tire width direction of the outer side second land portion toward the inner side in the tire width direction, and terminating prior to the zigzag narrow groove, leaving a gap for ventilation.

A pneumatic tire including a separatable pair of mechanical fasteners wherein a first fastener of the pair of mechanical fasteners is provided on a tire inner surface. In this pneumatic tire, the obtained engagement force of the pair of mechanical fasteners is great and is essentially free of variations (positional variation within the tire and variation from tire to tire); the engagement force deteriorates/declines minimally over time due to extreme usage conditions including repetitive deformation and compaction over an extended period of time caused by tire rotation at high speeds in a state of relatively elevated temperatures; and the desired engagement force can be maintained over an extended period of time.

The present invention includes a run-flat tire 1 comprising a plurality of turbulence generation ridges 20 which extend on a surface of a tire side portion 3 in a tire-radial direction and which are arranged at a pitch in a tire-circumferential direction and relationship Si>So is satisfied. Si is the sum of sidewall areas of all the turbulence generation ridges located at the inner side, in the tire-radial direction, of a maximum width position of the pneumatic tire. So is the sum of sidewall areas of all the turbulence generation ridges located at the outer side, in the tire-radial direction, of the tire maximum width position.

A pneumatic tire that is provided with a first fastener of a separatable pair of mechanical fasteners on a tire inner surface, wherein, even in cases where a desired object is engaged/fixed using only one fastener, the object does not rotate having the fastener as a central axis when the tire is in use. A first fastener of the pair of mechanical fasteners is provided on a tire inner surface, and the mechanical fasteners are provided with a rotation preventing mechanism for preventing the fasteners from mutually rotating when the pair of mechanical fasteners are engaged.

The present invention provides a rubber composition that improves in terms of the fuel economy of a rubber composition containing an isoprene-based rubber and also offers favorable durability and favorable processability or adhesion to steel cords, and a pneumatic tire formed from the rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition for a bead apex, sidewall packing, base tread, or breaker cushion, including: a specific rubber component; a specific amount of a specific carbon black; a specific amount of sulfur; and a specific amount of a compound represented by formula (I) below. The present invention also relates to a rubber composition for a steel cord topping, strip adjacent to steel cords, or tie gum, including: a specific rubber component; a specific amount of a specific carbon black; a specific amount of an organic acid cobalt salt; and a specific amount of a compound represented by the formula (I).

Provided is a pneumatic tire whose braking performance on ice and partial-wear resistance can be improved. Sipes 11X provided in a rib 5 on a tire equatorial plane TE are formed in such a three-dimensional shape that the amount at which the rib 5 collapses due to an external force is smaller in the tire rotational direction than in a direction opposite to the tire rotational direction. In each block 10 in each shoulder region 1S, sipes 11Ma in a block tread-in side portion 10A are each formed in such a three-dimensional shape that the amount at which the block 10, if entirely provided with the sipes 11Ma, collapses due to an external force will be smaller in the tire rotational direction than in the direction opposite to the tire rotational direction. Sipes 11Mb in a block kick-out side portion 10B are each formed in such a three-dimensional shape that the amount at which the block 10, if entirely provided with the sipes 11Mb, collapses due to an external force will be smaller in the direction opposite to the tire rotational direction than in the tire rotational direction.

A heavy duty pneumatic tire comprises a tread portion provided with circumferentially continuous main grooves and lateral grooves to form blocks in circumferential rows. The main grooves include a pair of shoulder main grooves disposed one on each side of the tire equator so that the center line thereof is at a distance of 0.30 to 0.65 times one half of the tread width from the tire equator. The blocks include crown blocks disposed in a tread crown region between the shoulder main grooves, and shoulder blocks disposed in shoulder regions axially outside the shoulder main grooves. Each of the crown blocks and shoulder blocks is provided with at least one axially extending sipe.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic tire of which rolling resistance is reduced without impairing wear resistance. Specifically, the pneumatic tire of the present invention comprises: a tread portion; a pair of side wall portions; a pair of bead portions; a carcass constituted of at least one carcass ply extending in a toroidal shape between bead cores in the respective bead portions; a belt disposed on the outer peripheral side of a crown region of the carcass and formed by at least one inclined belt layer made of cords extending to be inclined with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire; and a tread rubber disposed on the radially outer side of the belt, wherein a ratio of BD/BW satisfies the following formula: (0.062×tire aspect ratio−0.01)

In the invention, at least a tire outer circumferential side portion of a tread portion is formed of a non-conductive rubber layer. The non-conductive rubber layer is formed by winding and laminating a non-conductive rubber ribbon along a tire circumferential direction. A conductive layer is provided on an outer circumference of the non-conductive rubber ribbon, and the conductive layer continuously and spirally extends along the tire circumferential direction, and is exposed on a tread surface from a bottom surface of the non-conductive rubber layer toward a tire outer circumferential side. Accordingly, an electricity generated in a vehicle body is discharged to a road through the conductive layer. Since the conductive layer is scattered within the non-conductive rubber layer and exposure on the tread surface is preferably secured, it is possible to achieve an excellent conductivity.

A pneumatic tire in which: a carcass layer is laid between paired bead sections; a belt layer is buried, on the outer peripheral side of the carcass layer, in a tread section; and multiple main grooves extending in a tire circumferential direction are provided in the tread section. In the pneumatic tire, a maximum groove depth of each of the main grooves is 8.5 mm to 15.0 mm, a ratio α of a section height SH of an actual tire to a section height SHstd calculated from a tire size is set in a range of 0.97≦α≦0.99, a contact area ratio is 65% to 70% under a measurement condition where an air pressure is 200 kPa and a load is 50% of a load carrying ability with the air pressure of 200 kPa, and an average contact pressure P is 300 kPa to 400 kPa under the measurement condition. The tire achieves enhanced wet performance without increasing tire weight.

A rubber-steel hybrid cord of the present invention is characteristically formed by twisting a plurality of sheath filaments or sheath strands around a core in which a periphery of and space surrounded by one or a plurality of core filaments or a core strand are coated or filled with a filler rubber (A) containing an adhesion promoter, thereby forming a multilayer-twist steel cord or a multi-twist steel cord, and coating an outer surface of the multilayer-twist steel cord or the multi-twist steel cord with a coating rubber (C). Further, an amount of an adhesion promoter contained in the coating rubber (C) is equal to or more than an amount of the adhesion promoter contained in the filler rubber (A).

Provided is a pneumatic tire whose safety factor and durability are improved without generating a problem of an increase in the weight of a tire and an increase in the inner surface cord protrusion failure. Provided is a pneumatic tire including one or more carcasses 2 extending toroidally between bead cores 1 embedded in a pair of bead portions 11 respectively. A polyester fiber cord whose total decitex as a twisted cord is 4300 to 5100 dtex, whose cord strength as a dip treated cord is 6.5 to 7.2 cN/dtex and whose cord elongation at a stress loading of 2 cN/dtex is 3.5 to 4.0% is used as a reinforcing cord of the carcass 2, and the tenacity of a treat which is the reinforcing cord covered with rubber per unit width is 2.9 to 3.2 kN/cm.

A pneumatic tire for a commercial vehicle with a tread, wherein at least the part of the tread which comes into contact with the road contains a sulphur-vulcanized rubber mixture. The sulphur-vulcanized rubber mixture contains 90 to 50 phr (parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight, of all of the rubbers in the mixture) of natural rubber, 10 to 50 phr of at least one polybutadiene having a glass transition temperature Tg of −110 to −65° C. and 5 to 50 phr of at least one aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbon resin having a softening point (ring and ball to ASTM E 28) of 0 to 150° C., and a mean molecular weight Mn of less than 2000 g/mol and a polydispersity D=Mw/Mn of 1 to 5.