Squishy Brains Studio announces the launch of a Kickstarter campaign for the "World of Humans" project.

Umair Haque, director of the Havas Media Labs and author of "Betterness: Economics for Humans."

On December 20, 2017 a private Colorado river trip participating in a day hike up the Monument Creek drainage, discovered human remains. Investigating Rangers located evidence at the scene indicating the remains are likely those of 72 year old Raafat "Ralph" Nasser-Eddin of Los Angeles, CA. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/body-recovery-monument-creek.htm

This new research has outlined yet another benefit to intermittent fasting—that may arise from the time you eat, rather than what you eat.

The post New Intermittent Fasting Program Shown to Suppress Cancer and Metabolic Disease in Mice and Humans appeared first on Good News Network.

My book Creative Calling is out! Thanks for all your love, support, and help getting it out into the world. We kicked off celebrations in Seattle with over 700 people in attendance to talk about Creativity with my good buddy, Humans of New York creator, Brandon Stanton. I recorded the session for you. Hope you enjoy! FOLLOW HUMANS OF NEW YORK: instagram | twitter | website Listen to the Podcast Subscribe   This podcast is brought to you by CreativeLive. CreativeLive is the world’s largest hub for online creative education in photo/video, art/design, music/audio, craft/maker, money/life and the ability to make a living in any of those disciplines. They are high quality, highly curated classes taught by the world’s top experts — Pulitzer, Oscar, Grammy Award winners, New York Times best selling authors and the best entrepreneurs of our times.

The post Imagine What’s Possible – On Stage /w Humans of New York Creator Brandon Stanton appeared first on Chase Jarvis Photography.

Large-scale pretrained language models are the major driving force behind recent improvements in performance on the Winograd Schema Challenge, a widely employed test of common sense reasoning ability. We show, however, with a new diagnostic dataset, that these models are sensitive to linguistic perturbations of the Winograd examples that minimally affect human understanding. Our results highlight interesting differences between humans and language models: language models are more sensitive to number or gender alternations and synonym replacements than humans, and humans are more stable and consistent in their predictions, maintain a much higher absolute performance, and perform better on non-associative instances than associative ones. Overall, humans are correct more often than out-of-the-box models, and the models are sometimes right for the wrong reasons. Finally, we show that fine-tuning on a large, task-specific dataset can offer a solution to these issues.

People are doing what they can to stay healthy, but what about their pets? Dr. Phyllis Sill is a veterinarian at Roscoe Veterinary Clinic. She says if you want to keep your dogs safe, there are certain things you shouldn't do: " Don’t let your dog suddenly go on a long run or a long walk if it hasn’t been conditioned to do so," she said. "They are probably going to end up with lameness issues or injuries." She continued, "Don’t get a group of dogs together, they might fight." Sill said it is important to think about things your dog can eat or swallow, like chocolate or the sugar substitute xylitol. "Try to keep them up and away," she warned, "because if dogs get into sugar-free gum, it can kill them." The Roscoe Veterinary Clinic is considered an essential business; therefore it remains open amid Governor J.B. Pritzker's "stay-at-home" order. But, Sill said, even though they are open, they are only admitting patients with serious conditions. "We are looking at patients who have growths

Jessie Beck, a biologist with Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, is our captain on today ’ s inflatable boat commute to A ñ o Nuevo Island.

In a D.C. neighborhood, two dog owners noticed their pets looked a bit alike. Turns out, they were brothers.

American legal scholar Brett Frischmann says we have to wake up to the risk of losing our humanity to 21st techno-social engineering. He warns humans are heading down an ill-advised path that is making us behave like ‘perfectly predictable’ simple machines.

The ability to navigate through the physical world is an amazing feat of the brain that was developed by our ancient ancestors. We can walk through unfamiliar places while maintaining a sense of direction, take shortcuts and remember places we visited decades earlier. How do we do it and is this ability threatened by a reliance on GPS?

Recent advancements in Machine Learning (ML) have taught us two main lessons: a large proportion of things that humans do can actually be automated, and that a substantial part of this automation can be done with minimal human supervision. One no longer needs to select features for models to use; in many cases people are … Continue reading Three Paper Thursday: Adversarial Machine Learning, Humans and everything in between →

BACKGROUND The live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine candidate induces protection against B. pertussis and prevents nasal colonization in animal models. Here we report on the responses in humans receiving a single intranasal administration of BPZE1.METHODS We performed multiple assays to dissect the immune responses induced in humans (n = 12) receiving BPZE1, with particular emphasis on the magnitude and characteristics of the antibody responses. Such responses were benchmarked to adolescents (n = 12) receiving the complete vaccination program of the currently used acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV). Using immunoproteomics analysis, potentially novel immunogenic B. pertussis antigens were identified.RESULTS All BPZE1 vaccinees showed robust B. pertussis–specific antibody responses with regard to significant increase in 1 or more of the following parameters: IgG, IgA, and memory B cells to B. pertussis antigens. BPZE1–specific T cells showed a Th1 phenotype, and the IgG exclusively consisted of IgG1 and IgG3. In contrast, all aPV vaccines showed a Th2-biased response. Immunoproteomics profiling revealed that BPZE1 elicited broader and different antibody specificities to B. pertussis antigens as compared with the aPV that primarily induced antibodies to the vaccine antigens. Moreover, BPZE1 was superior at inducing opsonizing antibodies that stimulated ROS production in neutrophils and enhanced bactericidal function, which was in line with the finding that antibodies against adenylate cyclase toxin were only elicited by BPZE1.CONCLUSION The breadth of the antibodies, the Th1-type cellular response, and killing mechanisms elicited by BPZE1 may hold prospects of improving vaccine efficacy and protection against B. pertussis transmission.TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02453048, NCT00870350.FUNDING ILiAD Biotechnologies, Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet), Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation.

BACKGROUND Beige adipose tissue is associated with improved glucose homeostasis in mice. Adipose tissue contains β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-ARs), and this study was intended to determine whether the treatment of obese, insulin-resistant humans with the β3-AR agonist mirabegron, which stimulates beige adipose formation in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SC WAT), would induce other beneficial changes in fat and muscle and improve metabolic homeostasis.METHODS Before and after β3-AR agonist treatment, oral glucose tolerance tests and euglycemic clamps were performed, and histochemical analysis and gene expression profiling were performed on fat and muscle biopsies. PET-CT scans quantified brown adipose tissue volume and activity, and we conducted in vitro studies with primary cultures of differentiated human adipocytes and muscle.RESULTS The clinical effects of mirabegron treatment included improved oral glucose tolerance (P < 0.01), reduced hemoglobin A1c levels (P = 0.01), and improved insulin sensitivity (P = 0.03) and β cell function (P = 0.01). In SC WAT, mirabegron treatment stimulated lipolysis, reduced fibrotic gene expression, and increased alternatively activated macrophages. Subjects with the most SC WAT beiging showed the greatest improvement in β cell function. In skeletal muscle, mirabegron reduced triglycerides, increased the expression of PPARγ coactivator 1 α (PGC1A) (P < 0.05), and increased type I fibers (P < 0.01). Conditioned media from adipocytes treated with mirabegron stimulated muscle fiber PGC1A expression in vitro (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Mirabegron treatment substantially improved multiple measures of glucose homeostasis in obese, insulin-resistant humans. Since β cells and skeletal muscle do not express β3-ARs, these data suggest that the beiging of SC WAT by mirabegron reduces adipose tissue dysfunction, which enhances muscle oxidative capacity and improves β cell function.TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02919176.FUNDING NIH: DK112282, P30GM127211, DK 71349, and Clinical and Translational science Awards (CTSA) grant UL1TR001998.

Humans of Scotland is a campaign that highlights the voices of those with long term conditions, disabilities and those who are unpaid carers.

Michael McEwan interviews Angela Millar, the campaign lead and two people who share their stories as part of the campaign, Raven Lane and Michael Byrne.

Read the Humans of Scotland book.

Transcript of episode

Music Credit: Make your dream a reality by Scott Holmes.

Designed by the creative minds behind Taipei-based[...]

It’s been nearly a month since the spreading coronavirus prompted Yosemite National Park’s closure on March 20, and resident black bears are making the most of it. Last year, 4.42 million people visited Yosemite. This year, it’s a bear’s world.[...]

Altruism is alive and well. So is the desire to protect one’s self-image.

A new study suggests a half-ton bird roamed Europe nearly 2 million years ago, around when our Homo predecessors were first entering the region.

A study finds that close to a trillion trees could potentially be planted on Earth—enough to sequester more than 200 billion tons of carbon. But environmental change on this scale is no easy task.

A new analysis of a skull found in Greece decades ago suggests that early humans may have been in Eurasia as early as 210,000 years ago.

New findings suggest Neanderthals evolved their unusually broad fingers after they split from Denisovans, just 400,000 years ago.

In a new study, brain-like organoids made from human cells were slower to mature than their chimpanzee and macaque counterparts.

But many questions remain about the true origin of the Homo sapiens species.

New findings bolster the argument that the two groups of early humans had a lot of behavioral similarities.

More humans may be exercising more flexibility and cooperation, in vaster global numbers, than at any other time in human history.

As people across the globe stay home to stop the spread of the new coronavirus, Earth is becoming cleaner and more wild.

A RAT virus has mutated and made the jump from animal to human infecting a total of 11 people in Hong Kong.

As the all-out effort for a vaccine accelerates, USA TODAY is rounding up some of the week's most notable developments.

strataconf: StrataWeek: Wireless body networks bring humans into Internet of Things http://t.co/vRgkRtTTKe Pills & tattoo authenticators & NSA leaks

strataconf: Humans as nodes, pills & electronic tattoo password authenticators & hiding data in temporal cloaks http://t.co/vRgkRtTTKe #strataconf

Mutations in retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 (RLBP1), encoding the visual cycle protein cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP), cause an autosomal recessive form of retinal degeneration. By binding to 11-cis-retinoid, CRALBP augments the isomerase activity of retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65 (RPE65) and facilitates 11-cis-retinol oxidation to 11-cis-retinal. CRALBP also maintains the 11-cis configuration and protects against unwanted retinaldehyde activity. Studying a sibling pair that is compound heterozygous for mutations in RLBP1/CRALBP, here we expand the phenotype of affected individuals, elucidate a previously unreported phenotype in RLBP1/CRALBP carriers, and demonstrate consistencies between the affected individuals and Rlbp1/Cralbp−/− mice. In the RLBP1/CRALBP-affected individuals, nonrecordable rod-specific electroretinogram traces were recovered after prolonged dark adaptation. In ultrawide-field fundus images, we observed radially arranged puncta typical of RLBP1/CRALBP-associated disease. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed hyperreflective aberrations within photoreceptor-associated bands. In short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF) images, speckled hyperautofluorescence and mottling indicated macular involvement. In both the affected individuals and their asymptomatic carrier parents, reduced SW-AF intensities, measured as quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF), indicated chronic impairment in 11-cis-retinal availability and provided information on mutation severity. Hypertransmission of the SD-OCT signal into the choroid together with decreased near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF) provided evidence for retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) involvement. In Rlbp1/Cralbp−/− mice, reduced 11-cis-retinal levels, qAF and NIR-AF intensities, and photoreceptor loss were consistent with the clinical presentation of the affected siblings. These findings indicate that RLBP1 mutations are associated with progressive disease involving RPE atrophy and photoreceptor cell degeneration. In asymptomatic carriers, qAF disclosed previously undetected visual cycle deficiency.

WS Harris
Jun 1, 1989; 30:785-807
Reviews

JM Dietschy
Oct 1, 1993; 34:1637-1659
Reviews

Ronald M. Krauss
Jan 1, 1982; 23:97-104
Articles

Saverio Cinti
Nov 1, 2005; 46:2347-2355
Research Articles

Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve is one of China's most popular tourist attractions, drawing more than five million visitors per year to the sparsely populated mountains of north-western Sichuan. The reserve has been home to farmer-herders for thousands of years, but to conserve the biodiversity and scenic quality of the reserve, park policies prohibit residents from farming, herding and wood cutting.

(American Friends of Tel Aviv University) The research reveals that hunter-gatherer societies expressed a deep emotional and psychological connection with the animal species they hunted, especially after their disappearance. The study will help anthropologists and others understand the profound environmental changes taking place in our own lifetimes.

The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. We previously evaluated an agonist tracer, ¹¹C-GR103545, for PET imaging of KOR in humans. Although ¹¹C-GR103545 showed high brain uptake, good binding specificity, and selectivity to KOR, it displayed slow kinetics and relatively large test-retest variability (TRV) of distribution volume (V_T) estimates (15%). Therefore we set out to develop two novel KOR agonist radiotracers, ¹¹C-EKAP and ¹¹C-FEKAP, and in nonhuman primates, both tracers exhibited faster kinetics and comparable binding parameters to ¹¹C-GR103545. The aim of this study was to assess their kinetic and binding properties in humans. Methods: Six healthy subjects underwent 120-min test-retest PET scans with both ¹¹C-EKAP and ¹¹C-FEKAP. Metabolite-corrected arterial input functions were measured. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were generated for 14 regions of interest. One- and two-tissue compartment models (1TC, 2TC) and the multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) method were applied to the regional TACs to calculate V_T. Time-stability of V_T values and test-retest reproducibility were evaluated. Levels of specific binding, as measured by the non-displaceable binding potential (BP_ND) for the three tracers (¹¹C-EKAP, ¹¹C-FEKAP and ¹¹C-GR103545), were compared using a graphical method. Results: For both tracers, regional TACs were fitted well with the 2TC model and MA1 method (t*=20min), but not with the 1TC model. Given unreliably estimated parameters in several fits with the 2TC model and a good match between V_T values from MA1 and 2TC, MA1 was chosen as the appropriate model for both tracers. Mean MA1 V_T values were highest for ¹¹C-GR103545, followed by ¹¹C-EKAP, then ¹¹C-FEKAP. Minimum scan time for stable V_T measurement was 90 and 110min for ¹¹C-EKAP and ¹¹C-FEKAP, respectively, compared with 140min for ¹¹C-GR103545. The mean absolute TRV in MA1 V_T estimates was 7% and 18% for ¹¹C-EKAP and ¹¹C-FEKAP, respectively. BP_ND levels were similar for ¹¹C-FEKAP and ¹¹C-GR103545, but ~25% lower for ¹¹C-EKAP. Conclusion: The two novel KOR agonist tracers showed faster tissue kinetics than ¹¹C-GR103545. Even with slightly lower BP_ND, ¹¹C-EKAP is judged to be a better tracer for imaging and quantification of KOR in humans, based on the shorter minimum scan time and excellent test-retest.

Momoko Kawana
Apr 7, 2020; 0:jlr.RA120000671v1-jlr.RA120000671
Research Articles

Ceramides are the predominant lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) and are crucial components for normal skin barrier function. Although the composition of various ceramide classes in the human SC has been reported, that in mice is still unknown, despite mice being widely used as animal models of skin barrier function. Here, we performed LC–MS/MS analyses using recently available ceramide class standards to measure 25 classes of free ceramides and 5 classes of protein-bound ceramides from the human and mouse SC. Phytosphingosine-type ceramides (P-ceramides) and 6-hydroxy sphingosine-type ceramides (H-ceramides), which both contain an additional hydroxyl group, were abundant in human SC (35% and 45% of total ceramides, respectively). In contrast, in mice, P-ceramides and H-ceramides were present at ~1% and undetectable levels, respectively, and sphingosine-type ceramides accounted for ~90%. In humans, ceramides containing α-hydroxy FA were abundant, whereas ceramides containing β-hydroxy FA (B-ceramides) or -hydroxy FA were abundant in mice. The hydroxylated β-carbon in B-ceramides was in the (R)-configuration. Genetic knockout of β-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydratases in HAP1 cells increased B-ceramide levels, suggesting that β-hydroxy acyl-CoA, an FA-elongation cycle intermediate in the endoplasmic reticulum, is a substrate for B-ceramide synthesis. We anticipate that our methods and findings will help to elucidate the role of each ceramide class in skin barrier formation and in the pathogenesis of skin disorders.